At-Tawbah 9:81
The Repentance · Juz 10 · Page 200
فَرِحَ ٱلۡمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقۡعَدِهِمۡ خِلَٰفَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَكَرِهُوٓاْ أَن يُجَٰهِدُواْ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَقَالُواْ لَا تَنفِرُواْ فِي ٱلۡحَرِّۗ قُلۡ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرّٗاۚ لَّوۡ كَانُواْ يَفۡقَهُونَ ٨١
Those who remained behind1 rejoiced in their staying [at home] after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allāh and disliked to strive with their wealth and their lives in the cause of Allāh and said, "Do not go forth in the heat." Say, "The fire of Hell is more intense in heat" - if they would but understand.
1 translator’s note
- Literally, "were left behind [as Allāh willed]" due to their false excuses having been accepted by the Prophet (ﷺ). While pleased with their assumed deception, in reality, Allāh had prevented their participation knowing of their hypocrisy and evil intent. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ibn al-Jawzi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 9:81
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿فَرِحَ المُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ﴾ يَعْنِي المُنافِقِينَ الَّذِينَ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ في غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ. والمُخَلَّفُ: المَتْرُوكُ خَلْفَ مَن مَضى. "بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ" أيْ: بِقُعُودِهِمْ. وفي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿خِلافَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ﴾ قَوْلانِ.
أحَدُهُما: أنَّ مَعْناهُ: بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قالَهُ أبُو عُبَيْدَةَ.
والثّانِي: أنَّ مَعْناهُ: مُخالَفَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وهو مَنصُوبٌ، لِأنَّهُ مَفْعُولٌ لَهُ، فالمَعْنى: بِأنْ قَعَدُوا لِمُخالَفَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قالَهُ الزَّجّاجُ. وقَرَأ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وابْنُ يَعْمُرَ، والأعْمَشُ، وابْنُ أبِي عَبْلَةَ: "خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ"، ومَعْناها: أنَّهم تَأخَّرُوا عَنِ الجِهادِ.
وَفِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿لا تَنْفِرُوا في الحَرِّ﴾ قَوْلانِ.
أحَدُهُما: أنَّهُ قَوْلُ بَعْضِهِمْ لَبَعْضٍ، قالَهُ ابْنُ إسْحاقَ، ومُقاتِلٌ.
والثّانِي: أنَّهم قالُوهُ لَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، ذَكَرَهُ الماوَرْدِيُّ.
وَإنَّما قالُوا هَذا، لِأنَّ الزَّمانَ كانَ حِينَئِذٍ شَدِيدَ الحَرِّ. ﴿قُلْ نارُ جَهَنَّمَ أشَدُّ حَرًّا﴾ لِمَن خالَفَ أمْرَ اللَّهِ.
وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿يَفْقَهُونَ﴾ مَعْناهُ: يَعْلَمُونَ. قالَ ابْنُ فارِسٍ: الفِقْهُ: العِلْمُ بِالشَّيْءِ. تَقُولُ: فَقِهْتُ الحَدِيثَ أفْقَهُهُ؛ وكُلُّ عِلْمٍ بِشَيْءٍ: فِقْهٌ ثُمَّ اخْتُصَّ بِهِ عِلْمُ الشَّرِيعَةِ، فَقِيلَ لَكُلِّ عالِمٍ بِها: فَقِيهٌ.
قالَ المُصَنَّفُ: وقالَ شَيْخُنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ: الفِقْهُ في إطْلاقِ اللُّغَةِ: الفَهْمُ، وفي عُرْفِ الشَّرِيعَةِ: عِبارَةٌ عَنْ مَعْرِفَةِ الأحْكامِ الشَّرْعِيَّةِ المُتَعَلِّقَةِ بِأفْعالِ (p-٤٧٩)المُكَلَّفِينَ، بِنَحْوِ التَّحْلِيلِ، والتَّحْرِيمِ، والإيجابِ، والإجْزاءِ، والصِّحَّةِ، والفَسادِ، والغُرْمِ، والضَّمانِ، وغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ. وبَعْضُهم يَخْتارُ أنْ يُقالَ: الفِقْهُ: فَهُمُ الشَّيْءِ. وبَعْضُهم يَخْتارُ أنْ يُقالَ: عِلْمُ الشَّيْءِ.
