At-Tur 52:41
The Mount · Juz 27 · Page 525
أَمۡ عِندَهُمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبُ فَهُمۡ يَكۡتُبُونَ ٤١
Or have they [knowledge of] the unseen, so they write [it] down?
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Alusi
Detailed
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Commentary on 52:40–41
﴿أمْ تَسْألُهم أجْرًا﴾ أيْ عَلى تَبْلِيغِ الرِّسالَةِ وهو رُجُوعٌ إلى خِطابِهِ صَلّى اللَّهُ تَعالى عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ وإعْراضُ عَنْهم ﴿فَهُمْ﴾ لِأجْلِ ذَلِكَ ﴿مِن مَغْرَمٍ﴾ مَصْدَرٌ مِيمِيٌّ مِنَ الغُرْمِ والغَرامَةِ وهو - كَما قالَ الرّاغِبُ - ما يَنُوبُ الإنْسانُ في مالِهِ مِن ضَرَرٍ لِغَيْرِ جِنايَةٍ مِنهُ، فالكَلامُ بِتَقْدِيرِ مُضافٍ أيْ مِنَ التِزامٍ مُغْرَمٍ، وفَسَّرَهُ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ بِالتِزامِ الإنْسانِ ما لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ فَلا حاجَةَ إلى تَقْدِيرٍ - لَكِنَّ الَّذِي تَقْتَضِيهِ اللُّغَةُ هو الأوَّلُ - ﴿مُثْقَلُونَ﴾ أيْ مُحَمَّلُونَ الثِّقَلَ فَلِذَلِكَ لا يَتَّبِعُونَكَ ﴿أمْ عِنْدَهُمُ الغَيْبُ﴾ أيِ اللَّوْحِ المَحْفُوظِ المُثَبَّتِ فِيهِ الغُيُوبَ ﴿فَهم يَكْتُبُونَ﴾ مِنهُ ويُخْبِرُونَ بِهِ النّاسَ - قالَهُ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ - وقالَ ابْنُ عَطِيَّةَ: أمْ عِنْدَهم عِلْمُ الغَيْبِ فَهم يَثْبُتُونَ ما يَزْعُمُونَ لِلنّاسِ شَرْعًا، وذَلِكَ عِبادَةُ الأوْثانِ وتَسْيِيبُ السَّوائِبِ وغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِن سَيْرِهِمْ، وقالَ قَتادَةُ: ( أمْ عِنْدَهُمُ الغَيْبُ ) فَهم يَعْلَمُونَ مَتى يَمُوتُ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلّى اللَّهُ تَعالى عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ الَّذِي يَتَرَبَّصُونَ بِهِ، وفَسَّرَ بَعْضُهم ( يَكْتُبُونَ ) بِيَحْكُمُونَ.
Page 525
52:32
أَمۡ تَأۡمُرُهُمۡ أَحۡلَٰمُهُم بِهَٰذَآۚ أَمۡ هُمۡ قَوۡمٞ طَاغُونَ ٣٢
Or do their minds1 command them to [say] this, or are they a transgressing people?
1 translator’s note
- In this expression is also a subtle allusion to the leaders of the Quraysh, who considered themselves to be great minds. ↩
52:33
أَمۡ يَقُولُونَ تَقَوَّلَهُۥۚ بَل لَّا يُؤۡمِنُونَ ٣٣
Or do they say, "He has made it up"? Rather, they do not believe.
52:34
فَلۡيَأۡتُواْ بِحَدِيثٖ مِّثۡلِهِۦٓ إِن كَانُواْ صَٰدِقِينَ ٣٤
Then let them produce a statement like it, if they should be truthful.
52:35
أَمۡ خُلِقُواْ مِنۡ غَيۡرِ شَيۡءٍ أَمۡ هُمُ ٱلۡخَٰلِقُونَ ٣٥
Or were they created by nothing, or were they the creators [of themselves]?
52:36
أَمۡ خَلَقُواْ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَۚ بَل لَّا يُوقِنُونَ ٣٦
Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Rather, they are not certain.
52:37
أَمۡ عِندَهُمۡ خَزَآئِنُ رَبِّكَ أَمۡ هُمُ ٱلۡمُصَۜيۡطِرُونَ ٣٧
Or have they the depositories [containing the provision] of your Lord? Or are they the controllers [of them]?
52:38
أَمۡ لَهُمۡ سُلَّمٞ يَسۡتَمِعُونَ فِيهِۖ فَلۡيَأۡتِ مُسۡتَمِعُهُم بِسُلۡطَٰنٖ مُّبِينٍ ٣٨
Or have they a stairway [into the heaven] upon which they listen? Then let their listener produce a clear authority [i.e., proof].
52:39
أَمۡ لَهُ ٱلۡبَنَٰتُ وَلَكُمُ ٱلۡبَنُونَ ٣٩
Or has He daughters while you have sons?
52:40
أَمۡ تَسۡـَٔلُهُمۡ أَجۡرٗا فَهُم مِّن مَّغۡرَمٖ مُّثۡقَلُونَ ٤٠
Or do you, [O Muḥammad], ask of them a payment, so they are by debt burdened down?
52:41
أَمۡ عِندَهُمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبُ فَهُمۡ يَكۡتُبُونَ ٤١
Or have they [knowledge of] the unseen, so they write [it] down?
52:42
أَمۡ يُرِيدُونَ كَيۡدٗاۖ فَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ هُمُ ٱلۡمَكِيدُونَ ٤٢
Or do they intend a plan? But those who disbelieve - they are the object of a plan.
52:43
أَمۡ لَهُمۡ إِلَٰهٌ غَيۡرُ ٱللَّهِۚ سُبۡحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ ٤٣
Or have they a deity other than Allāh? Exalted is Allāh above whatever they associate with Him.
52:44
وَإِن يَرَوۡاْ كِسۡفٗا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ سَاقِطٗا يَقُولُواْ سَحَابٞ مَّرۡكُومٞ ٤٤
And if they were to see a fragment from the sky falling,1 they would say, "[It is merely] clouds heaped up."
1 translator’s note
- Marking the onset of Allāh's punishment, as they had requested. ↩
52:45
فَذَرۡهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يُلَٰقُواْ يَوۡمَهُمُ ٱلَّذِي فِيهِ يُصۡعَقُونَ ٤٥
So leave them until they meet their Day in which they will be struck insensible -
52:46
يَوۡمَ لَا يُغۡنِي عَنۡهُمۡ كَيۡدُهُمۡ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَا هُمۡ يُنصَرُونَ ٤٦
The Day their plan will not avail them at all, nor will they be helped.
52:47
وَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ عَذَابٗا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَهُمۡ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٤٧
And indeed, for those who have wronged is a punishment1 before that, but most of them do not know.
1 translator’s note
- If not in this world, in the grave. ↩
52:48
وَٱصۡبِرۡ لِحُكۡمِ رَبِّكَ فَإِنَّكَ بِأَعۡيُنِنَاۖ وَسَبِّحۡ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ ٤٨
And be patient, [O Muḥammad], for the decision of your Lord, for indeed, you are in Our eyes [i.e., sight]. And exalt [Allāh] with praise of your Lord when you arise
52:49
وَمِنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ فَسَبِّحۡهُ وَإِدۡبَٰرَ ٱلنُّجُومِ ٤٩
And in a part of the night exalt Him and after [the setting of] the stars.