Al-Anfal 8:55
The Spoils of War · Juz 10 · Page 184
إِنَّ شَرَّ ٱلدَّوَآبِّ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَهُمۡ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ ٥٥
Indeed, the worst of living creatures in the sight of Allāh are those who have disbelieved, and they will not [ever] believe-
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Biqa'i
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Commentary on 8:55
ثُمَّ عَلَّلَ اتِّصافَهم بِالظُّلْمِ أوِ اسْتَأْنَفَ بَيانًا لَهُ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿إنَّ شَرَّ الدَّوابِّ﴾ أيْ: ظَلَمُوا لِأنَّهم كَفَرُوا بِآياتِ رَبِّهِمُ الَّذِي تَفَرَّدَ بِالإحْسانِ إلَيْهِمْ. وشَرُّ الدَّوابِّ ﴿عِنْدَ اللَّهِ﴾ أيْ: في حُكْمِ الحَكَمِ العَدْلِ الَّذِي لَهُ الأمْرُ كُلُّهُ وفي عِلْمِهِ،
﴿الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ أيْ: مِنهم ومِن غَيْرِهِمْ، أيْ: حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِلُزُومِ الكُفْرِ لِما رُكِّبَ فِيهِمْ مِن فَسادِ الأمْزِجَةِ لِعَدَمِ المُلاءَمَةِ لِلْخَيْرِ، فَكانُوا بِذَلِكَ قَدْ نَزَلُوا عَنْ رُتْبَةِ الإنْسانِ إلى رُتْبَةِ مُطْلَقِ الحَيَوانِ، ثُمَّ إلى دَرَكَةِ الحَشَراتِ والدِّيدانِ بَلِ العُجْلانِ؛ لِأنَّ شَرَّ النّاسِ الكُفّارُ، وشَرَّ الكُفّارِ المُصِرُّونَ مِنهُمْ، وشَرَّ المُصِرِّينَ النّاكِثُونَ لِلْعُهُودِ ”فَهُمْ“ أيْ: بِسَبَبِ ذَلِكَ ﴿لا يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ أيْ: لا يَتَجَدَّدُ مِنهم إيمانٌ يَسْتَمِرُّونَ عَلَيْهِ لِما سَبَقَ مِن عِلْمِ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَنْتَفِعُوا بِما أتاهم مِن صِفَةِ الرُّبُوبِيَّةِ فَمَحَقَتْهم صِفَةُ الإلَهِيَّةِ، (p-٣٠٩)ولَعَلَّهُ إنَّما خَصَّ آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ تَذْكِيرًا - لِأكْثَرِ مَن كانَ يَقُولُ: ﴿غَرَّ هَؤُلاءِ دِينُهُمْ﴾ [الأنفال: ٤٩] وهُمُ اليَهُودُ - بِأنَّهم كانُوا بِالنِّسْبَةِ إلى فِرْعَوْنَ وآلِهِ أضْعَفَ مِنَ الصَّحابَةِ رِضْوانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إلى قُرَيْشٍ وأتْباعِهِمْ، فَإنَّ اليَهُودَ مَعَ قِلَّتِهِمْ عِنْدَهم كانُوا قَدْ دانُوا لَهم بِذُلِّ العَبِيدِ لِمَوالِيهِمْ بَلْ أعْظَمَ، ومَعَ ذَلِكَ فَإنَّهم نُصِرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ لَمّا كانَ اللَّهُ مَعَهُمْ، وإعْلامًا لَهم بِأنَّهُمُ الآنَ كَآلِ فِرْعَوْنَ في العِنادِ مَعَ ما هم فِيهِ مِنَ القِلَّةِ والذِّلَّةِ، فَقَدْ جَمَعُوا مِن كُلِّ قَوْمٍ أخَسَّ صِفاتِهِمْ وأرْدَأ حالاتِهِمْ، ولِذَلِكَ أبْدَلَ مِن عُمُومِ ”الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا“:
Page 184
8:53
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَمۡ يَكُ مُغَيِّرٗا نِّعۡمَةً أَنۡعَمَهَا عَلَىٰ قَوۡمٍ حَتَّىٰ يُغَيِّرُواْ مَا بِأَنفُسِهِمۡ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٥٣
That is because Allāh would not change a favor which He had bestowed upon a people until they change what is within themselves. And indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
8:54
كَدَأۡبِ ءَالِ فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡۚ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّهِمۡ فَأَهۡلَكۡنَٰهُم بِذُنُوبِهِمۡ وَأَغۡرَقۡنَآ ءَالَ فِرۡعَوۡنَۚ وَكُلّٞ كَانُواْ ظَٰلِمِينَ ٥٤
[Theirs is] like the custom of the people of Pharaoh and of those before them. They denied the signs of their Lord, so We destroyed them for their sins, and We drowned the people of Pharaoh. And all [of them] were wrongdoers.
