Al-Anfal 8:18
The Spoils of War · Juz 9 · Page 179
ذَٰلِكُمۡ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُوهِنُ كَيۡدِ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ١٨
That [is so], and [also] that Allāh will weaken the plot of the disbelievers.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Mawardi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 8:17–18
قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وجَلَّ: ﴿فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهم ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمْ﴾ يَحْتَمِلُ وجْهَيْنِ: أحَدُهُما: ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهم بِسَوْقِهِمْ إلَيْكم حَتّى أمْكَنَكم مِنهم.
والثّانِي: ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهم بِمَعُونَتِهِ لَكم حِينَ ألْقى في قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ وفي قُلُوبِكُمُ النَّصْرَ.
وَفِيهِ وجْهٌ ثالِثٌ قالَهُ ابْنُ بَحْرٍ: ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهم بِالمَلائِكَةِ الَّذِينَ أمَدَّكم بِهِمْ.
وَقِيلَ لَمْ تَقْتُلُوهم بِقُوَّتِكم وسِلاحِكم ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ قَتَلَهم بِخِذْلانِهِمْ وقَبْضِ أرْماحِهِمْ.
﴿وَما رَمَيْتَ إذْ رَمَيْتَ ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمى﴾ فِيهِ أرْبَعَةُ أقاوِيلَ: أحَدُها: ما حَكاهُ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ، وعُرْوَةُ، والسُّدِّيُّ: «أنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَبَضَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ قَبْضَةً مِن تُرابٍ رَماهم بِها وقالَ: (شاهَتِ الوُجُوهُ)» أيْ قَبُحَتْ ومِنهُ قَوْلُ الحُطَيْئَةِ:
؎ أرى لِي وجْهًا شَوَّهَ اللَّهُ خَلْقَهُ فَقُبِّحَ مِن وجْهٍ وقُبِّحَ حامِلُهُ
فَألْقى اللَّهُ تَعالى القَبْضَةَ في أبْصارِهِمْ حَتّى شَغَلَتْهم بِأنْفُسِهِمْ وأظْفَرَ اللَّهُ المُسْلِمِينَ بِهِمْ، فَهو مَعْنى قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿وَما رَمَيْتَ إذْ رَمَيْتَ ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمى﴾ الثّانِي: مَعْناهُ وما ظَفِرْتَ إذْ رَمَيْتَ ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أظْفَرَكَ، قالَهُ أبُو عُبَيْدَةَ.
(p-٣٠٥)الثّالِثُ: وما رَمَيْتَ قُلُوبَهم بِالرُّعْبِ إذْ رَمَيْتَ وُجُوهَهم بِالتُّرابِ ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ مَلَأ قُلُوبَهم رُعْبًا.
والقَوْلُ الرّابِعُ: أنَّهُ أرادَ رَمى أصْحابُهُ بِالسَّهْمِ فَأصابَ رَمْيُهم.
وَقَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمى﴾ يَعْنِي بِما أرْسَلَهُ مِنَ الرِّيحِ المُعَيَّنَةِ لِسِهامِهِمْ حَتّى سُدِّدَتْ وأصابَتْ.
والمُرادُ بِالرَّمْيِ الإصابَةُ لِأنَّ مَعْنى الرَّمْيِ مَحْمُولٌ عَلى الإصابَةِ، فَإنْ لَمْ يُصِبْ قِيلَ رَمى فَأخْطَأ.
وَإذا قِيلَ مُطْلَقًا: قَدْ رَمى، لَمْ يُعْقَلْ مِنهُ إلّا الإصابَةُ.
ألا تَرى إلى قَوْلِ امْرِئِ القَيْسِ:
؎ فَرَماها في فَرائِصِها
فاسْتَغْنى بِذِكْرِ الرَّمْيِ عَنْ وصْفِهِ بِالإصابَةِ.
وَقالَ ذُو الرُّمَّةِ في الرَّأْيِ:
؎ رَمى فَأخْطَأ والأقْدارُ غالِبَةٌ ∗∗∗ فانْصاعَ والوَيْلُ هُجَيْراهُ والحَرْبُ
قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وجَلَّ: ﴿وَلِيُبْلِيَ المُؤْمِنِينَ مِنهُ بَلاءً حَسَنًا﴾ قالَ أصْحابُ الخَواطِرِ: البَلاءُ الحَسَنُ ما يُورِثُكَ الرِّضا بِهِ والصَّبْرَ عَلَيْهِ.
