Аль-Кахф 18:33
Пещера · Джуз 15 · Страница 297
كِلۡتَا ٱلۡجَنَّتَيۡنِ ءَاتَتۡ أُكُلَهَا وَلَمۡ تَظۡلِم مِّنۡهُ شَيۡـٔٗاۚ وَفَجَّرۡنَا خِلَٰلَهُمَا نَهَرٗا ٣٣
Each of the two gardens produced its fruit and did not fall short thereof in anything. And We caused to gush forth within them a river.
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Комментарий к аятам 18:32–36
The Example of the Rich Idolators and the Poor Muslims
After mentioning the idolators who were too arrogant to sit with the poor and weak among Muslims, showing off before them with their wealth and noble lineage, Allah then gives a parable for them of two men, one of whom Allah gave two gardens of grapes, surrounded with palm trees and cultivated with crops throughout. All of the trees and plants were abundantly fruitful, providing readily accessible, good quality produce. Allah says:
كِلْتَا الْجَنَّتَيْنِ آتَتْ أُكُلَهَا
(Each of those two gardens brought forth its produce,) meaning, produced its fruits,
وَلَمْ تَظْلِمِ مِّنْهُ شَيْئًا
(and failed not in the least therein,) meaning, nothing at all was diminishing.
وَفَجَّرْنَا خِلَلَهُمَا نَهَراً
(and We caused a river to gush forth in the midst of both.) means, rivers were flowing through them here and there.
وَكَانَ لَهُ ثَمَرٌ
(And he had Thamar,) It was said that what was meant here was wealth, and it was said that what was meant were fruits, which is the more apparent meaning here. This is also supported by the alternative recitation, Thumr, which is the plural of Thamrah (fruit) just as Khushb is the plural of Khashab (wood). Others recite it as Thamar.
فَقَالَ
(and he said) the owner of the two gardens
لَصَحِبِهِ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ
(to his companion in the course of discussion) means, while he was disputing with him and boasting to him and showing off,
أَنَاْ أَكْثَرُ مِنكَ مَالاً وَأَعَزُّ نَفَراً
(I am greater than you in wealth and have a mightier entourage.) meaning, `I have more servants, attendants and children.' Qatadah said, "This, by Allah, is the wish of the immoral to have a lot of wealth and a large entourage. R
وَدَخَلَ جَنَّتَهُ وَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ لِّنَفْسِهِ
(And he went into his garden having been unjust to himself.) meaning, in his disbelief, rebellion, arrogance and denial of the Hereafter.
قَالَ مَآ أَظُنُّ أَن تَبِيدَ هَذِهِ أَبَداً
(He said: "I do not think this will ever perish.") Thus he was allowing himself to be deceived because of the plants, fruits and trees that he saw, and the rivers flowing through the different parts of his gardens. He thought that it could never come to an end or cease or be destroyed. This was because of his lack of understanding and the weakness of his faith in Allah, and because he was enamored with this world and its adornments, and because he disbelieved in the Hereafter. So he said:
وَمَآ أَظُنُّ السَّاعَةَ قَائِمَةً
("And I do not think the Hour will ever come...") meaning, will ever happen
وَلَئِن رُّدِدتُّ إِلَى رَبِّى لأَجِدَنَّ خَيْراً مِّنْهَا مُنْقَلَباً
(and if indeed I am brought back to my Lord, I surely shall find better than this when I return to Him.) meaning, `if there is a Hereafter and a return to Allah, then I will have a better share than this with my Lord, for if it were not that I am dear to Him, He would not have given me all this.' As Allah says elsewhere:
وَلَئِن رُّجِّعْتُ إِلَى رَبِّى إِنَّ لِى عِندَهُ لَلْحُسْنَى
(But if I am brought back to my Lord, surely there will be for me the best with Him.) 41:50
أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِى كَفَرَ بَِايَتِنَا وَقَالَ لأوتَيَنَّ مَالاً وَوَلَداً
(Have you seen him who disbelieved in Our Ayat and said: "I shall certainly be given wealth and children if I will be alive again).")19:77 He took it for granted that Allah would give him this, without any sound evidence for that. The reason why this Ayah was revea- led was because of Al-`As bin Wa'il, as we will explain in the appropriate place, if Allah wills. In Allah we put our trust.
