بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Al-Hashr 59:3
The Exile · Juz 28 · Page 545
وَلَوۡلَآ أَن كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡجَلَآءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمۡ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ وَلَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ عَذَابُ ٱلنَّارِ ٣
And if not that Allāh had decreed for them evacuation, He would have punished them in [this] world, and for them in the Hereafter is the punishment of the Fire.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ar-Razi
Detailed
Change
Commentary on 59:3–4
صفحة ٢٤٦
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿ولَوْلا أنْ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الجَلاءَ لَعَذَّبَهم في الدُّنْيا ولَهم في الآخِرَةِ عَذابُ النّارِ﴾ . مَعْنى الجَلاءِ في اللُّغَةِ: الخُرُوجُ مِنَ الوَطَنِ والتَّحَوُّلُ عَنْهُ، فَإنْ قِيلَ: إنَّ ”لَوْلا“ تُفِيدُ انْتِفاءَ الشَّيْءِ لِثُبُوتِ غَيْرِهِ، فَيَلْزَمُ مِن ثُبُوتِ الجَلاءِ عَدَمُ التَّعْذِيبِ في الدُّنْيا، لَكِنَّ الجَلاءَ نَوْعٌ مِن أنْواعِ التَّعْذِيبِ، فَإذًا يَلْزَمُ مِن ثُبُوتِ الجَلاءِ عَدَمُهُ، وهو مُحالٌ. قُلْنا: مَعْناهُ: ولَوْلا أنْ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الجَلاءَ لَعَذَّبَهم في الدُّنْيا بِالقَتْلِ كَما فُعِلَ بِإخْوانِهِمْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وأمّا قَوْلُهُ: ﴿ولَهم في الآخِرَةِ عَذابُ النّارِ﴾ فَهو كَلامٌ مُبْتَدَأٌ وغَيْرُ مَعْطُوفٍ عَلى ما قَبْلَهُ، إذْ لَوْ كانَ مَعْطُوفًا عَلى ما قَبْلَهُ لَزِمَ أنْ لا يُوجَدَ؛ لِما بَيَّنّا أنَّ لَوْلا تَقْتَضِي انْتِفاءَ الجَزاءِ لِحُصُولِ الشَّرْطِ.
أمّا قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿ذَلِكَ بِأنَّهم شاقُّوا اللَّهَ ورَسُولَهُ﴾ فَهو يَقْتَضِي أنَّ عِلَّةَ ذَلِكَ التَّخْرِيبِ هو مُشاقَّةُ اللَّهِ ورَسُولِهِ، فَإنْ قِيلَ: لَوْ كانَتِ المُشاقَّةُ عِلَّةً لِهَذا التَّخْرِيبِ لَوَجَبَ أنْ يُقالَ: أيْنَما حَصَلَتْ هَذِهِ المُشاقَّةُ حَصَلَ التَّخْرِيبُ، ومَعْلُومٌ أنَّهُ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ، قُلْنا: هَذا أحَدُ ما يَدُلُّ عَلى أنَّ تَخْصِيصَ العِلَّةِ المَنصُوصَةِ لا يَقْدَحُ في صِحَّتِها.
* * *
ثُمَّ قالَ: ﴿ومَن يُشاقِّ اللَّهَ فَإنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ العِقابِ﴾ والمَقْصُودُ مِنهُ الزَّجْرُ.
Page 545
58:22
لَّا تَجِدُ قَوۡمٗا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ يُوَآدُّونَ مَنۡ حَآدَّ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَلَوۡ كَانُوٓاْ ءَابَآءَهُمۡ أَوۡ أَبۡنَآءَهُمۡ أَوۡ إِخۡوَٰنَهُمۡ أَوۡ عَشِيرَتَهُمۡۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلۡإِيمَٰنَ وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٖ مِّنۡهُۖ وَيُدۡخِلُهُمۡ جَنَّٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَاۚ رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَرَضُواْ عَنۡهُۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ حِزۡبُ ٱللَّهِۚ أَلَآ إِنَّ حِزۡبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ ٢٢
You will not find a people who believe in Allāh and the Last Day having affection for those who oppose Allāh and His Messenger, even if they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred. Those - He has decreed within their hearts faith and supported them with spirit1 from Him. And We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally. Allāh is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him - those are the party of Allāh. Unquestionably, the party of Allāh - they are the successful.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., "that which gives life," explained as the guidance of the Qur’ān or victory over their opponents. ↩
سورة الحشر
Al-Hashr
The Exile · Medinan · 24 ayahs
بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
59:1
سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ١
Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allāh,1 and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
1 translator’s note
- See footnote to 57:1. ↩
59:2
هُوَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَخۡرَجَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمۡ لِأَوَّلِ ٱلۡحَشۡرِۚ مَا ظَنَنتُمۡ أَن يَخۡرُجُواْۖ وَظَنُّوٓاْ أَنَّهُم مَّانِعَتُهُمۡ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ فَأَتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنۡ حَيۡثُ لَمۡ يَحۡتَسِبُواْۖ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلرُّعۡبَۚ يُخۡرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُم بِأَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَأَيۡدِي ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ فَٱعۡتَبِرُواْ يَٰٓأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَبۡصَٰرِ ٢
It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture1 from their homes at the first gathering.2 You did not think they would leave, and they thought that their fortresses would protect them from Allāh; but [the decree of] Allāh came upon them from where they had not expected, and He cast terror into their hearts [so] they destroyed their houses by their [own] hands and the hands of the believers. So take warning, O people of vision.
59:3
وَلَوۡلَآ أَن كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡجَلَآءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمۡ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ وَلَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ عَذَابُ ٱلنَّارِ ٣
And if not that Allāh had decreed for them evacuation, He would have punished them in [this] world, and for them in the Hereafter is the punishment of the Fire.