Al-Mujadila 58:8
The Pleading Woman · Juz 28 · Page 543
أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ نُهُواْ عَنِ ٱلنَّجۡوَىٰ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا نُهُواْ عَنۡهُ وَيَتَنَٰجَوۡنَ بِٱلۡإِثۡمِ وَٱلۡعُدۡوَٰنِ وَمَعۡصِيَتِ ٱلرَّسُولِۖ وَإِذَا جَآءُوكَ حَيَّوۡكَ بِمَا لَمۡ يُحَيِّكَ بِهِ ٱللَّهُ وَيَقُولُونَ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ لَوۡلَا يُعَذِّبُنَا ٱللَّهُ بِمَا نَقُولُۚ حَسۡبُهُمۡ جَهَنَّمُ يَصۡلَوۡنَهَاۖ فَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ٨
Have you not considered those who were forbidden from private conversation [i.e., ridicule and conspiracy] and then return to that which they were forbidden and converse among themselves about sin and aggression and disobedience to the Messenger? And when they come to you, they greet you with that [word] by which Allāh does not greet you1 and say among themselves, "Why does Allāh not punish us for what we say?" Sufficient for them is Hell, which they will [enter to] burn, and wretched is the destination.
1 translator’s note
- This is in reference to the Jews who would greet the Muslims with the words "Death be upon you," rather than "Peace." ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Mawardi
Medium
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Commentary on 58:8–10
﴿ألَمْ تَرَ إلى الَّذِينَ نُهُوا عَنِ النَّجْوى﴾ النَّجْوى السِّرارُ، ومِن ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ جَرِيرٍ
؎ مِنَ النَّفْرِ البِيضِ الَّذِينَ إذا انْتَجَوْا أقَرَّتْ بِنَجْواهم لُؤَيُّ بْنُ غالِبٍ
والنَّجْوى مَأْخُوذَةٌ مِنَ النَّجْوَةِ وهي ما لَهُ ارْتِفاعٌ وبُعْدٌ، لِبَعْدِ الحاضِرِينَ عَنْهُ، وفِيها وجْهانِ:
أحَدُهُما: أنَّ كُلَّ سِرارٍ نَجْوى، قالَهُ ابْنُ عِيسى.
الثّانِي: أنَّ السِّرارَ ما كانَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ، والنَّجْوى ما كانَ بَيْنَ ثَلاثَةٍ، حَكاهُ سُراقَةُ.
وَفي المَنهِيِّ عَنْهُ ثَلاثَةُ أقاوِيلَ:
أحَدُها: أنَّهُمُ اليَهُودُ، كانُوا يَتَناجَوْنَ بِما بَيْنَ المُسْلِمِينَ، فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ، قالَهُ مُجاهِدٌ.
الثّانِي: أنَّهُمُ المُنافِقُونَ، قالَهُ الكَلْبِيُّ.
الثّالِثُ: أنَّهُمُ المُسْلِمُونَ.
رَوى أبُو سَعِيدٍ الخُدْرِيُّ قالَ: «كُنّا ذاتَ لَيْلَةٍ نَتَحَدَّثُ إذْ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (p-٤٩١)ﷺ فَقالَ: (ما هَذِهِ النَّجْوى ألَمْ تُنْهَوْا عَنِ النَّجْوى) . فَقُلْنا تُبْنا إلى اللَّهِ يا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إنّا كُنّا في ذِكْرِ المَسِيحِ يَعْنِي الدَّجّالَ فَرَقًا مِنهُ، فَقالَ: (ألا أُخْبِرُكم بِما هو أخْوَفُ عَلَيْكم عِنْدِي مِنهُ؟) قالُوا: بَلى يا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قالَ: (الشِّرْكُ الخَفِيُّ أنْ يَقُومَ الرَّجُلُ يَعْمَلُ لِمَكانِ الرَّجُلِ)» . ﴿وَإذا جاءُوكَ حَيَّوْكَ بِما لَمْ يُحَيِّكَ بِهِ اللَّهُ﴾ «كانَتِ اليَهُودُ إذا دَخَلَتْ عَلى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قالُوا: السّامُّ عَلَيْكَ، وكانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَقُولُ: وعَلَيْكم» ويُرْوى «أنَّ عائِشَةَ حِينَ سَمِعَتْ ذَلِكَ مِنهم قالَتْ: وعَلَيْكُمُ السّامُّ والذّامُّ، فَقالَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ: (إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ الفُحْشَ والتَّفَحُّشَ» . وفي السّامِّ الَّذِي أرادُوهُ ثَلاثَةُ أقاوِيلَ:
أحَدُها: أنَّهُ المَوْتُ، قالَهُ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ.
الثّانِي: أنَّهُ السَّيْفُ.
الثّالِثُ: أنَّهم أرادُوا بِذَلِكَ أنَّكم سَتَسْأمُونَ دِينَكم، قالَهُ الحَسَنُ، وكَذا مَن قالَ هو المَوْتُ لِأنَّهُ يَسْأمُ الحَياةَ.
