Al-A'raf 7:168
The Heights · Juz 9 · Page 172
وَقَطَّعۡنَٰهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أُمَمٗاۖ مِّنۡهُمُ ٱلصَّٰلِحُونَ وَمِنۡهُمۡ دُونَ ذَٰلِكَۖ وَبَلَوۡنَٰهُم بِٱلۡحَسَنَٰتِ وَٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ١٦٨
And We divided them throughout the earth into nations. Of them some were righteous, and of them some were otherwise. And We tested them with good [times] and bad that perhaps they would return [to obedience].
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Commentary on 7:168
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وقَطَّعْناهم في الأرْضِ أُمَمًا مِنهُمُ الصّالِحُونَ ومِنهم دُونَ ذَلِكَ وبَلَوْناهم بِالحَسَناتِ والسَّيِّئاتِ لَعَلَّهم يَرْجِعُونَ﴾
صفحة ٣٦
واعْلَمْ أنَّ قَوْلَهُ:(وقَطَّعْناهم) أحَدُ ما يَدُلُّ عَلى أنَّ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ مِن قَوْلِهِ: ﴿لَيَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ المُرادُ جُمْلَةُ اليَهُودِ، ومَعْنى(قَطَّعْناهم) أيْ فَرَّقْناهم تَفْرِيقًا شَدِيدًا. فَلِذَلِكَ قالَ بَعْدَهُ: ﴿فِي الأرْضِ أُمَمًا﴾ وظاهِرُ ذَلِكَ أنَّهُ لا أرْضَ مَسْكُونَةً إلّا ومِنهم فِيها أُمَّةٌ، وهَذا هو الغالِبُ مِن حالِ اليَهُودِ، ومَعْنى قَطَّعْناهم، فَإنَّهُ قَلَّما يُوجَدُ بَلَدٌ إلّا وفِيهِ طائِفَةٌ مِنهم.
ثُمَّ قالَ: ﴿مِنهُمُ الصّالِحُونَ﴾ قِيلَ المُرادُ القَوْمُ الَّذِينَ كانُوا في زَمَنِ مُوسى - عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ - لِأنَّهُ كانَ فِيهِمْ أُمَّةٌ يَهْدُونَ بِالحَقِّ. وقالَ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ ومُجاهِدٌ: يُرِيدُ الَّذِينَ أدْرَكُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وآمَنُوا، وقَوْلُهُ: ﴿ومِنهم دُونَ ذَلِكَ﴾ أيْ ومِنهم قَوْمٌ دُونَ ذَلِكَ، والمُرادُ مَن أقامَ عَلى اليَهُودِيَّةِ.
فَإنْ قِيلَ: لِمَ لا يَجُوزُ أنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿ومِنهم دُونَ ذَلِكَ﴾ مَن يَكُونُ صالِحًا إلّا أنَّ صَلاحَهُ كانَ دُونَ صَلاحِ الأوَّلِينَ؛ لِأنَّ ذَلِكَ إلى الظّاهِرِ أقْرَبُ ؟
قُلْنا: إنَّ قَوْلَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: ﴿لَعَلَّهم يَرْجِعُونَ﴾ يَدُلُّ عَلى أنَّ المُرادَ بِذَلِكَ مَن ثَبَتَ عَلى اليَهُودِيَّةِ وخَرَجَ مِنَ الصَّلاحِ.
أمّا قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وبَلَوْناهم بِالحَسَناتِ والسَّيِّئاتِ﴾ أيْ عامَلْناهم مُعامَلَةَ المُبْتَلى المُخْتَبَرِ بِالحَسَناتِ، وهي النِّعَمُ والخِصْبُ والعافِيَةُ، والسَّيِّئاتُ هي الجَدْبُ والشَّدائِدُ، قالَ أهْلُ المَعانِي: وكُلُّ واحِدٍ مِنَ الحَسَناتِ والسَّيِّئاتِ يَدْعُو إلى الطّاعَةِ، أمّا النِّعَمُ فَلِأجْلِ التَّرْغِيبِ، وأمّا النِّقَمُ فَلِأجْلِ التَّرْهِيبِ. وقَوْلُهُ:(يَرْجِعُونَ) يُرِيدُ كَيْ يَتُوبُوا.
