Al-Mumtahanah 60:10
She that is to be examined · Juz 28 · Page 550
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتُ مُهَٰجِرَٰتٖ فَٱمۡتَحِنُوهُنَّۖ ٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّۖ فَإِنۡ عَلِمۡتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤۡمِنَٰتٖ فَلَا تَرۡجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِۖ لَا هُنَّ حِلّٞ لَّهُمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّۖ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُواْۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّۚ وَلَا تُمۡسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ ٱلۡكَوَافِرِ وَسۡـَٔلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقۡتُمۡ وَلۡيَسۡـَٔلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقُواْۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ حُكۡمُ ٱللَّهِ يَحۡكُمُ بَيۡنَكُمۡۖ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٞ ١٠
O you who have believed, when the believing women come to you as emigrants, examine [i.e., test] them. Allāh is most knowing as to their faith. And if you know them to be believers, then do not return them to the disbelievers; they are not lawful [wives] for them, nor are they lawful [husbands] for them. But give them [i.e., the disbelievers] what they have spent.1 And there is no blame upon you if you marry them when you have given them their due compensation [i.e., mahr]. And hold not to marriage bonds with disbelieving women, but ask for what you have spent and let them [i.e., the disbelievers] ask for what they have spent.2 That is the judgement of Allāh; He judges between you. And Allāh is Knowing and Wise.
2 translator’s notes
For marriage, i.e., compensate their loss.
[1677] When a disbelieving wife chose to join the disbelievers, a Muslim husband could demand in return the equivalent of her mahr. Likewise, the disbelievers had a similar right when a believing woman joined the Muslims. This and the following verses were revealed subsequent to the Treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyyah.
↩- ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
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Commentary on 60:10
﴿يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ سبق إعرابه، ﴿إِذا﴾ ظرفية شرطية غير جازمة ﴿جاءَكُمُ﴾ ماض ومفعوله و ﴿الْمُؤْمِناتُ﴾ فاعل والجملة في محل جر بالإضافة ﴿مُهاجِراتٍ﴾ حال، ﴿فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ﴾ الفاء رابطة وأمر مبني على حذف النون والواو فاعله والهاء مفعوله والجملة جواب الشرط لا محل لها ﴿اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ﴾ مبتدأ وخبره ﴿بِإِيمانِهِنَّ﴾ متعلقان بأعلم والجملة الاسمية اعتراضية لا محل لها، ﴿فَإِنْ﴾ الفاء حرف عطف ﴿إن﴾ شرطية ﴿عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ﴾ ماض وفاعله ومفعول به أول ﴿مُؤْمِناتٍ﴾ مفعول به ثان والجملة ابتدائية لا محل لها. ﴿فَلا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ﴾ الفاء رابطة ومضارع مجزوم بلا الناهية والواو فاعله والهاء مفعوله ﴿إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ﴾ متعلقان بالفعل والجملة في محل جزم جواب الشرط. ﴿لا﴾ نافية ﴿هُنَّ حِلٌّ﴾ مبتدأ وخبره و ﴿لَهُمْ﴾ متعلقان بحل والجملة الاسمية تعليل لا محل لها، ﴿وَ﴾ الواو حرف عطف ﴿لا﴾ نافية ﴿هُمْ﴾ مبتدأ ﴿يَحِلُّونَ﴾ مضارع مرفوع والواو فاعله و ﴿لَهُنَّ﴾ متعلقان بالفعل والجملة الفعلية خبر المبتدأ والجملة الاسمية معطوفة على ما قبلها. ﴿وَ﴾ الواو حرف عطف ﴿آتُوهُمْ﴾ أمر مبني على حذف النون والواو فاعله والهاء مفعوله الأول ﴿ما﴾ مفعوله الثاني والجملة معطوفة على ما قبلها ﴿أَنْفَقُوا﴾ ماض وفاعله والجملة صلة. ﴿وَلا﴾ الواو حرف استئناف ﴿لا﴾ نافية للجنس ﴿جُناحَ﴾ اسمها المبني على الفتح ﴿عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ متعلقان بالخبر المحذوف ﴿أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ﴾ مضارع منصوب بأن والواو فاعله والهاء مفعوله والمصدر المؤول من أن والفعل في محل نصب بنزع الخافض والجار والمجرور متعلقان بالخبر المحذوف، ﴿إِذا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ﴾ إذا ظرف زمان وماض وفاعله ومفعوله الأول ﴿أُجُورَهُنَّ﴾ مفعوله الثاني والجملة في محل جر بالإضافة. ﴿وَلا تُمْسِكُوا﴾ الواو حرف عطف ومضارع مجزوم بلا الناهية والواو فاعله ﴿بِعِصَمِ﴾ متعلقان بالفعل ﴿الْكَوافِرِ﴾ مضاف إليه والجملة معطوفة على ما قبلها. ﴿وَسْئَلُوا﴾ الواو حرف عطف وأمر وفاعله والجملة معطوفة على ما قبلها ﴿ما﴾ مفعول به ﴿أَنْفَقْتُمْ﴾ ماض وفاعله والجملة صلة ﴿وَلْيَسْئَلُوا﴾ حرف عطف ومضارع مجزوم بلام الأمر والواو فاعله والجملة معطوفة على ما قبلها ﴿ما﴾ مفعول به ﴿أَنْفَقُوا﴾ ماض وفاعله والجملة صلة و ﴿ذلِكُمْ حُكْمُ﴾ مبتدأ وخبره ﴿اللَّهُ﴾ لفظ الجلالة مضاف إليه والجملة استئنافية لا محل لها. ﴿يَحْكُمُ﴾ مضارع فاعله مستتر ﴿بَيْنَكُمْ﴾ ظرف مكان والجملة استئنافية لا محل لها. ﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ مبتدأ وخبران والجملة استئنافية لا محل لها.
