At-Tawbah 9:120
The Repentance · Juz 11 · Page 206
مَا كَانَ لِأَهۡلِ ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَهُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ أَن يَتَخَلَّفُواْ عَن رَّسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَرۡغَبُواْ بِأَنفُسِهِمۡ عَن نَّفۡسِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ لَا يُصِيبُهُمۡ ظَمَأٞ وَلَا نَصَبٞ وَلَا مَخۡمَصَةٞ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَطَـُٔونَ مَوۡطِئٗا يَغِيظُ ٱلۡكُفَّارَ وَلَا يَنَالُونَ مِنۡ عَدُوّٖ نَّيۡلًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُم بِهِۦ عَمَلٞ صَٰلِحٌۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٢٠
It was not [proper] for the people of Madīnah and those surrounding them of the bedouins that they remain behind after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allāh or that they prefer themselves over his self.1 That is because they are not afflicted by thirst or fatigue or hunger in the cause of Allāh, nor do they tread on any ground that enrages the disbelievers, nor do they inflict upon an enemy any infliction but that it is registered for them as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allāh does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good.
1 translator’s note
- In times of hardship. Rather, they should have been willing to endure with the Prophet (ﷺ) whatever was necessary for Islām. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Baydawi
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Commentary on 9:120
﴿ما كانَ لأهْلِ المَدِينَةِ ومَن حَوْلَهم مِنَ الأعْرابِ أنْ يَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ﴾ نَهْيٌ عَبَّرَ عَنْهُ بِصِيغَةِ النَّفْيِ لِلْمُبالَغَةِ. ﴿وَلا يَرْغَبُوا بِأنْفُسِهِمْ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ﴾ ولا يَصُونُوا أنْفُسَهم عَمّا لَمْ يَصُنْ نَفْسَهُ عَنْهُ ويُكابِدُوا مَعَهُ ما يُكابِدُهُ مِنَ الأهْوالِ.
رُوِيَ: «أنَّ أبا خَيْثَمَةَ بَلَغَ بُسْتانَهُ، وكانَتْ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ حَسْناءُ فَرَشَتْ لَهُ في الظِّلِّ وبَسَطَتْ لَهُ الحَصِيرَ وقَرَّبَتْ إلَيْهِ الرُّطَبَ والماءَ البارِدَ، فَنَظَرَ فَقالَ: ظَلٌّ ظَلِيلٌ، ورُطَبٌ يانِعٌ وماءٌ بارِدٌ وامْرَأةٌ حَسْناءُ ورَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ في الضِّحِّ والرِّيحِ ما هَذا بِخَيْرٍ، فَقامَ فَرَحَلَ ناقَتَهُ وأخَذَ سَيْفَهُ ورُمْحَهُ ومَرَّ كالرِّيحِ، فَمَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَرْفَهُ إلى الطَّرِيقِ فَإذا بِراكِبٍ يَزْهاهُ السَّرابُ فَقالَ: كُنْ أبا خَيْثَمَةَ فَكانَهُ فَفَرِحَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ واسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ» وفي (لا يَرْغَبُوا) يَجُوزُ النَّصْبُ والجَزْمُ. ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ إشارَةٌ إلى ما دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلُهُ ما كانَ مِنَ النَّهْيِ عَنِ التَّخَلُّفِ أوْ وُجُوبِ المُشايَعَةِ. ﴿بِأنَّهُمْ﴾ بِسَبَبِ أنَّهم. ﴿لا يُصِيبُهم ظَمَأٌ﴾ شَيْءٌ مِنَ العَطَشِ. ﴿وَلا نَصَبٌ﴾ تَعَبٌ. ﴿وَلا مَخْمَصَةٌ﴾ مَجاعَةٌ. ﴿فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ولا يَطَئُونَ﴾ ولا يَدُوسُونَ. ﴿مَوْطِئًا﴾ مَكانًا. ﴿يَغِيظُ الكُفّارَ﴾ يُغْضِبُهم وطْؤُهُ. ﴿وَلا يَنالُونَ مِن عَدُوٍّ نَيْلا﴾ كالقَتْلِ والأسْرِ والنَّهْبِ. ﴿إلا كُتِبَ لَهم بِهِ عَمَلٌ صالِحٌ﴾ إلّا اسْتَوْجَبُوا بِهِ الثَّوابَ وذَلِكَ مِمّا يُوجِبُ المُشايَعَةَ. ﴿إنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُضِيعُ أجْرَ المُحْسِنِينَ﴾ عَلى إحْسانِهِمْ، وهو تَعْلِيلٌ لِـ ﴿كُتِبَ﴾ وتَنْبِيهٌ عَلى أنَّ الجِهادَ إحْسانٌ، أمّا في حَقِّ الكُفّارِ فَلِأنَّهُ سَعى في تَكْمِيلِهِمْ بِأقْصى ما يُمْكِنُ كَضَرْبِ المُداوِي لِلْمَجْنُونِ، وأمّا في حَقِّ المُؤْمِنِينَ فَلِأنَّهُ صِيانَةٌ لَهم عَنْ سَطْوَةِ الكُفّارِ واسْتِيلائِهِمْ.