Page 172
7:164
وَإِذۡ قَالَتۡ أُمَّةٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوۡمًا ٱللَّهُ مُهۡلِكُهُمۡ أَوۡ مُعَذِّبُهُمۡ عَذَابٗا شَدِيدٗاۖ قَالُواْ مَعۡذِرَةً إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَّقُونَ ١٦٤
And when a community among them said, "Why do you advise [or warn] a people whom Allāh is [about] to destroy or to punish with a severe punishment?" they [the advisors] said, "To be absolved before your Lord and perhaps they may fear Him."
7:165
فَلَمَّا نَسُواْ مَا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِۦٓ أَنجَيۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ يَنۡهَوۡنَ عَنِ ٱلسُّوٓءِ وَأَخَذۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ بِعَذَابِۭ بَـِٔيسِۭ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡسُقُونَ ١٦٥
And when they [i.e., those advised] forgot that by which they had been reminded, We saved those who had forbidden evil and seized those who wronged, with a wretched punishment, because they were defiantly disobeying.
7:166
فَلَمَّا عَتَوۡاْ عَن مَّا نُهُواْ عَنۡهُ قُلۡنَا لَهُمۡ كُونُواْ قِرَدَةً خَٰسِـِٔينَ ١٦٦
So when they were insolent about that which they had been forbidden, We said to them, "Be apes, despised."
7:167
وَإِذۡ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبۡعَثَنَّ عَلَيۡهِمۡ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ مَن يَسُومُهُمۡ سُوٓءَ ٱلۡعَذَابِۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَغَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١٦٧
And [mention] when your Lord declared that He would surely [continue to] send upon them until the Day of Resurrection those who would afflict them with the worst torment. Indeed, your Lord is swift in penalty; but indeed, He is Forgiving and Merciful.
7:168
وَقَطَّعۡنَٰهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أُمَمٗاۖ مِّنۡهُمُ ٱلصَّٰلِحُونَ وَمِنۡهُمۡ دُونَ ذَٰلِكَۖ وَبَلَوۡنَٰهُم بِٱلۡحَسَنَٰتِ وَٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ١٦٨
And We divided them throughout the earth into nations. Of them some were righteous, and of them some were otherwise. And We tested them with good [times] and bad that perhaps they would return [to obedience].
7:169
فَخَلَفَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ خَلۡفٞ وَرِثُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ يَأۡخُذُونَ عَرَضَ هَٰذَا ٱلۡأَدۡنَىٰ وَيَقُولُونَ سَيُغۡفَرُ لَنَا وَإِن يَأۡتِهِمۡ عَرَضٞ مِّثۡلُهُۥ يَأۡخُذُوهُۚ أَلَمۡ يُؤۡخَذۡ عَلَيۡهِم مِّيثَٰقُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أَن لَّا يَقُولُواْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلۡحَقَّ وَدَرَسُواْ مَا فِيهِۗ وَٱلدَّارُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ خَيۡرٞ لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَۚ أَفَلَا تَعۡقِلُونَ ١٦٩
And there followed them successors who inherited the Scripture [while] taking the commodities1 of this lower life and saying, "It will be forgiven for us." And if an offer like it2 comes to them, they will [again] take it. Was not the covenant of the Scripture [i.e., the Torah] taken from them that they would not say about Allāh except the truth, and they studied what was in it? And the home of the Hereafter is better for those who fear Allāh, so will you not use reason?
7:170
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُمَسِّكُونَ بِٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ ٱلۡمُصۡلِحِينَ ١٧٠
But those who hold fast to the Book [i.e., the Qur’ān] and establish prayer - indeed, We will not allow to be lost the reward of the reformers.