Page 550
60:6
لَقَدۡ كَانَ لَكُمۡ فِيهِمۡ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةٞ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرۡجُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلۡيَوۡمَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلۡغَنِيُّ ٱلۡحَمِيدُ ٦
There has certainly been for you in them an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allāh and the Last Day. And whoever turns away - then indeed, Allāh is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy.
60:7
۞ عَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن يَجۡعَلَ بَيۡنَكُمۡ وَبَيۡنَ ٱلَّذِينَ عَادَيۡتُم مِّنۡهُم مَّوَدَّةٗۚ وَٱللَّهُ قَدِيرٞۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٧
Perhaps Allāh will put, between you and those to whom you have been enemies among them, affection. And Allāh is competent,1 and Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
1 translator’s note
- To accomplish this or whatever He should will. ↩
60:8
لَّا يَنۡهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ فِي ٱلدِّينِ وَلَمۡ يُخۡرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَٰرِكُمۡ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمۡ وَتُقۡسِطُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِينَ ٨
Allāh does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allāh loves those who act justly.
60:9
إِنَّمَا يَنۡهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ قَٰتَلُوكُمۡ فِي ٱلدِّينِ وَأَخۡرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَٰرِكُمۡ وَظَٰهَرُواْ عَلَىٰٓ إِخۡرَاجِكُمۡ أَن تَوَلَّوۡهُمۡۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمۡ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٩
Allāh only forbids you from those who fight you because of religion and expel you from your homes and aid in your expulsion - [forbids] that you make allies1 of them. And whoever makes allies of them, then it is those who are the wrongdoers.
1 translator’s note
- See footnote to verse 1 of this sūrah. ↩
60:10
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتُ مُهَٰجِرَٰتٖ فَٱمۡتَحِنُوهُنَّۖ ٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّۖ فَإِنۡ عَلِمۡتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤۡمِنَٰتٖ فَلَا تَرۡجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِۖ لَا هُنَّ حِلّٞ لَّهُمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّۖ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُواْۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّۚ وَلَا تُمۡسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ ٱلۡكَوَافِرِ وَسۡـَٔلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقۡتُمۡ وَلۡيَسۡـَٔلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقُواْۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ حُكۡمُ ٱللَّهِ يَحۡكُمُ بَيۡنَكُمۡۖ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٞ ١٠
O you who have believed, when the believing women come to you as emigrants, examine [i.e., test] them. Allāh is most knowing as to their faith. And if you know them to be believers, then do not return them to the disbelievers; they are not lawful [wives] for them, nor are they lawful [husbands] for them. But give them [i.e., the disbelievers] what they have spent.1 And there is no blame upon you if you marry them when you have given them their due compensation [i.e., mahr]. And hold not to marriage bonds with disbelieving women, but ask for what you have spent and let them [i.e., the disbelievers] ask for what they have spent.2 That is the judgement of Allāh; He judges between you. And Allāh is Knowing and Wise.
2 translator’s notes
For marriage, i.e., compensate their loss.
[1677] When a disbelieving wife chose to join the disbelievers, a Muslim husband could demand in return the equivalent of her mahr. Likewise, the disbelievers had a similar right when a believing woman joined the Muslims. This and the following verses were revealed subsequent to the Treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyyah.
↩- ↩
60:11
وَإِن فَاتَكُمۡ شَيۡءٞ مِّنۡ أَزۡوَٰجِكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبۡتُمۡ فَـَٔاتُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتۡ أَزۡوَٰجُهُم مِّثۡلَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنتُم بِهِۦ مُؤۡمِنُونَ ١١
And if you have lost any of your wives to the disbelievers and you subsequently obtain [something],1 then give those whose wives have gone the equivalent of what they had spent. And fear Allāh, in whom you are believers.
1 translator’s note
- From the side of the disbelievers, i.e., war booty or a believing woman seeking refuge with the Muslims. ↩