Al-A'raf 7:167
The Heights · Juz 9 · Page 172
وَإِذۡ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبۡعَثَنَّ عَلَيۡهِمۡ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ مَن يَسُومُهُمۡ سُوٓءَ ٱلۡعَذَابِۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَغَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١٦٧
And [mention] when your Lord declared that He would surely [continue to] send upon them until the Day of Resurrection those who would afflict them with the worst torment. Indeed, your Lord is swift in penalty; but indeed, He is Forgiving and Merciful.
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Al-Qasimi
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Commentary on 7:167
القَوْلُ في تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعالى:
[١٦٧] ﴿وإذْ تَأذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ إلى يَوْمِ القِيامَةِ مَن يَسُومُهم سُوءَ العَذابِ إنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ العِقابِ وإنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾
" ﴿وإذْ تَأذَّنَ رَبُّكَ﴾ أيْ آذَنَ، (كَتَوَعَّدَ بِمَعْنى أوْعَدَ)، مِنَ (الإيذانِ) بِمَعْنى (الإعْلامِ)، أُجْرِي مَجْرى فِعْلِ القَسَمِ، كَعَلِمَ اللَّهُ، وشَهِدَ اللَّهُ. ولِذَلِكَ أُجِيبَ بِما يُجابُ بِهِ القَسَمُ، وهو قَوْلُهُ: " ﴿لَيَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ والمَعْنى: وإذْ خَتَمَ رَبُّكَ وحَكَمَ لَيُسَلِّطَنَّ عَلى اليَهُودِ " ﴿إلى يَوْمِ القِيامَةِ مَن يَسُومُهم سُوءَ العَذابِ﴾ كالإذْلالِ وضَرْبِ الجِزْيَةِ وغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، بِسَبَبِ عِصْيانِهِمْ ومُخالَفَتِهِمْ أوامِرَ اللَّهِ وشَرْعَهُ، واحْتِيالِهِمْ عَلى المَحارِمِ، وقَدْ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَعالى بَعْدَ سُلَيْمانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، بِخْتَنْصَرَ مالِكَ بابِلَ، فَخَرَّبَ دِيارَهُمْ، وقَتَلَ مُقاتَلَتَهُمْ، وسَبى نِساءَهم وذَرارِيَّهُمْ، وضَرَبَ الجِزْيَةَ عَلى مَن بَقِيَ مِنهُمْ، وجَلا كَثِيرًا مِنهم إلى بابِلَ -قَصَبَةَ مَمْلَكَتِهِ- وأقامُوا فِيها سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ تَسَلَّطَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مُلُوكٌ شَتّى، ولَبِثُوا زَمانًا طَوِيلًا يُكابِدُونَ بَلاءً عَنِيفًا، مِن تَواتُرِ الحُرُوبِ عَلى بِلادِهِمْ، إلى أنْ صارُوا جَمِيعًا تَحْتَ سُلْطَةِ الرُّومانِ بَعْدَ وِلادَةِ عِيسى عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ بِإحْدى وسَبْعِينَ سَنَةً، واسْتُؤْصِلُوا مِن أرْضِهِمْ، تَفَرَّقُوا في البِلادِ شَذَرَ مَذَرَ، صاغِرِينَ مَقْهُورِينَ. ومِن ها هُنا، اسْتَدَلَّ مَنِ اسْتَدَلَّ بِأنَّهم لا يَكُونُ لَهم دَوْلَةٌ ولا عِزٌّ، وبِاتِّصالِ ذُلِّهِمْ. " ﴿إنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ العِقابِ﴾ لِمَن أقامَ عَلى كُفْرِهِ، ونَبَذَ وصاياهُ " ﴿وإنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ أيْ لِمَن تابَ وآمَنَ وعَمِلَ صالِحًا.
ثُمَّ أخْبَرَ تَعالى عَنْ تَبَدُّدِهِمْ في الأقْطارِ بِقَوْلِهِ:
Page 172
7:164
وَإِذۡ قَالَتۡ أُمَّةٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوۡمًا ٱللَّهُ مُهۡلِكُهُمۡ أَوۡ مُعَذِّبُهُمۡ عَذَابٗا شَدِيدٗاۖ قَالُواْ مَعۡذِرَةً إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَّقُونَ ١٦٤
And when a community among them said, "Why do you advise [or warn] a people whom Allāh is [about] to destroy or to punish with a severe punishment?" they [the advisors] said, "To be absolved before your Lord and perhaps they may fear Him."
7:165
فَلَمَّا نَسُواْ مَا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِۦٓ أَنجَيۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ يَنۡهَوۡنَ عَنِ ٱلسُّوٓءِ وَأَخَذۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ بِعَذَابِۭ بَـِٔيسِۭ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡسُقُونَ ١٦٥
And when they [i.e., those advised] forgot that by which they had been reminded, We saved those who had forbidden evil and seized those who wronged, with a wretched punishment, because they were defiantly disobeying.
7:166
فَلَمَّا عَتَوۡاْ عَن مَّا نُهُواْ عَنۡهُ قُلۡنَا لَهُمۡ كُونُواْ قِرَدَةً خَٰسِـِٔينَ ١٦٦
So when they were insolent about that which they had been forbidden, We said to them, "Be apes, despised."
7:167
وَإِذۡ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبۡعَثَنَّ عَلَيۡهِمۡ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ مَن يَسُومُهُمۡ سُوٓءَ ٱلۡعَذَابِۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَغَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١٦٧
And [mention] when your Lord declared that He would surely [continue to] send upon them until the Day of Resurrection those who would afflict them with the worst torment. Indeed, your Lord is swift in penalty; but indeed, He is Forgiving and Merciful.
7:168
وَقَطَّعۡنَٰهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أُمَمٗاۖ مِّنۡهُمُ ٱلصَّٰلِحُونَ وَمِنۡهُمۡ دُونَ ذَٰلِكَۖ وَبَلَوۡنَٰهُم بِٱلۡحَسَنَٰتِ وَٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ١٦٨
And We divided them throughout the earth into nations. Of them some were righteous, and of them some were otherwise. And We tested them with good [times] and bad that perhaps they would return [to obedience].
7:169
فَخَلَفَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ خَلۡفٞ وَرِثُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ يَأۡخُذُونَ عَرَضَ هَٰذَا ٱلۡأَدۡنَىٰ وَيَقُولُونَ سَيُغۡفَرُ لَنَا وَإِن يَأۡتِهِمۡ عَرَضٞ مِّثۡلُهُۥ يَأۡخُذُوهُۚ أَلَمۡ يُؤۡخَذۡ عَلَيۡهِم مِّيثَٰقُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أَن لَّا يَقُولُواْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلۡحَقَّ وَدَرَسُواْ مَا فِيهِۗ وَٱلدَّارُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ خَيۡرٞ لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَۚ أَفَلَا تَعۡقِلُونَ ١٦٩
And there followed them successors who inherited the Scripture [while] taking the commodities1 of this lower life and saying, "It will be forgiven for us." And if an offer like it2 comes to them, they will [again] take it. Was not the covenant of the Scripture [i.e., the Torah] taken from them that they would not say about Allāh except the truth, and they studied what was in it? And the home of the Hereafter is better for those who fear Allāh, so will you not use reason?
7:170
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُمَسِّكُونَ بِٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ ٱلۡمُصۡلِحِينَ ١٧٠
But those who hold fast to the Book [i.e., the Qur’ān] and establish prayer - indeed, We will not allow to be lost the reward of the reformers.