Al-Hashr 59:7
The Exile · Juz 28 · Page 546
مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَيۡ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةَۢ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡأَغۡنِيَآءِ مِنكُمۡۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَٱنتَهُواْۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٧
And what Allāh restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allāh and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives1 and orphans and the needy and the [stranded] traveler2 - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from. And fear Allāh; indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.
2 translator’s notes
Those of Banū Hāshim and Banū Muṭṭalib, whom he (ﷺ) had prohibited from accepting zakāh.
[1655] This ruling concerning properties abandoned by an enemy without a war effort differs from that in Sūrah al-Anfāl, verse 41, which refers to spoils of war in which four fifths is distributed among those who fought in Allāh's cause.
↩- ↩
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Commentary on 59:6–7
﴿فَما أوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِن خَيْلٍ ولا رِكابٍ﴾ والإيجافُ الإيضاعُ في السَّيْرِ وهو الإسْراعُ، والرِّكابُ: الإبِلُ، وفِيهِما يَقُولُ نُصَيْبٌ
؎ ألا رُبَّ رَكْبٍ قَدْ قَطَعْتُ وجِيفَهم إلَيْكَ ولَوْلا أنْتَ لَمْ تَوْجَفِ الرَّكْبُ
﴿وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلى مَن يَشاءُ﴾ ذَلِكَ أنَّ مالَ الفَيْءِ هو المَأْخُوذُ مِنَ المُشْرِكِينَ بِغَيْرِ قِتالٍ ولا إيجافِ خَيْلٍ ولا رِكابٍ، فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِهِ أنْ يَضَعَهُ حَيْثُ يَشاءُ لِأنَّهُ واصِلٌ بِتَسْلِيطِ الرَّسُولِ عَلَيْهِمْ لا بِمُحارَبَتِهِمْ وقَهْرِهِمْ.
فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ طُعْمَةً لِرَسُولِهِ خالِصًا دُونَ النّاسِ، فَقَسَّمَهُ في المُهاجِرِينَ إلّا سَهْلَ بْنَ حَنِيفٌ وأبا دُجانَةَ فَإنَّهُما ذَكَرا فَقْرًا فَأعْطاهُما.
﴿كَيْ لا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الأغْنِياءِ مِنكُمْ﴾ يُقالُ دُولَةٌ بِالضَّمِّ وبِالفَتْحِ وقُرِئَ بِهِما، وفِيهِما قَوْلانِ:
أحَدُهُما: أنَّهُما واحِدٌ، قالَهُ يُونُسٌ، والأصْمَعِيُّ.
الثّانِي: أنَّ بَيْنَهُما فَرْقًا، وفِيهِ أرْبَعَةُ أوْجُهٍ: (p-٥٠٤)أحَدُها: أنَّهُ بِالفَتْحِ الظَّفَرُ في الحَرْبِ، وبِالضَّمِّ الغِنى عَنْ فَقْرٍ، قالَهُ أبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ العَلاءِ.
الثّانِي: أنَّهُ بِالفَتْحِ في الأيّامِ، وبِالضَّمِّ في الأمْوالِ، قالَهُ عُبَيْدَةُ.
الثّالِثُ: أنَّ بِالفَتْحِ ما كانَ كالمُسْتَقِرِّ، وبِالضَّمِّ ما كانَ كالمُسْتَعارِ، حَكاهُ ابْنُ كامِلٍ.
الرّابِعُ: أنَّهُ بِالفَتْحِ الطَّعْنُ في الحَرْبِ، وبِالضَّمِّ أيّامُ المُلْكِ وأيّامُ السِّنِينَ الَّتِي تَتَغَيَّرُ، قالَهُ الفَرّاءُ، قالَ حَسّانٌ
؎ ولَقَدْ نِلْتُمْ ونِلْنا مِنكم ∗∗∗ وكَذاكَ الحَرْبُ أحْيانًا دُوَلٌ
﴿وَما آتاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وما نَهاكم عَنْهُ فانْتَهُوا﴾ فِيهِ أرْبَعَةُ أوْجُهٍ:
أحَدُها: يَعْنِي ما أعْطاكم مِن مالِ الفَيْءِ فاقْبَلُوهُ، وما مَنَعَكم مِنهُ فَلا تَطْلُبُوهُ، قالَهُ السُّدِّيُّ.