Page 206
9:118
وَعَلَى ٱلثَّلَٰثَةِ ٱلَّذِينَ خُلِّفُواْ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا ضَاقَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتۡ وَضَاقَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ أَنفُسُهُمۡ وَظَنُّوٓاْ أَن لَّا مَلۡجَأَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَّآ إِلَيۡهِ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ لِيَتُوبُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ١١٨
And [He also forgave] the three who were left alone [i.e., boycotted, regretting their error] to the point that the earth closed in on them in spite of its vastness1 and their souls confined [i.e., anguished] them and they were certain that there is no refuge from Allāh except in Him. Then He turned to them so they could repent. Indeed, Allāh is the Accepting of Repentance,2 the Merciful.
9:119
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَكُونُواْ مَعَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ ١١٩
O you who have believed, fear Allāh and be with those who are true.
9:120
مَا كَانَ لِأَهۡلِ ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَهُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ أَن يَتَخَلَّفُواْ عَن رَّسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَرۡغَبُواْ بِأَنفُسِهِمۡ عَن نَّفۡسِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ لَا يُصِيبُهُمۡ ظَمَأٞ وَلَا نَصَبٞ وَلَا مَخۡمَصَةٞ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَطَـُٔونَ مَوۡطِئٗا يَغِيظُ ٱلۡكُفَّارَ وَلَا يَنَالُونَ مِنۡ عَدُوّٖ نَّيۡلًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُم بِهِۦ عَمَلٞ صَٰلِحٌۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٢٠
It was not [proper] for the people of Madīnah and those surrounding them of the bedouins that they remain behind after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allāh or that they prefer themselves over his self.1 That is because they are not afflicted by thirst or fatigue or hunger in the cause of Allāh, nor do they tread on any ground that enrages the disbelievers, nor do they inflict upon an enemy any infliction but that it is registered for them as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allāh does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good.
1 translator’s note
- In times of hardship. Rather, they should have been willing to endure with the Prophet (ﷺ) whatever was necessary for Islām. ↩
9:121
وَلَا يُنفِقُونَ نَفَقَةٗ صَغِيرَةٗ وَلَا كَبِيرَةٗ وَلَا يَقۡطَعُونَ وَادِيًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُمۡ لِيَجۡزِيَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ أَحۡسَنَ مَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ ١٢١
Nor do they spend an expenditure, small or large, or cross a valley but that it is registered for them that Allāh may reward them for the best of what they were doing.
9:122
۞ وَمَا كَانَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ لِيَنفِرُواْ كَآفَّةٗۚ فَلَوۡلَا نَفَرَ مِن كُلِّ فِرۡقَةٖ مِّنۡهُمۡ طَآئِفَةٞ لِّيَتَفَقَّهُواْ فِي ٱلدِّينِ وَلِيُنذِرُواْ قَوۡمَهُمۡ إِذَا رَجَعُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِمۡ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَحۡذَرُونَ ١٢٢
And it is not for the believers to go forth [to battle] all at once. For there should separate from every division of them a group [remaining] to obtain understanding in the religion and warn [i.e., advise] their people when they return to them that they might be cautious.