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18:28
وَٱصۡبِرۡ نَفۡسَكَ مَعَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَدۡعُونَ رَبَّهُم بِٱلۡغَدَوٰةِ وَٱلۡعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجۡهَهُۥۖ وَلَا تَعۡدُ عَيۡنَاكَ عَنۡهُمۡ تُرِيدُ زِينَةَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ وَلَا تُطِعۡ مَنۡ أَغۡفَلۡنَا قَلۡبَهُۥ عَن ذِكۡرِنَا وَٱتَّبَعَ هَوَىٰهُ وَكَانَ أَمۡرُهُۥ فُرُطٗا ٢٨
Будь же терпелив вместе с теми, которые взывают к своему Господу по утрам и перед закатом и стремятся к Его Лику. Не отвращай от них своего взора, желая украшений этого мира, и не повинуйся тем, чьи сердца Мы сделали небрежными к Нашему поминанию, кто потакает своим желаниям и чьи дела окажутся тщетными.
18:29
وَقُلِ ٱلۡحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكُمۡۖ فَمَن شَآءَ فَلۡيُؤۡمِن وَمَن شَآءَ فَلۡيَكۡفُرۡۚ إِنَّآ أَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلظَّٰلِمِينَ نَارًا أَحَاطَ بِهِمۡ سُرَادِقُهَاۚ وَإِن يَسۡتَغِيثُواْ يُغَاثُواْ بِمَآءٖ كَٱلۡمُهۡلِ يَشۡوِي ٱلۡوُجُوهَۚ بِئۡسَ ٱلشَّرَابُ وَسَآءَتۡ مُرۡتَفَقًا ٢٩
Скажи: «Истина - от вашего Господа. Кто хочет, пусть верует, а кто не хочет, пусть не верует». Мы приготовили для беззаконников Огонь, стены которого будут окружать их со всех сторон. Если они станут просить о помощи (или дожде), то им помогут водой, подобной расплавленному металлу (или осадку масла), которая обжигает лицо. Мерзкий напиток и скверная обитель!
18:30
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ مَنۡ أَحۡسَنَ عَمَلًا ٣٠
А что до тех, которые уверовали и совершали праведные деяния, то ведь Мы не теряем награды тех, кто совершал добро.
18:31
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ جَنَّٰتُ عَدۡنٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهِمُ ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ يُحَلَّوۡنَ فِيهَا مِنۡ أَسَاوِرَ مِن ذَهَبٖ وَيَلۡبَسُونَ ثِيَابًا خُضۡرٗا مِّن سُندُسٖ وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٖ مُّتَّكِـِٔينَ فِيهَا عَلَى ٱلۡأَرَآئِكِۚ نِعۡمَ ٱلثَّوَابُ وَحَسُنَتۡ مُرۡتَفَقٗا ٣١
Именно им уготованы сады Эдема, в которых текут реки. Они будут украшены золотыми браслетами и облачены в зеленые одеяния из атласа и парчи. Они будут возлежать там на ложах, прислонившись. Замечательное вознаграждение и прекрасная обитель!
18:32
۞ وَٱضۡرِبۡ لَهُم مَّثَلٗا رَّجُلَيۡنِ جَعَلۡنَا لِأَحَدِهِمَا جَنَّتَيۡنِ مِنۡ أَعۡنَٰبٖ وَحَفَفۡنَٰهُمَا بِنَخۡلٖ وَجَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَهُمَا زَرۡعٗا ٣٢
Приведи им притчу о двух мужах. Одному из них Мы устроили два виноградника, оградили их финиковыми пальмами и поместили между ними ниву.
18:33
كِلۡتَا ٱلۡجَنَّتَيۡنِ ءَاتَتۡ أُكُلَهَا وَلَمۡ تَظۡلِم مِّنۡهُ شَيۡـٔٗاۚ وَفَجَّرۡنَا خِلَٰلَهُمَا نَهَرٗا ٣٣
Оба сада приносили плоды, и ничто из них не пропадало, а между ними Мы проложили реку.
18:34
وَكَانَ لَهُۥ ثَمَرٞ فَقَالَ لِصَٰحِبِهِۦ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُۥٓ أَنَا۠ أَكۡثَرُ مِنكَ مَالٗا وَأَعَزُّ نَفَرٗا ٣٤
У него были плоды (или богатство), и он сказал своему товарищу, беседуя с ним: «У меня больше имущества и помощников, чем у тебя».