Ан-Нахль 16:60
Пчелы · Джуз 14 · Страница 273
لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ مَثَلُ ٱلسَّوۡءِۖ وَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡمَثَلُ ٱلۡأَعۡلَىٰۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٦٠
For those who do not believe in the Hereafter is the description [i.e., an attribute] of evil;1 and for Allāh is the highest attribute. And He is Exalted in Might, the Wise.
1 примечание переводчика
- Such as that described in the previous two verses. ↩
Тафсир · на английском
Ибн Касир (сокращённый)
Средний · Классика в сокращении: аят через другие аяты и хадисы.
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Комментарий к аятам 16:56–60
Among the Behavior of the Idolators was vowing to Things that Allah had provided for Them to their gods
Allah tells us about some of the heinous deeds of those who used to perform baseless worship of other gods besides Him, such as idols and statues, with no grounds for doing so. They gave their idols a share of that which Allah had provided for them,
فَقَالُواْ هَذَا لِلَّهِ بِزَعْمِهِمْ وَهَذَا لِشُرَكَآئِنَا فَمَا كَانَ لِشُرَكَآئِهِمْ فَلاَ يَصِلُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَمَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ فَهُوَ يَصِلُ إِلَى شُرَكَآئِهِمْ سَآءَ مَا يَحْكُمُونَ
(They say: "This is for Allah," according to their claim, "and this is for our partners." But the share of their "partners" is not directed to Allah, while the share of Allah is directed to their "partners"! How evil is that with which they judge) (6:136) That is they assigned a share for their idols as well as Allah, but they gave preference to their gods over Him, so Allah swore by His Almighty Self to question them about these lies and fabrications. He will most certainly call them to account for it and give them the unrelenting punishment in the fire of Hell. So He says,
تَاللَّهِ لَتُسَْلُنَّ عَمَّا كُنْتُمْ تَفْتَرُونَ
(By Allah, you shall certainly be questioned about (all) that you used to fabricate.) Then Allah tells us how they used to regard the angels, who are servants of the Most Merciful, as being female, and that they considered them to be Allah's daughters, and they worshipped them with Him. In all of the above, they made very serious errors. They attributed offspring to Him when He has no offspring, then they assigned Him the kind of offspring they regarded as inferior, namely daughters, which they did not even want for themselves, as He said:
أَلَكُمُ الذَّكَرُ وَلَهُ الأنْثَى - تِلْكَ إِذًا قِسْمَةٌ ضِيزَى
(Are the males for you and the females for Him That is indeed an unfair division!) (53:21-22) And Allah says here:
وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ الْبَنَتِ سُبْحَانَهُ
(And they assign daughters unto Allah! Glorified (and Exalted) is He.) meaning, above their claims and fabrications.
أَلاَ إِنَّهُم مِّنْ إِفْكِهِمْ لَيَقُولُونَ - وَلَدَ اللَّهُ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَذِبُونَ - أَصْطَفَى الْبَنَاتِ عَلَى الْبَنِينَ مَا لَكُمْ كَيْفَ تَحْكُمُونَ
(But no! It is from their falsehood that they say: "Allah has begotten." They are certainly liars! Has He (then) chosen daughters rather than sons What is the matter with you How do you decide) (37:151-154)
وَلَهُمْ مَّا يَشْتَهُونَ
(And for themselves, what they desire;) meaning they choose the males for themselves, rejecting the daughters that they assign to Allah. Exalted be Allah far above what they say!
The Idolators' Abhorrence for Daughters
وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُمْ بِالأنْثَى ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا
(And when the news of (the birth of) a female (child) is brought to any of them, his face becomes dark) meaning with distress and grief.
وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ
(and he is filled with inner grief!) meaning he is silent because of the intensity of the grief he feels.
يَتَوَارَى مِنَ الْقَوْمِ
(He hides himself from the people) meaning he does not want anyone to see him.
مِن سُوءِ مَا بُشِّرَ بِهِ أَيُمْسِكُهُ عَلَى هُونٍ أَمْ يَدُسُّهُ فِى التُّرَابِ
(because of the evil of that whereof he has been informed. Shall he keep her with dishonor or bury her in the earth) meaning should he keep her, humiliating her, not letting her inherit from him and not taking care of her, preferring his male children over her
أَمْ يَدُسُّهُ فِى التُّرَابِ
(or bury her in the earth) meaning bury her alive, as they used to do during the days of ignorance. How could they dislike something so intensely, yet attribute it to Allah
أَلاَ سَآءَ مَا يَحْكُمُونَ
(Certainly, evil is their decision.) meaning how evil are the words they say, the way they want to share things out and the things they attribute to Him. As Allah says:
وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُم بِمَا ضَرَبَ لِلرَّحْمَنِ مَثَلاً ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدّاً وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ
(And if one of them is informed of the news of (the birth of a girl) that which he sets forth as a parable to the Most Gracious (Allah), his face becomes dark, and he is filled with grief!) (43:17). Here, Allah says:
لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالآخِرَةِ مَثَلُ السَّوْءِ
(For those who do not believe in the Hereafter there is an evil description,) meaning, only imperfection is to be attributed to
وَلِلَّهِ الْمَثَلُ الْأَعْلَىٰ
(and for Allah is the highest description) meaning He is absolutely perfect in all ways and this absolute perfection is His Alone.
وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
(And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.)
Страница 273
16:55
لِيَكۡفُرُواْ بِمَآ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمۡۚ فَتَمَتَّعُواْ فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ ٥٥
чтобы не уверовать в то, что Мы даровали им. Пользуйтесь благами, и скоро вы узнаете.
16:56
وَيَجۡعَلُونَ لِمَا لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ نَصِيبٗا مِّمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰهُمۡۗ تَٱللَّهِ لَتُسۡـَٔلُنَّ عَمَّا كُنتُمۡ تَفۡتَرُونَ ٥٦
Они отдают долю из того, чем Мы их наделили, ради того, что им неизвестно. Клянусь Аллахом, вы будете спрошены обо всем, что измышляете!
16:57
وَيَجۡعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ ٱلۡبَنَٰتِ سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥ وَلَهُم مَّا يَشۡتَهُونَ ٥٧
Они приписывают Аллаху дочерей. Пречист Он! Себе же они оставляют тех, кого хотят.
16:58
وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُم بِٱلۡأُنثَىٰ ظَلَّ وَجۡهُهُۥ مُسۡوَدّٗا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٞ ٥٨
Когда кому-либо из них сообщают весть о девочке, лицо его чернеет, и он сдерживает свой гнев.
16:59
يَتَوَٰرَىٰ مِنَ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ مِن سُوٓءِ مَا بُشِّرَ بِهِۦٓۚ أَيُمۡسِكُهُۥ عَلَىٰ هُونٍ أَمۡ يَدُسُّهُۥ فِي ٱلتُّرَابِۗ أَلَا سَآءَ مَا يَحۡكُمُونَ ٥٩
Он прячется от людей из-за дурной вести. Оставит ли он себе ребенка с позором или же закопает ее в землю? Воистину, скверны их решения!
16:60
لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ مَثَلُ ٱلسَّوۡءِۖ وَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡمَثَلُ ٱلۡأَعۡلَىٰۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٦٠
Скверно описание тех, кто не верует в Последнюю жизнь, а описание Аллаха - самое возвышенное, ведь Он - Могущественный, Мудрый.
16:61
وَلَوۡ يُؤَاخِذُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّاسَ بِظُلۡمِهِم مَّا تَرَكَ عَلَيۡهَا مِن دَآبَّةٖ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَخِّرُهُمۡ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗىۖ فَإِذَا جَآءَ أَجَلُهُمۡ لَا يَسۡتَـٔۡخِرُونَ سَاعَةٗ وَلَا يَسۡتَقۡدِمُونَ ٦١
Если бы Аллах стал наказывать людей за их несправедливость, то не оставил бы на земле ни одного живого существа. Однако Он предоставляет им отсрочку до назначенного срока. Когда же наступит их срок, они не смогут отдалить или приблизить его даже на час.
16:62
وَيَجۡعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ مَا يَكۡرَهُونَۚ وَتَصِفُ أَلۡسِنَتُهُمُ ٱلۡكَذِبَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلنَّارَ وَأَنَّهُم مُّفۡرَطُونَ ٦٢
Они приписывают Аллаху то, что им самим неприятно. Их языки лживо возвещают о том, что им уготовано наилучшее. Несомненно, им уготован Огонь, и они будут покинуты.
16:63
تَٱللَّهِ لَقَدۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَآ إِلَىٰٓ أُمَمٖ مِّن قَبۡلِكَ فَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ أَعۡمَٰلَهُمۡ فَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُمُ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ ٦٣
Клянусь Аллахом, Мы до тебя направляли посланников к народам, но дьявол приукрасил для них их деяния. Сегодня он является их покровителем и помощником, и им уготованы мучительные страдания.
16:64
وَمَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ إِلَّا لِتُبَيِّنَ لَهُمُ ٱلَّذِي ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ وَهُدٗى وَرَحۡمَةٗ لِّقَوۡمٖ يُؤۡمِنُونَ ٦٤
Мы ниспослали тебе Писание, дабы ты разъяснил им то, в чем они разошлись во мнениях, а также как руководство к прямому пути и милость для верующих людей.