At-Tawbah 9:3
The Repentance · Juz 10 · Page 187
وَأَذَٰنٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦٓ إِلَى ٱلنَّاسِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡحَجِّ ٱلۡأَكۡبَرِ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بَرِيٓءٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ وَرَسُولُهُۥۚ فَإِن تُبۡتُمۡ فَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۖ وَإِن تَوَلَّيۡتُمۡ فَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّكُمۡ غَيۡرُ مُعۡجِزِي ٱللَّهِۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ٣
And [it is] an announcement from Allāh and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage1 that Allāh is disassociated from the disbelievers, and [so is] His Messenger. So if you repent, that is best for you; but if you turn away - then know that you will not cause failure to Allāh.2 And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Mawardi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 9:3
قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وجَلَّ: ﴿وَأذانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ورَسُولِهِ إلى النّاسِ﴾ في الأذانِ ها هُنا ثَلاثَةُ أقاوِيلَ: أحَدُها: أنَّهُ القَصَصُ، وهَذا قَوْلٌ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ سُلَيْمانُ بْنُ مُوسى النَّشّابِي.
والثّانِي: أنَّهُ النِّداءُ بِالأمْرِ الَّذِي يُسْمَعُ بِالأُذُنِ، حَكاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسى.
الثّالِثُ: أنَّهُ الإعْلامُ، وهَذا قَوْلُ الكافَّةِ.
وَفي ﴿يَوْمَ الحَجِّ الأكْبَرِ﴾ ثَلاثَةُ أقاوِيلَ: أحَدُها: أنَّهُ يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ، قالَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الخَطّابِ وابْنُ المُسَيِّبِ وعَطاءٌ.
وَرَوى ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ «أنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ وقالَ: (هَذا يَوْمُ الحَجِّ الأكْبَرِ).» والثّانِي: أنَّهُ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ، قالَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أبِي أوْفى والمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ وسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ والشَّعْبِيُّ والنَّخَعِيُّ.
وَرُوِيَ مَرَّةً عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِن أصْحابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قالَ: «خَطَبَنا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلى ناقَتِهِ الحَمْراءِ وقالَ: (أتَدْرُونَ أيَّ يَوْمٍ هَذا؟ هَذا يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ وهَذا يَوْمُ الحَجِّ الأكْبَرِ)» . والثّالِثُ: أنَّها أيّامُ الحَجِّ كُلُّها، فَعَبَّرَ عَنِ الأيّامِ بِاليَوْمِ، قالَهُ مُجاهِدٌ وسُفْيانُ، قالَ سُفْيانُ: كَما يُقالُ يَوْمُ الجَمَلِ ويَوْمُ صِفِّينَ، أيْ أيّامُهُ كُلُّها.
أحَدُها: أنَّهُ سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ لِأنَّهُ كانَ في سَنَةٍ اجْتَمَعَ فِيها حَجُّ المُسْلِمِينَ والمُشْرِكِينَ، ووافَقَ أيْضًا عِيدَ اليَهُودِ والنَّصارى، قالَهُ الحَسَنُ.
والثّانِي: أنَّ الحَجَّ الأكْبَرَ القِرانُ، والأصْغَرَ الإفْرادُ، قالَهُ مُجاهِدٌ.
والثّالِثُ: أنَّ الحَجَّ الأكْبَرَ هو الحَجُّ، والأصْغَرُ هو العُمْرَةُ، قالَهُ عَطاءٌ والشَّعْبِيُّ.(p-٣٤٠)
Page 187
سورة التوبة
At-Tawbah
The Repentance · Medinan · 129 ayahs
9:1
بَرَآءَةٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦٓ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ عَٰهَدتُّم مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ١
[This is a declaration of] disassociation, from Allāh and His Messenger, to those with whom you had made a treaty among the polytheists.1
1 translator’s note
- But who had violated it. ↩
9:2
فَسِيحُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَرۡبَعَةَ أَشۡهُرٖ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّكُمۡ غَيۡرُ مُعۡجِزِي ٱللَّهِ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡزِي ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٢
So travel freely, [O disbelievers], throughout the land [during] four months but know that you cannot cause failure to Allāh and that Allāh will disgrace the disbelievers.
9:3
وَأَذَٰنٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦٓ إِلَى ٱلنَّاسِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡحَجِّ ٱلۡأَكۡبَرِ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بَرِيٓءٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ وَرَسُولُهُۥۚ فَإِن تُبۡتُمۡ فَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۖ وَإِن تَوَلَّيۡتُمۡ فَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّكُمۡ غَيۡرُ مُعۡجِزِي ٱللَّهِۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ٣
And [it is] an announcement from Allāh and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage1 that Allāh is disassociated from the disbelievers, and [so is] His Messenger. So if you repent, that is best for you; but if you turn away - then know that you will not cause failure to Allāh.2 And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment.
9:4
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ عَٰهَدتُّم مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَنقُصُوكُمۡ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَمۡ يُظَٰهِرُواْ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَحَدٗا فَأَتِمُّوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِمۡ عَهۡدَهُمۡ إِلَىٰ مُدَّتِهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ٤
Excepted are those with whom you made a treaty among the polytheists and then they have not been deficient toward you in anything or supported anyone against you; so complete for them their treaty until their term [has ended]. Indeed, Allāh loves the righteous [who fear Him].
9:5
فَإِذَا ٱنسَلَخَ ٱلۡأَشۡهُرُ ٱلۡحُرُمُ فَٱقۡتُلُواْ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ حَيۡثُ وَجَدتُّمُوهُمۡ وَخُذُوهُمۡ وَٱحۡصُرُوهُمۡ وَٱقۡعُدُواْ لَهُمۡ كُلَّ مَرۡصَدٖۚ فَإِن تَابُواْ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَوُاْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ فَخَلُّواْ سَبِيلَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٥
And when the inviolable months1 have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakāh, let them [go] on their way. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
1 translator’s note
- The four months mentioned in verse 2, in which the disbelievers were allowed free movement within the land. Other scholars have interpreted them as "the sacred months," i.e., Muḥarram, Rajab, Dhul-Qaʿdah and Dhul-Ḥijjah. ↩
9:6
وَإِنۡ أَحَدٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ٱسۡتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرۡهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسۡمَعَ كَلَٰمَ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبۡلِغۡهُ مَأۡمَنَهُۥۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ لَّا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٦
And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of Allāh [i.e., the Qur’ān]. Then deliver him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know.