Page 200
9:80
ٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُمۡ أَوۡ لَا تَسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُمۡ إِن تَسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُمۡ سَبۡعِينَ مَرَّةٗ فَلَن يَغۡفِرَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُمۡۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ كَفَرُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلۡفَٰسِقِينَ ٨٠
Ask forgiveness for them, [O Muḥammad], or do not ask forgiveness for them. If you should ask forgiveness for them seventy times - never will Allāh forgive them. That is because they disbelieved in Allāh and His Messenger, and Allāh does not guide the defiantly disobedient people.
9:81
فَرِحَ ٱلۡمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقۡعَدِهِمۡ خِلَٰفَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَكَرِهُوٓاْ أَن يُجَٰهِدُواْ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَقَالُواْ لَا تَنفِرُواْ فِي ٱلۡحَرِّۗ قُلۡ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرّٗاۚ لَّوۡ كَانُواْ يَفۡقَهُونَ ٨١
Those who remained behind1 rejoiced in their staying [at home] after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allāh and disliked to strive with their wealth and their lives in the cause of Allāh and said, "Do not go forth in the heat." Say, "The fire of Hell is more intense in heat" - if they would but understand.
1 translator’s note
- Literally, "were left behind [as Allāh willed]" due to their false excuses having been accepted by the Prophet (ﷺ). While pleased with their assumed deception, in reality, Allāh had prevented their participation knowing of their hypocrisy and evil intent. ↩
9:82
فَلۡيَضۡحَكُواْ قَلِيلٗا وَلۡيَبۡكُواْ كَثِيرٗا جَزَآءَۢ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ ٨٢
So let them laugh a little and [then] weep much as recompense for what they used to earn.
9:83
فَإِن رَّجَعَكَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَىٰ طَآئِفَةٖ مِّنۡهُمۡ فَٱسۡتَـٔۡذَنُوكَ لِلۡخُرُوجِ فَقُل لَّن تَخۡرُجُواْ مَعِيَ أَبَدٗا وَلَن تُقَٰتِلُواْ مَعِيَ عَدُوًّاۖ إِنَّكُمۡ رَضِيتُم بِٱلۡقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٖ فَٱقۡعُدُواْ مَعَ ٱلۡخَٰلِفِينَ ٨٣
If Allāh should return you to a faction of them [after the expedition] and then they ask your permission to go out [to battle], say, "You will not go out with me, ever, and you will never fight with me an enemy. Indeed, you were satisfied with sitting [at home] the first time, so sit [now] with those who stay behind."
9:84
وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَىٰٓ أَحَدٖ مِّنۡهُم مَّاتَ أَبَدٗا وَلَا تَقُمۡ عَلَىٰ قَبۡرِهِۦٓۖ إِنَّهُمۡ كَفَرُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَمَاتُواْ وَهُمۡ فَٰسِقُونَ ٨٤
And do not pray [the funeral prayer, O Muḥammad], over any of them who has died - ever - or stand at his grave. Indeed, they disbelieved in Allāh and His Messenger and died while they were defiantly disobedient.
9:85
وَلَا تُعۡجِبۡكَ أَمۡوَٰلُهُمۡ وَأَوۡلَٰدُهُمۡۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُعَذِّبَهُم بِهَا فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَتَزۡهَقَ أَنفُسُهُمۡ وَهُمۡ كَٰفِرُونَ ٨٥
And let not their wealth and their children impress you. Allāh only intends to punish them through them in this world and that their souls should depart [at death] while they are disbelievers.
9:86
وَإِذَآ أُنزِلَتۡ سُورَةٌ أَنۡ ءَامِنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَجَٰهِدُواْ مَعَ رَسُولِهِ ٱسۡتَـٔۡذَنَكَ أُوْلُواْ ٱلطَّوۡلِ مِنۡهُمۡ وَقَالُواْ ذَرۡنَا نَكُن مَّعَ ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ ٨٦
And when a sūrah was revealed [enjoining them] to believe in Allāh and to fight with His Messenger, those of wealth among them asked your permission [to stay back] and said, "Leave us to be with them who sit [at home]."