وَحَكى الكَلْبِيُّ «أنَّ اليَهُودَ كانُوا إذا رَدَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ جَوابَ سَلامِهِمْ قالُوا: لَوْ كانَ هَذا نَبِيًّا لاسْتُجِيبَ لَهُ فِينا قَوْلُهُ وعَلَيْكم، يَعْنِي السّامَّ وهو المَوْتُ ولَيْسَ بِنا سامَّةٌ ولَيْسَ في أجْسادِنا فَتْرَةٌ، فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِمْ ﴿وَيَقُولُونَ في أنْفُسِهِمْ لَوْلا يُعَذِّبُنا اللَّهُ بِما نَقُولُ﴾ الآيَةَ.
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وَفِي قَوْلِهِ تَعالى ﴿إنَّما النَّجْوى مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ لِيَحْزُنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ وجْهانِ:
أحَدُهُما: ما كانَ يَتَناجى بِهِ اليَهُودُ والمُنافِقُونَ مِنَ الأراجِيفِ بِالمُسْلِمِينَ.
الثّانِي: أنَّها الأحْلامُ الَّتِي يَراها الإنْسانُ في مَنامِهِ فَتُحْزِنُهُ.(p-٤٩٢)
Page 543
58:7
أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ مَا يَكُونُ مِن نَّجۡوَىٰ ثَلَٰثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رَابِعُهُمۡ وَلَا خَمۡسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سَادِسُهُمۡ وَلَآ أَدۡنَىٰ مِن ذَٰلِكَ وَلَآ أَكۡثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمۡ أَيۡنَ مَا كَانُواْۖ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُواْ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٌ ٧
Have you not considered that Allāh knows what is in the heavens and what is on the earth? There are not three in a private conversation but that He is the fourth of them,1 nor are there five but that He is the sixth of them - and no less than that and no more except that He is with them [in knowledge] wherever they are. Then He will inform them of what they did on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed Allāh is, of all things, Knowing.
1 translator’s note
- Through His knowledge of them and their secrets. ↩
58:8
أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ نُهُواْ عَنِ ٱلنَّجۡوَىٰ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا نُهُواْ عَنۡهُ وَيَتَنَٰجَوۡنَ بِٱلۡإِثۡمِ وَٱلۡعُدۡوَٰنِ وَمَعۡصِيَتِ ٱلرَّسُولِۖ وَإِذَا جَآءُوكَ حَيَّوۡكَ بِمَا لَمۡ يُحَيِّكَ بِهِ ٱللَّهُ وَيَقُولُونَ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ لَوۡلَا يُعَذِّبُنَا ٱللَّهُ بِمَا نَقُولُۚ حَسۡبُهُمۡ جَهَنَّمُ يَصۡلَوۡنَهَاۖ فَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ٨
Have you not considered those who were forbidden from private conversation [i.e., ridicule and conspiracy] and then return to that which they were forbidden and converse among themselves about sin and aggression and disobedience to the Messenger? And when they come to you, they greet you with that [word] by which Allāh does not greet you1 and say among themselves, "Why does Allāh not punish us for what we say?" Sufficient for them is Hell, which they will [enter to] burn, and wretched is the destination.
1 translator’s note
- This is in reference to the Jews who would greet the Muslims with the words "Death be upon you," rather than "Peace." ↩
58:9
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا تَنَٰجَيۡتُمۡ فَلَا تَتَنَٰجَوۡاْ بِٱلۡإِثۡمِ وَٱلۡعُدۡوَٰنِ وَمَعۡصِيَتِ ٱلرَّسُولِ وَتَنَٰجَوۡاْ بِٱلۡبِرِّ وَٱلتَّقۡوَىٰۖ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِيٓ إِلَيۡهِ تُحۡشَرُونَ ٩
O you who have believed, when you converse privately, do not converse about sin and aggression and disobedience to the Messenger but converse about righteousness and piety. And fear Allāh, to whom you will be gathered.
58:10
إِنَّمَا ٱلنَّجۡوَىٰ مِنَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ لِيَحۡزُنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَيۡسَ بِضَآرِّهِمۡ شَيۡـًٔا إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلۡيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ ١٠
Private conversation is only from Satan that he may grieve those who have believed,1 but he will not harm them at all except by permission of Allāh. And upon Allāh let the believers rely.
1 translator’s note
- The reference may be to the sinful type of conversation, as mentioned in the previous verses, or to the practice of two persons speaking in confidence in the presence of a third, which might lead him to assume that he is the subject of their conversation. Such behavior was prohibited by the Prophet (ﷺ) in narrations of al-Bukhārī and Muslim. ↩
58:11
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمۡ تَفَسَّحُواْ فِي ٱلۡمَجَٰلِسِ فَٱفۡسَحُواْ يَفۡسَحِ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡۖ وَإِذَا قِيلَ ٱنشُزُواْ فَٱنشُزُواْ يَرۡفَعِ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنكُمۡ وَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡعِلۡمَ دَرَجَٰتٖۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٞ ١١
O you who have believed, when you are told, "Space yourselves" in assemblies, then make space; Allāh will make space for you.1 And when you are told, "Arise,"2 then arise; Allāh will raise those who have believed among you and those who were given knowledge, by degrees. And Allāh is Aware of what you do.