At-Tawbah 9:60
The Repentance · Juz 10 · Page 196
۞ إِنَّمَا ٱلصَّدَقَٰتُ لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلۡعَٰمِلِينَ عَلَيۡهَا وَٱلۡمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمۡ وَفِي ٱلرِّقَابِ وَٱلۡغَٰرِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۖ فَرِيضَةٗ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٞ ٦٠
Zakāh expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed for it1 and for bringing hearts together [for Islām] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allāh and for the [stranded] traveler - an obligation [imposed] by Allāh. And Allāh is Knowing and Wise.
1 translator’s note
- By the state to collect, guard and distribute the zakāh. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Jalalayn
Brief · The traditional first tafsir: a few words per phrase.
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Commentary on 9:60
﴿إنّما الصَّدَقات﴾ الزَّكَوات مَصْرُوفَة ﴿لِلْفُقَراءِ﴾ الَّذِينَ لا يَجِدُونَ ما يَقَع مَوْقِعًا مِن كِفايَتهمْ ﴿والمَساكِين﴾ الَّذِينَ لا يَجِدُونَ ما يَكْفِيهِمْ ﴿والعامِلِينَ عَلَيْها﴾ أيْ الصَّدَقات مِن جابٍ وقاسِم وكاتِب وحاشِر ﴿والمُؤَلَّفَة قُلُوبهمْ﴾ لِيُسْلِمُوا أوْ يَثْبُت إسْلامهمْ أوْ يَسْلَم نُظَراؤُهُمْ أوْ يَذُبُّوا عَنْ المُسْلِمِينَ أقْسام الأَوَّل والأَخِير لا يُعْطِيانِ اليَوْم عِنْد الشّافِعِيّ رَضِيَ اللَّه تَعالى عَنْهُ لِعَزِّ الإسْلام بِخِلافِ الآخَرَيْنِ فَيُعْطِيانِ عَلى الأَصَحّ ﴿وفِي﴾ فَكّ ﴿الرِّقاب﴾ أيْ المُكاتَبِينَ ﴿والغارِمِينَ﴾ أهْل الدِّين إنْ اسْتَدانُوا لِغَيْرِ مَعْصِيَة أوْ تابُوا ولَيْسَ لَهُمْ وفاء أوْ لِإصْلاحِ ذات البَيْن ولَوْ أغْنِياء ﴿وفِي سَبِيل اللَّه﴾ أيْ القائِمِينَ بِالجِهادِ مِمَّنْ لا فَيْء لَهُمْ ولَوْ أغْنِياء ﴿وابْن السَّبِيل﴾ المُنْقَطِع فِي سَفَره ﴿فَرِيضَة﴾ نُصِبَ بِفِعْلِهِ المُقَدَّر ﴿مِن اللَّه واللَّه عَلِيم﴾ بِخَلْقِهِ ﴿حَكِيم﴾ فِي صُنْعه فَلا يَجُوز صَرْفها لِغَيْرِ هَؤُلاءِ ولا مَنع صِنْف مِنهُمْ إذا وُجِدَ فَيَقْسِمها الإمام عَلَيْهِمْ عَلى السَّواء ولَهُ تَفْضِيل بَعْض آحاد الصِّنْف عَلى بَعْض وأَفادَتْ اللّام وُجُوب اسْتِغْراق أفْراده لَكِنْ لا يَجِب عَلى صاحِب المال إذا قَسَمَ لِعُسْرِهِ بَلْ يَكْفِي إعْطاء ثَلاثَة مِن كُلّ صِنْف ولا يَكْفِي دُونها كَما أفادَتْهُ صِيغَة الجَمْع وبَيَّنَتْ السُّنَّة أنَّ شَرْط المُعْطى مِنها الإسْلام وأَنْ لا يَكُون هاشِمِيًّا ولا مُطَّلِبِيًّا
Page 196
9:55
فَلَا تُعۡجِبۡكَ أَمۡوَٰلُهُمۡ وَلَآ أَوۡلَٰدُهُمۡۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُم بِهَا فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَتَزۡهَقَ أَنفُسُهُمۡ وَهُمۡ كَٰفِرُونَ ٥٥
So let not their wealth or their children impress you. Allāh only intends to punish them through them in worldly life and that their souls should depart [at death] while they are disbelievers.
9:56
وَيَحۡلِفُونَ بِٱللَّهِ إِنَّهُمۡ لَمِنكُمۡ وَمَا هُم مِّنكُمۡ وَلَٰكِنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ يَفۡرَقُونَ ٥٦
And they swear by Allāh that they are from among you while they are not from among you; but they are a people who are afraid.
9:57
لَوۡ يَجِدُونَ مَلۡجَـًٔا أَوۡ مَغَٰرَٰتٍ أَوۡ مُدَّخَلٗا لَّوَلَّوۡاْ إِلَيۡهِ وَهُمۡ يَجۡمَحُونَ ٥٧
If they could find a refuge or some caves or any place to enter [and hide], they would turn to it while they run heedlessly.
9:58
وَمِنۡهُم مَّن يَلۡمِزُكَ فِي ٱلصَّدَقَٰتِ فَإِنۡ أُعۡطُواْ مِنۡهَا رَضُواْ وَإِن لَّمۡ يُعۡطَوۡاْ مِنۡهَآ إِذَا هُمۡ يَسۡخَطُونَ ٥٨
And among them are some who criticize you concerning the [distribution of] charities. If they are given from them, they approve; but if they are not given from them, at once they become angry.
9:59
وَلَوۡ أَنَّهُمۡ رَضُواْ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥ وَقَالُواْ حَسۡبُنَا ٱللَّهُ سَيُؤۡتِينَا ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦ وَرَسُولُهُۥٓ إِنَّآ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ رَٰغِبُونَ ٥٩
If only they had been satisfied with what Allāh and His Messenger gave them and said, "Sufficient for us is Allāh; Allāh will give us of His bounty, and [so will] His Messenger; indeed, we are desirous toward Allāh,"1 [it would have been better for them].
1 translator’s note
- Meaning "We desire Allāh and His grace and acceptance," or "We desire whatever Allāh wills to give us of His bounty." ↩
9:60
۞ إِنَّمَا ٱلصَّدَقَٰتُ لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلۡعَٰمِلِينَ عَلَيۡهَا وَٱلۡمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمۡ وَفِي ٱلرِّقَابِ وَٱلۡغَٰرِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۖ فَرِيضَةٗ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٞ ٦٠
Zakāh expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed for it1 and for bringing hearts together [for Islām] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allāh and for the [stranded] traveler - an obligation [imposed] by Allāh. And Allāh is Knowing and Wise.
1 translator’s note
- By the state to collect, guard and distribute the zakāh. ↩
9:61
وَمِنۡهُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡذُونَ ٱلنَّبِيَّ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٞۚ قُلۡ أُذُنُ خَيۡرٖ لَّكُمۡ يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَيُؤۡمِنُ لِلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَرَحۡمَةٞ لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنكُمۡۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡذُونَ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ ٦١
And among them are those who abuse the Prophet and say, "He is an ear."1 Say, "[It is] an ear of goodness for you that believes in Allāh and believes the believers and [is] a mercy to those who believe among you." And those who abuse the Messenger of Allāh - for them is a painful punishment.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., one who believes everything he hears. ↩