Al-Hashr 59:7
The Exile · Juz 28 · Page 546
مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَيۡ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةَۢ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡأَغۡنِيَآءِ مِنكُمۡۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَٱنتَهُواْۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٧
And what Allāh restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allāh and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives1 and orphans and the needy and the [stranded] traveler2 - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from. And fear Allāh; indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.
2 translator’s notes
Those of Banū Hāshim and Banū Muṭṭalib, whom he (ﷺ) had prohibited from accepting zakāh.
[1655] This ruling concerning properties abandoned by an enemy without a war effort differs from that in Sūrah al-Anfāl, verse 41, which refers to spoils of war in which four fifths is distributed among those who fought in Allāh's cause.
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Commentary on 59:7
وَقَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿ما أفاءَ اللَّهُ عَلى رَسُولِهِ مِن أهْلِ القُرى﴾ بَيانٌ لِمَصارِفِ الفَيْءِ بَعْدَ بَيانِ إفاءَتِهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ مِن غَيْرِ أنْ يَكُونَ لِلْمُقاتِلَةِ فِيهِ حَقٌّ وإعادَةُ عَيْنِ العِبارَةِ الأُولى لِزِيادَةِ التَّقْرِيرِ ووَضْعُ أهْلِ القُرى مَوْضِعَ ضَمِيرِهِمْ لِلْإشْعارِ بِشُمُولِ (p-228)ما لِعَقاراتِهِمْ أيْضًا.
﴿فَلِلَّهِ ولِلرَّسُولِ ولِذِي القُرْبى واليَتامى والمَساكِينِ وابْنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ اخْتُلِفَ في قِسْمَةِ الفَيْءِ فَقِيلَ: يُسَدَّسُ لِظاهِرِ الآيَةِ ويُصْرَفُ سَهْمُ اللَّهِ إلى الكَعْبَةِ وسائِرِ المَساجِدِ، وقِيلَ: يُخَمَّسُ لِأنَّ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ لِلتَّعْظِيمِ ويُصْرَفُ الآنَ سَهْمُ الرَّسُولِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ إلى الإمامِ عَلى قَوْلِ وإلى العَساكِرِ والثُّغُورِ عَلى قَوْلٍ وإلى مَصالِحِ المُسْلِمِينَ عَلى قَوْلٍ، وقِيلَ: يُخَمَّسُ خَمْسَةً كالغَنِيمَةِ فَإنَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامِ كانَ يُقَسِّمُ الخُمُسَ كَذَلِكَ ويَصْرِفُ الأخْماسَ الأرْبَعَةَ كَما يَشاءُ والآنَ عَلى الخِلافِ المَذْكُورِ.
﴿كَيْ لا يَكُونَ﴾ أيِ: الفَيْءُ الَّذِي حَقُّهُ أنْ يَكُونَ لِلْفُقَراءِ يَعِيشُونَ بِهِ.
﴿دُولَةً﴾ بِضَمِّ الدّالِ وقُرِئَ بِفَتْحِها وهي ما يَدُولُ لِلْإنْسانِ أيْ: يَدُورُ مِنَ الغِنى والجِدِّ والغَلَبَةِ، وقِيلَ: الدَّوْلَةُ بِالفَتْحِ مِنَ المُلْكِ بِكَسْرِها، أوْ بِالضَّمِّ في المالِ وبِالفَتْحِ في النُّصْرَةِ أيْ: كَيْلا يَكُونَ جِدّا.
﴿بَيْنَ الأغْنِياءِ مِنكُمْ﴾ يَتَكاثَرُونَ بِهِ أوْ كَيْلا يَكُونَ دُولَةً جاهِلِيَّةً بَيْنَكم فَإنَّ الرُّؤَساءَ مِنهم كانُوا يَسْتَأْثِرُونَ بِالغَنِيمَةِ ويَقُولُونَ: "مَن عَزَّ بَزَّ"، وقِيلَ: الدُّولَةُ بِالضَّمِّ ما يُتَداوَلُ كالغُرْفَةِ اسْمُ ما يُغْتَرَفُ فالمَعْنى: كَيْلا يَكُونَ الفَيْءُ شَيْئًا يَتَداوَلُهُ الأغْنِياءُ بَيْنَهم ويَتَعاوَرُونَهُ فَلا يُصِيبُ الفُقَراءَ والدَّوْلَةُ بِالفَتْحِ بِمَعْنى التَّداوُلِ فالمَعْنى: كَيْلا يَكُونَ ذا تَداوُلٍ بَيْنَهم أوْ كَيْلا يَكُونَ إمْساكُهُ تَداوُلًا بَيْنَهم لا يُخْرِجُونَهُ إلى الفُقَراءِ، وقُرِئَ "دُولَةٌ" بِالرَّفْعِ عَلى أنَّ "كانَ" تامَّةٌ أيْ: كَيْلا يَقَعَ دُولَةٌ عَلى ما فُصِّلَ مِنَ المَعانِي.
