At-Tawbah 9:47
The Repentance · Juz 10 · Page 194
لَوۡ خَرَجُواْ فِيكُم مَّا زَادُوكُمۡ إِلَّا خَبَالٗا وَلَأَوۡضَعُواْ خِلَٰلَكُمۡ يَبۡغُونَكُمُ ٱلۡفِتۡنَةَ وَفِيكُمۡ سَمَّٰعُونَ لَهُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمُۢ بِٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٤٧
Had they gone forth with you, they would not have increased you except in confusion, and they would have been active among you, seeking [to cause] you fitnah [i.e., chaos and dissension]. And among you are avid listeners to them. And Allāh is Knowing of the wrongdoers.
Tafsir · in Arabic
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Commentary on 9:47
قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿لَو خَرجُوا فِيكُم مَا زادوكم إِلَّا خبالا﴾ هَذِه الْآيَة نزلت فِي شَأْن الْمُنَافِقين الَّذين تخلفوا عَن غَزْوَة تَبُوك، وَمعنى قَوْله: ﴿خبالا﴾ أَي: فَسَادًا وشرا، وَمعنى الْفساد: هُوَ إِيقَاع الْجُبْن والفشل بَين الْمُؤمنِينَ.
وَقَوله ﴿ولأوضعوا خلالكم﴾ الإيضاع: هُوَ سرعَة السّير. قَالَ الراجز شعر:
(يَا لَيْتَني فِيهَا جذع ... أخب فِيهَا وأضع)
قَالَ الزّجاج: معنى الْآيَة: أَسْرعُوا فِيمَا يخل بكم. وَقَالَ غَيره: أَسْرعُوا بَيْنكُم بايقاع الْبغضَاء والعداوة بالنميمة، وَنقل الحَدِيث من بعض إِلَى بعض، وعَلى هَذَا قَوْله: ﴿خلالكم﴾ : وسطكم ﴿يبغونكم الْفِتْنَة﴾ يطْلبُونَ لكم الْفِتْنَة، وَفِي الْفِتْنَة مَعْنيانِ: أَحدهمَا: أَنَّهَا الشّرك، وَالْآخر: أَنَّهَا تَفْرِيق الْكَلِمَة.
﴿وَفِيكُمْ سماعون لَهُم﴾ فِيهِ قَولَانِ:
أَحدهمَا: أَن فِيكُم جواسيس لَهُم ينقلون الحَدِيث إِلَيْهِم، وَسُئِلَ ابْن عُيَيْنَة: هَل فِي الْقُرْآن ذكر للجواسيس؟ قَالَ: نعم. وَذكر هَذِه الْآيَة.
وَالْقَوْل الثَّانِي: ﴿وَفِيكُمْ سماعون لَهُم﴾ قَائِلُونَ لَهُم أَي: يقبل مَا يَقُولُونَ، وَمِنْه مَا ورد فِي الصَّلَاة: " سمع الله لمن حَمده " قبل الله لمن حَمده. وَعَن أبي عُبَيْدَة: وَفِيكُمْ سماعون لَهُم: مطيعون لَهُم. وَالْمعْنَى قريب من القَوْل الثَّانِي.
﴿وَالله عليم بالظالمين﴾ مَعْنَاهُ مَعْلُوم. فَإِن قَالَ قَائِل: قد قَالَ فِي أول الْآيَة: ﴿مازادوكم إِلَّا خبالا﴾ وَكَانَ النَّبِي وَأَصْحَابه فِي خبال حَتَّى يزِيدُوا؟
الْجَواب: إِن معنى الْآيَة: مازادوكم قُوَّة؛ بل طلبُوا لكم الخبال.
Page 194
9:41
ٱنفِرُواْ خِفَافٗا وَثِقَالٗا وَجَٰهِدُواْ بِأَمۡوَٰلِكُمۡ وَأَنفُسِكُمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ٤١
Go forth, whether light or heavy,1 and strive with your wealth and your lives in the cause of Allāh. That is better for you, if you only knew.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., young or old, riding or walking, in ease or in hardship - in all circumstances and conditions. ↩
9:42
لَوۡ كَانَ عَرَضٗا قَرِيبٗا وَسَفَرٗا قَاصِدٗا لَّٱتَّبَعُوكَ وَلَٰكِنۢ بَعُدَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلشُّقَّةُۚ وَسَيَحۡلِفُونَ بِٱللَّهِ لَوِ ٱسۡتَطَعۡنَا لَخَرَجۡنَا مَعَكُمۡ يُهۡلِكُونَ أَنفُسَهُمۡ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ إِنَّهُمۡ لَكَٰذِبُونَ ٤٢
Had it been a near [i.e., easy] gain and a moderate trip, they [i.e., the hypocrites] would have followed you, but distant to them was the journey. And they will swear by Allāh,1 "If we were able, we would have gone forth with you," destroying themselves [through false oaths], and Allāh knows that indeed they are liars.
1 translator’s note
- When you return from the Tabūk expedition. ↩
9:43
عَفَا ٱللَّهُ عَنكَ لِمَ أَذِنتَ لَهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ ٱلَّذِينَ صَدَقُواْ وَتَعۡلَمَ ٱلۡكَٰذِبِينَ ٤٣
Allāh has pardoned you, [O Muḥammad, but] why did you give them permission [to remain behind]? [You should not have] until it was evident to you who were truthful and you knew [who were] the liars.
9:44
لَا يَسۡتَـٔۡذِنُكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ أَن يُجَٰهِدُواْ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمُۢ بِٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ٤٤
Those who believe in Allāh and the Last Day would not ask permission of you to be excused from striving [i.e., fighting] with their wealth and their lives. And Allāh is Knowing of those who fear Him.
9:45
إِنَّمَا يَسۡتَـٔۡذِنُكَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَٱرۡتَابَتۡ قُلُوبُهُمۡ فَهُمۡ فِي رَيۡبِهِمۡ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ ٤٥
Only those would ask permission of you who do not believe in Allāh and the Last Day and whose hearts have doubted, and they, in their doubt, are hesitating.
9:46
۞ وَلَوۡ أَرَادُواْ ٱلۡخُرُوجَ لَأَعَدُّواْ لَهُۥ عُدَّةٗ وَلَٰكِن كَرِهَ ٱللَّهُ ٱنۢبِعَاثَهُمۡ فَثَبَّطَهُمۡ وَقِيلَ ٱقۡعُدُواْ مَعَ ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ ٤٦
And if they had intended to go forth, they would have prepared for it [some] preparation. But Allāh disliked their being sent, so He kept them back, and they were told, "Remain [behind] with those who remain."1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., the women and children. ↩
9:47
لَوۡ خَرَجُواْ فِيكُم مَّا زَادُوكُمۡ إِلَّا خَبَالٗا وَلَأَوۡضَعُواْ خِلَٰلَكُمۡ يَبۡغُونَكُمُ ٱلۡفِتۡنَةَ وَفِيكُمۡ سَمَّٰعُونَ لَهُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمُۢ بِٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٤٧
Had they gone forth with you, they would not have increased you except in confusion, and they would have been active among you, seeking [to cause] you fitnah [i.e., chaos and dissension]. And among you are avid listeners to them. And Allāh is Knowing of the wrongdoers.