8:55
إِنَّ شَرَّ ٱلدَّوَآبِّ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَهُمۡ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ ٥٥
Indeed, the worst of living creatures in the sight of Allāh are those who have disbelieved, and they will not [ever] believe-
8:56
ٱلَّذِينَ عَٰهَدتَّ مِنۡهُمۡ ثُمَّ يَنقُضُونَ عَهۡدَهُمۡ فِي كُلِّ مَرَّةٖ وَهُمۡ لَا يَتَّقُونَ ٥٦
The ones with whom you made a treaty but then they break their pledge every time, and they do not fear Allāh.
8:57
فَإِمَّا تَثۡقَفَنَّهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡحَرۡبِ فَشَرِّدۡ بِهِم مَّنۡ خَلۡفَهُمۡ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَذَّكَّرُونَ ٥٧
So if you, [O Muḥammad], gain dominance over them in war, disperse by [means of] them those behind them that perhaps they will be reminded.1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., kill them and make an example of them to discourage those who follow them. ↩
8:58
وَإِمَّا تَخَافَنَّ مِن قَوۡمٍ خِيَانَةٗ فَٱنۢبِذۡ إِلَيۡهِمۡ عَلَىٰ سَوَآءٍۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلۡخَآئِنِينَ ٥٨
If you [have reason to] fear from a people betrayal, throw [their treaty] back to them, [putting you] on equal terms.1 Indeed, Allāh does not like traitors.
1 translator’s note
- When you see signs of treachery from those with whom you have made a treaty, announce to them its dissolution so they will know exactly where they stand. ↩
8:59
وَلَا يَحۡسَبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ سَبَقُوٓاْۚ إِنَّهُمۡ لَا يُعۡجِزُونَ ٥٩
And let not those who disbelieve think they will escape. Indeed, they will not cause failure [to Allāh].
8:60
وَأَعِدُّواْ لَهُم مَّا ٱسۡتَطَعۡتُم مِّن قُوَّةٖ وَمِن رِّبَاطِ ٱلۡخَيۡلِ تُرۡهِبُونَ بِهِۦ عَدُوَّ ٱللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمۡ وَءَاخَرِينَ مِن دُونِهِمۡ لَا تَعۡلَمُونَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُهُمۡۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِن شَيۡءٖ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ يُوَفَّ إِلَيۡكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تُظۡلَمُونَ ٦٠
And prepare against them whatever you are able of power and of steeds of war1 by which you may terrify the enemy of Allāh and your enemy and others besides them whom you do not know [but] whom Allāh knows. And whatever you spend in the cause of Allāh will be fully repaid to you, and you will not be wronged.
1 translator’s note
- Or equipment which serves the same purpose. ↩
8:61
۞ وَإِن جَنَحُواْ لِلسَّلۡمِ فَٱجۡنَحۡ لَهَا وَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ ٦١
And if they incline to peace, then incline to it [also] and rely upon Allāh. Indeed, it is He who is the Hearing, the Knowing.