الثّانِي: ما آتاكُمُ اللَّهُ مِن مالِ الغَنِيمَةِ فَخُذُوهُ، وما نَهاكم عَنْهُ مِنَ الغُلُوِّ فَلا تَفْعَلُوهُ، قالَهُ الحَسَنُ.
الثّالِثُ: وما آتاكم مِن طاعَتِي فافْعَلُوهُ، وما نَهاكم عَنْهُ مِن مَعْصِيَتِي فاجْتَنِبُوهُ، قالَهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ.
الرّابِعُ: أنَّهُ مَحْمُولٌ عَلى العُمُومِ في جَمِيعِ أوامِرِهِ ونَواهِيهِ لِأنَّهُ لا يَأْمُرُ إلّا بِصَلاحٍ ولا يَنْهى إلّا عَنْ فَسادٍ.
وَحَكى الكَلْبِيُّ أنَّها نَزَلَتْ في رُؤَساءِ المُسْلِمِينَ قالُوا فِيما ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِن أمْوالِ المُشْرِكِينَ، يا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَفِيكَ والرُّبُعُ ودَعْنا والباقِي فَهَكَذا كُنّا نَفْعَلُ في الجاهِلِيَّةِ وأنْشَدُوهُ
؎ لَكَ المِرْباعُ مِنها والصَّفايا ∗∗∗ وحُكْمُكَ والنَّشِيطَةُ والفَضُولُ.
فَأنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ.
Page 546
59:4
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ شَآقُّواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥۖ وَمَن يُشَآقِّ ٱللَّهَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٤
That is because they opposed Allāh and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allāh - then indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.
59:5
مَا قَطَعۡتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوۡ تَرَكۡتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَىٰٓ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيُخۡزِيَ ٱلۡفَٰسِقِينَ ٥
Whatever you have cut down of [their] palm trees or left standing on their trunks - it was by permission of Allāh and so He would disgrace the defiantly disobedient.
59:6
وَمَآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡهُمۡ فَمَآ أَوۡجَفۡتُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ مِنۡ خَيۡلٖ وَلَا رِكَابٖ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُۥ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ ٦
And what Allāh restored [of property] to His Messenger from them - you did not spur for it [in an expedition] any horses or camels,1 but Allāh gives His messengers power over whom He wills, and Allāh is over all things competent.
1 translator’s note
- Meaning that they went through no hardship (i.e., war) to obtain it. ↩
59:7
مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَيۡ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةَۢ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡأَغۡنِيَآءِ مِنكُمۡۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَٱنتَهُواْۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٧
And what Allāh restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allāh and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives1 and orphans and the needy and the [stranded] traveler2 - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from. And fear Allāh; indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.
2 translator’s notes
Those of Banū Hāshim and Banū Muṭṭalib, whom he (ﷺ) had prohibited from accepting zakāh.
[1655] This ruling concerning properties abandoned by an enemy without a war effort differs from that in Sūrah al-Anfāl, verse 41, which refers to spoils of war in which four fifths is distributed among those who fought in Allāh's cause.
↩- ↩
59:8
لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ ٱلۡمُهَٰجِرِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُخۡرِجُواْ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمۡ وَأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ يَبۡتَغُونَ فَضۡلٗا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضۡوَٰنٗا وَيَنصُرُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّٰدِقُونَ ٨
For the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allāh and [His] approval and supporting [the cause of] Allāh and His Messenger, [there is also a share]. Those are the truthful.
59:9
وَٱلَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُو ٱلدَّارَ وَٱلۡإِيمَٰنَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ يُحِبُّونَ مَنۡ هَاجَرَ إِلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمۡ حَاجَةٗ مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ وَيُؤۡثِرُونَ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ وَلَوۡ كَانَ بِهِمۡ خَصَاصَةٞۚ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفۡسِهِۦ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ ٩
And [also for] those who were settled in the Home [i.e.,al-Madīnah] and [adopted] the faith before them.1 They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what they [i.e., the emigrants] were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful.
1 translator’s note
- Before the settlement of the emigrants (Muhājireen) among the Anṣār, for whom a share is delegated as well. ↩