وَقالَ المُفَسِّرُونَ: البَلاءُ الحَسَنُ ها هُنا النِّعْمَةُ بِالظَّفَرِ والغَنِيمَةِ.
Page 179
8:17
فَلَمۡ تَقۡتُلُوهُمۡ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمۡۚ وَمَا رَمَيۡتَ إِذۡ رَمَيۡتَ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ رَمَىٰ وَلِيُبۡلِيَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ مِنۡهُ بَلَآءً حَسَنًاۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ١٧
And you did not kill them, but it was Allāh who killed them.1 And you threw not, [O Muḥammad], when you threw, but it was Allāh who threw2 that He might test the believers with a good test.3 Indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
3 translator’s notes
i.e., Your strength was insufficient to overcome them, but Allāh supported you and gave you victory.
[441] When the Prophet (ﷺ) threw a handful of dust into the faces of the disbelievers, Allāh caused it to fill the eyes and nose of every soldier, preventing their advance.
[442] So that they would appreciate Allāh's favor to them.
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8:18
ذَٰلِكُمۡ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُوهِنُ كَيۡدِ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ١٨
That [is so], and [also] that Allāh will weaken the plot of the disbelievers.
8:19
إِن تَسۡتَفۡتِحُواْ فَقَدۡ جَآءَكُمُ ٱلۡفَتۡحُۖ وَإِن تَنتَهُواْ فَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۖ وَإِن تَعُودُواْ نَعُدۡ وَلَن تُغۡنِيَ عَنكُمۡ فِئَتُكُمۡ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَوۡ كَثُرَتۡ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ١٩
If you [disbelievers] seek the decision [i.e., victory] - the decision [i.e., defeat] has come to you. And if you desist [from hostilities], it is best for you; but if you return [to war], We will return, and never will you be availed by your [large] company at all, even if it should increase; and [that is] because Allāh is with the believers.
8:20
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَطِيعُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَلَا تَوَلَّوۡاْ عَنۡهُ وَأَنتُمۡ تَسۡمَعُونَ ٢٠
O you who have believed, obey Allāh and His Messenger and do not turn from him while you hear [his order].
8:21
وَلَا تَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ قَالُواْ سَمِعۡنَا وَهُمۡ لَا يَسۡمَعُونَ ٢١
And do not be like those who say, "We have heard," while they do not hear.
8:22
۞ إِنَّ شَرَّ ٱلدَّوَآبِّ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلصُّمُّ ٱلۡبُكۡمُ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَعۡقِلُونَ ٢٢
Indeed, the worst of living creatures in the sight of Allāh are the deaf and dumb who do not use reason [i.e., the disbelievers].
8:23
وَلَوۡ عَلِمَ ٱللَّهُ فِيهِمۡ خَيۡرٗا لَّأَسۡمَعَهُمۡۖ وَلَوۡ أَسۡمَعَهُمۡ لَتَوَلَّواْ وَّهُم مُّعۡرِضُونَ ٢٣
Had Allāh known any good in them, He would have made them hear. And if He had made them hear, they would [still] have turned away, while they were refusing.
8:24
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱسۡتَجِيبُواْ لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمۡ لِمَا يُحۡيِيكُمۡۖ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَحُولُ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡمَرۡءِ وَقَلۡبِهِۦ وَأَنَّهُۥٓ إِلَيۡهِ تُحۡشَرُونَ ٢٤
O you who have believed, respond to Allāh and to the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life. And know that Allāh intervenes between a man and his heart and that to Him you will be gathered.
8:25
وَٱتَّقُواْ فِتۡنَةٗ لَّا تُصِيبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ مِنكُمۡ خَآصَّةٗۖ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٢٥
And fear a trial1 which will not strike those who have wronged among you exclusively, and know that Allāh is severe in penalty.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., an affliction or punishment during life upon this earth. When corruption spreads among a people, its consequences will affect everyone. ↩