Al-Anfal 8:43
The Spoils of War · Juz 10 · Page 182
إِذۡ يُرِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلٗاۖ وَلَوۡ أَرَىٰكَهُمۡ كَثِيرٗا لَّفَشِلۡتُمۡ وَلَتَنَٰزَعۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَمۡرِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَلَّمَۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمُۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ٤٣
[Remember, O Muḥammad], when Allāh showed them to you in your dream as few; and if He had shown them to you as many, you [believers] would have lost courage and would have disputed in the matter [of whether to fight], but Allāh saved [you from that]. Indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts.
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Commentary on 8:43
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿إذْ يُرِيكَهُمُ اللَّهُ في مَنامِكَ قَلِيلًا ولَوْ أراكَهم كَثِيرًا لَفَشِلْتُمْ ولَتَنازَعْتُمْ في الأمْرِ ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ سَلَّمَ إنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذاتِ الصُّدُورِ﴾
اعْلَمْ أنَّ هَذا هو النَّوْعُ الثّانِي مِنَ النِّعَمِ الَّتِي أنْعَمَ اللَّهُ بِها عَلى أهْلِ بَدْرٍ، وفِيهِ مَسْألَتانِ:
المَسْألَةُ الأُولى: ﴿إذْ يُرِيكَهُمُ اللَّهُ﴾ مَنصُوبٌ بِإضْمارِ اذْكُرْ، أوْ هو بَدَلٌ ثانٍ مِن يَوْمَ الفُرْقانِ أوْ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿لَسَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾ أيْ يَعْلَمُ المَصالِحَ إذْ يُقَلِّلُهم في أعْيُنِكم.
المَسْألَةُ الثّانِيَةُ: قالَ مُجاهِدٌ: أرى اللَّهُ النَّبِيَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ كُفّارَ قُرَيْشٍ في مَنامِهِ قَلِيلًا فَأخْبَرَ بِذَلِكَ أصْحابَهُ. فَقالُوا: رُؤْيا النَّبِيِّ حَقٌّ، القَوْمُ قَلِيلٌ، فَصارَ ذَلِكَ سَبَبًا لِجَراءَتِهِمْ وقُوَّةِ قُلُوبِهِمْ.
فَإنْ قِيلَ: رُؤْيَةُ الكَثِيرِ قَلِيلًا غَلَطٌ، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعالى أنْ يَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ ؟
صفحة ١٣٦
قُلْنا: مَذْهَبُنا أنَّهُ تَعالى يَفْعَلُ ما يَشاءُ ويَحْكُمُ ما يُرِيدُ، وأيْضًا لَعَلَّهُ تَعالى أراهُ البَعْضَ دُونَ البَعْضِ فَحَكَمَ الرَّسُولُ عَلى أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ رَآهم بِأنَّهم قَلِيلُونَ. وعَنِ الحَسَنِ: هَذِهِ الإراءَةُ كانَتْ في اليَقَظَةِ. قالَ: والمُرادُ مِنَ المَنامِ العَيْنُ الَّتِي هي مَوْضِعُ النَّوْمِ.
ثُمَّ قالَ تَعالى: ﴿ولَوْ أراكَهم كَثِيرًا﴾ لَذَكَرْتَهُ لِلْقَوْمِ ولَوْ سَمِعُوا ذَلِكَ لَفَشِلُوا ولَتَنازَعُوا، ومَعْنى التَّنازُعِ في الأمْرِ الِاخْتِلافُ الَّذِي يُحاوِلُ بِهِ كُلُّ واحِدٍ نَزْعَ صاحِبِهِ عَمّا هو عَلَيْهِ، والمَعْنى: لاضْطَرَبَ أمْرُكم واخْتَلَفَتْ كَلِمَتُكُمْ﴿ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ سَلَّمَ﴾ أيْ سَلَّمَكم مِنَ المُخالَفَةِ فِيما بَيْنَكم. وقِيلَ: سَلَّمَ اللَّهُ لَهم أمْرَهم حَتّى أظْهَرَهم عَلى عَدُوِّهِمْ، وقِيلَ: سَلَّمَهم مِنَ الهَزِيمَةِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، والأظْهَرُ أنَّ المُرادَ: ولَكِنَّ اللَّهَ سَلَّمَكم مِنَ التَّنازُعِ﴿إنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذاتِ الصُّدُورِ﴾ يَعْلَمُ ما يَحْصُلُ فِيها مِنَ الجَراءَةِ والجُبْنِ والصَّبْرِ والجَزَعِ.
Page 182
8:41
۞ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَا غَنِمۡتُم مِّن شَيۡءٖ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمۡ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا يَوۡمَ ٱلۡفُرۡقَانِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡتَقَى ٱلۡجَمۡعَانِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ ٤١
And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allāh is one fifth of it and for the Messenger1 and for [his] near relatives2 and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler,3 if you have believed in Allāh and in that which We sent down to Our Servant4 on the day of criterion [i.e., decisive encounter] - the day when the two armies met [at Badr]. And Allāh, over all things, is competent.
8:42
إِذۡ أَنتُم بِٱلۡعُدۡوَةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَهُم بِٱلۡعُدۡوَةِ ٱلۡقُصۡوَىٰ وَٱلرَّكۡبُ أَسۡفَلَ مِنكُمۡۚ وَلَوۡ تَوَاعَدتُّمۡ لَٱخۡتَلَفۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡمِيعَٰدِ وَلَٰكِن لِّيَقۡضِيَ ٱللَّهُ أَمۡرٗا كَانَ مَفۡعُولٗا لِّيَهۡلِكَ مَنۡ هَلَكَ عَنۢ بَيِّنَةٖ وَيَحۡيَىٰ مَنۡ حَيَّ عَنۢ بَيِّنَةٖۗ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَسَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ٤٢
[Remember] when you were on the near side of the valley, and they were on the farther side, and the caravan was lower [in position] than you. If you had made an appointment [to meet], you would have missed the appointment. But [it was] so that Allāh might accomplish a matter already destined - that those who perished [through disbelief] would perish upon evidence and those who lived [in faith] would live upon evidence; and indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
8:43
إِذۡ يُرِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلٗاۖ وَلَوۡ أَرَىٰكَهُمۡ كَثِيرٗا لَّفَشِلۡتُمۡ وَلَتَنَٰزَعۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَمۡرِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَلَّمَۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمُۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ٤٣
[Remember, O Muḥammad], when Allāh showed them to you in your dream as few; and if He had shown them to you as many, you [believers] would have lost courage and would have disputed in the matter [of whether to fight], but Allāh saved [you from that]. Indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts.
8:44
وَإِذۡ يُرِيكُمُوهُمۡ إِذِ ٱلۡتَقَيۡتُمۡ فِيٓ أَعۡيُنِكُمۡ قَلِيلٗا وَيُقَلِّلُكُمۡ فِيٓ أَعۡيُنِهِمۡ لِيَقۡضِيَ ٱللَّهُ أَمۡرٗا كَانَ مَفۡعُولٗاۗ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ ٤٤
And [remember] when He showed them to you, when you met, as few in your eyes, and He made you [appear] as few in their eyes so that Allāh might accomplish a matter already destined. And to Allāh are [all] matters returned.
8:45
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمۡ فِئَةٗ فَٱثۡبُتُواْ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرٗا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ ٤٥
O you who have believed, when you encounter a company [from the enemy forces], stand firm and remember Allāh much that you may be successful.