At-TawbahJuz 11 · Page 206

At-Tawbah 9:120

The Repentance · Juz 11 · Page 206

مَا كَانَ لِأَهۡلِ ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَهُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ أَن يَتَخَلَّفُواْ عَن رَّسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَرۡغَبُواْ بِأَنفُسِهِمۡ عَن نَّفۡسِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ لَا يُصِيبُهُمۡ ظَمَأٞ وَلَا نَصَبٞ وَلَا مَخۡمَصَةٞ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَطَـُٔونَ مَوۡطِئٗا يَغِيظُ ٱلۡكُفَّارَ وَلَا يَنَالُونَ مِنۡ عَدُوّٖ نَّيۡلًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُم بِهِۦ عَمَلٞ صَٰلِحٌۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٢٠

It was not [proper] for the people of Madīnah and those surrounding them of the bedouins that they remain behind after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allāh or that they prefer themselves over his self.1 That is because they are not afflicted by thirst or fatigue or hunger in the cause of Allāh, nor do they tread on any ground that enrages the disbelievers, nor do they inflict upon an enemy any infliction but that it is registered for them as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allāh does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good.

1 translator’s note
  1. In times of hardship. Rather, they should have been willing to endure with the Prophet (ﷺ) whatever was necessary for Islām. ↩

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Makki ibn Abi Talib

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Commentary on 9:120

قوله: ﴿مَا كَانَ لأَهْلِ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ مِّنَ ٱلأَعْرَابِ أَن يَتَخَلَّفُواْ عَن رَّسُولِ ٱللَّهِ﴾.

يعني: في غزوة تبوك. أي لا ينبغي لهم ذلك، ولا ينبغي لهم [أن ﴿يَرْغَبُواْ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ] عَن نَّفْسِهِ﴾ في الجهاد.

وإنما لم يكن لهم ذلك؛ لأنهم ﴿لاَ يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌ﴾، في سفرهم، أي: عطش، ﴿وَلاَ نَصَبٌ﴾، أي: تعب: ﴿وَلاَ مَخْمَصَةٌ﴾، أي مجاعة ﴿فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ﴾، عز وجل: أي: في إقامة دين الله سبحانه ﴿وَلاَ يَطَأُونَ مَوْطِئاً يَغِيظُ ٱلْكُفَّارَ﴾، أي: لا يطئون أرضاً ﴿يَغِيظُ ٱلْكُفَّارَ﴾، وطؤهم [إياها] ﴿وَلاَ يَنَالُونَ مِنْ عَدُوٍّ نَّيْلاً﴾، أي: في أنفسهم وأموالهم وأولادهم، ﴿إِلاَّ كُتِبَ لَهُمْ﴾، بذلك كله ثواب عمل صالح، ﴿إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لاَ يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾، أي: يجازيهم على أعمالهم.

وهذه الآية مخصوصة للنبي عليه السلام، لم يكن لأحد أن يتخلف عنه إلا من عذر. فأما الآن فبعض الناس يحمل عن بعض. قاله قتادة.

وقال ابن زيد: كانت إذا كان المسلمون قِلة فرضاً، فلما كثروا نسخها: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنفِرُواْ كَآفَّةً﴾، فأباح التخلف لمن شاء.

وقال الطبري معنى الآية: ما كان لأهل المدينة الذين تخلفوا، ولا لمن حولهم من الأعراب الذين تخلفوا، أن يفعلوا ذلك، ولا يرغبوا بأنفسهم عن نفسه.

و "النَّيل" مصدر: "نالني [ينالني] نَيْلاً"، فأنا "مَنِيلٌ".

وليس هو من "التَّنَاولِ"، لأن "التناول" من "النَّوَالِ" يقال منه: "نُلْتُ، أَنُولُ"، من العطية.

Saheeh International · Makki ibn Abi Talib · Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api · Quran Foundation

Page 206

At-TawbahJuz 11 · Page 206

9:118

وَعَلَى ٱلثَّلَٰثَةِ ٱلَّذِينَ خُلِّفُواْ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا ضَاقَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتۡ وَضَاقَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ أَنفُسُهُمۡ وَظَنُّوٓاْ أَن لَّا مَلۡجَأَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَّآ إِلَيۡهِ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ لِيَتُوبُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ١١٨

And [He also forgave] the three who were left alone [i.e., boycotted, regretting their error] to the point that the earth closed in on them in spite of its vastness1 and their souls confined [i.e., anguished] them and they were certain that there is no refuge from Allāh except in Him. Then He turned to them so they could repent. Indeed, Allāh is the Accepting of Repentance,2 the Merciful.

2 translator’s notes
  1. Thus it seemed to them in their extreme distress.

    [506] Refer to footnote in 2:37.

    ↩
  2. ↩

9:119

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَكُونُواْ مَعَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ ١١٩

O you who have believed, fear Allāh and be with those who are true.

9:120

مَا كَانَ لِأَهۡلِ ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَهُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ أَن يَتَخَلَّفُواْ عَن رَّسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَرۡغَبُواْ بِأَنفُسِهِمۡ عَن نَّفۡسِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ لَا يُصِيبُهُمۡ ظَمَأٞ وَلَا نَصَبٞ وَلَا مَخۡمَصَةٞ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَطَـُٔونَ مَوۡطِئٗا يَغِيظُ ٱلۡكُفَّارَ وَلَا يَنَالُونَ مِنۡ عَدُوّٖ نَّيۡلًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُم بِهِۦ عَمَلٞ صَٰلِحٌۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٢٠

It was not [proper] for the people of Madīnah and those surrounding them of the bedouins that they remain behind after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allāh or that they prefer themselves over his self.1 That is because they are not afflicted by thirst or fatigue or hunger in the cause of Allāh, nor do they tread on any ground that enrages the disbelievers, nor do they inflict upon an enemy any infliction but that it is registered for them as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allāh does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good.

1 translator’s note
  1. In times of hardship. Rather, they should have been willing to endure with the Prophet (ﷺ) whatever was necessary for Islām. ↩

9:121

وَلَا يُنفِقُونَ نَفَقَةٗ صَغِيرَةٗ وَلَا كَبِيرَةٗ وَلَا يَقۡطَعُونَ وَادِيًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُمۡ لِيَجۡزِيَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ أَحۡسَنَ مَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ ١٢١

Nor do they spend an expenditure, small or large, or cross a valley but that it is registered for them that Allāh may reward them for the best of what they were doing.

9:122

۞ وَمَا كَانَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ لِيَنفِرُواْ كَآفَّةٗۚ فَلَوۡلَا نَفَرَ مِن كُلِّ فِرۡقَةٖ مِّنۡهُمۡ طَآئِفَةٞ لِّيَتَفَقَّهُواْ فِي ٱلدِّينِ وَلِيُنذِرُواْ قَوۡمَهُمۡ إِذَا رَجَعُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِمۡ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَحۡذَرُونَ ١٢٢

And it is not for the believers to go forth [to battle] all at once. For there should separate from every division of them a group [remaining] to obtain understanding in the religion and warn [i.e., advise] their people when they return to them that they might be cautious.

Makki ibn Abi TalibTafsir · 9:120

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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