﴿وَما آتاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ﴾ أيْ: ما أعْطاكُمُوهُ مِنَ الفَيْءِ أوْ مِنَ الأمْرِ.
﴿فَخُذُوهُ﴾ فَإنَّهُ حَقُّكم أوْ فَتُمْسِكُوا بِهِ فَإنَّهُ واجِبٌ عَلَيْكم.
﴿وَما نَهاكم عَنْهُ﴾ عَنْ أخْذِهِ أوْ عَنْ تَعاطِيهِ.
﴿فانْتَهُوا﴾ عَنْهُ.
﴿واتَّقُوا اللَّهَ﴾ في مُخالَفَتِهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ.
﴿إنّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ العِقابِ﴾ فَيُعاقِبُ مَن يُخالِفُ أمْرَهُ ونَهْيَهُ.
Page 546
59:4
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ شَآقُّواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥۖ وَمَن يُشَآقِّ ٱللَّهَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٤
That is because they opposed Allāh and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allāh - then indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.
59:5
مَا قَطَعۡتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوۡ تَرَكۡتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَىٰٓ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيُخۡزِيَ ٱلۡفَٰسِقِينَ ٥
Whatever you have cut down of [their] palm trees or left standing on their trunks - it was by permission of Allāh and so He would disgrace the defiantly disobedient.
59:6
وَمَآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡهُمۡ فَمَآ أَوۡجَفۡتُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ مِنۡ خَيۡلٖ وَلَا رِكَابٖ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُۥ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ ٦
And what Allāh restored [of property] to His Messenger from them - you did not spur for it [in an expedition] any horses or camels,1 but Allāh gives His messengers power over whom He wills, and Allāh is over all things competent.
1 translator’s note
- Meaning that they went through no hardship (i.e., war) to obtain it. ↩
59:7
مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَيۡ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةَۢ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡأَغۡنِيَآءِ مِنكُمۡۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَٱنتَهُواْۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٧
And what Allāh restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allāh and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives1 and orphans and the needy and the [stranded] traveler2 - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from. And fear Allāh; indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.
2 translator’s notes
Those of Banū Hāshim and Banū Muṭṭalib, whom he (ﷺ) had prohibited from accepting zakāh.
[1655] This ruling concerning properties abandoned by an enemy without a war effort differs from that in Sūrah al-Anfāl, verse 41, which refers to spoils of war in which four fifths is distributed among those who fought in Allāh's cause.
↩- ↩
59:8
لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ ٱلۡمُهَٰجِرِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُخۡرِجُواْ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمۡ وَأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ يَبۡتَغُونَ فَضۡلٗا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضۡوَٰنٗا وَيَنصُرُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّٰدِقُونَ ٨
For the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allāh and [His] approval and supporting [the cause of] Allāh and His Messenger, [there is also a share]. Those are the truthful.
59:9
وَٱلَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُو ٱلدَّارَ وَٱلۡإِيمَٰنَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ يُحِبُّونَ مَنۡ هَاجَرَ إِلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمۡ حَاجَةٗ مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ وَيُؤۡثِرُونَ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ وَلَوۡ كَانَ بِهِمۡ خَصَاصَةٞۚ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفۡسِهِۦ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ ٩
And [also for] those who were settled in the Home [i.e.,al-Madīnah] and [adopted] the faith before them.1 They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what they [i.e., the emigrants] were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful.
1 translator’s note
- Before the settlement of the emigrants (Muhājireen) among the Anṣār, for whom a share is delegated as well. ↩