Al-Qasas 28:14
The Stories · Juz 20 · Page 387
وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥ وَٱسۡتَوَىٰٓ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ حُكۡمٗا وَعِلۡمٗاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٤
And when he attained his full strength and was [mentally] mature, We bestowed upon him judgement and knowledge. And thus do We reward the doers of good.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ibn 'Ashur
Detailed
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Commentary on 28:14
﴿ولَمّا بَلَغَ أشُدَّهُ واسْتَوى آتَيْناهُ حُكْمًا وعِلْمًا وكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي المُحْسِنِينَ﴾ هَذا اعْتِراضٌ بَيْنَ أجْزاءِ القِصَّةِ المُرَتَّبَةِ عَلى حَسَبِ ظُهُورِها في الخارِجِ. وهَذا الِاعْتِراضُ نَشَأ عَنْ جُمْلَةِ ﴿ولِتَعْلَمَ أنَّ وعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ﴾ [القصص: ١٣] فَإنَّ وعْدَ اللَّهِ لَها قَدْ حُكِيَ في قَوْلِهِ تَعالى ﴿إنّا رادُّوهُ إلَيْكِ وجاعِلُوهُ مِنَ المُرْسَلِينَ﴾ [القصص: ٧] . فَلَمّا انْتَهى إلى حِكايَةِ رَدِّهِ إلى أُمِّهِ بِقَوْلِهِ ﴿فَرَدَدْناهُ إلى أُمِّهِ كَيْ تَقَرَّ عَيْنُها﴾ [القصص: ١٣] إلى آخِرِهِ كَمَّلَ ما فِيهِ وفاءُ وعْدِ اللَّهِ إيّاها بِهَذا الِاسْتِطْرادِ في قَوْلِهِ ﴿ولَمّا بَلَغَ أشُدَّهُ واسْتَوى آتَيْناهُ حُكْمًا وعِلْمًا﴾ وإنَّما أُوتِيَ الحُكْمَ، أعْنِي النُّبُوَّةَ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِهِ مِن أرْضِ مَدْيَنَ كَما سَيَجِيءُ في قَوْلِهِ تَعالى ﴿فَلَمّا قَضى مُوسى الأجَلَ وسارَ بِأهْلِهِ﴾ [القصص: ٢٩] . وتَقَدَّمَ نَظِيرُ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ في سُورَةِ يُوسُفَ، إلّا قَوْلَهُ واسْتَوى فَقِيلَ: إنَّ اسْتَوى بِمَعْنى بَلَغَ أشُدَّهُ، فَيَكُونُ تَأْكِيدًا، والحَقُّ أنَّ الأشُدَّ كَمالُ القُوَّةِ؛ لِأنَّ أصْلَهُ جَمْعُ شِدَّةٍ بِكَسْرِ الشِّينِ بِوَزْنِ نِعْمَةٍ، وأنْعُمٍ، وهي هَيْئَةٌ بِمَعْنى القُوَّةِ ثُمَّ عُومِلَ مُعامَلَةَ المُفْرَدِ. وأنَّ الِاسْتِواءَ: كَمالُ البِنْيَةِ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعالى في وصْفِ الزَّرْعِ ﴿فاسْتَغْلَظَ فاسْتَوى عَلى سُوقِهِ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٩]، ولِهَذا أُرِيدَ لِمُوسى الوَصْفُ بِالِاسْتِواءِ ولَمْ يُوصَفْ يُوسُفُ إلّا بِبُلُوغِ الأشُدِّ خاصَّةً؛ لِأنَّ مُوسى كانَ رَجُلًا طُوالًا كَما في الحَدِيثِ «كَأنَّهُ مِن رِجالِ شَنُوءَةَ» فَكانَ كامِلَ الأعْضاءِ ولِذَلِكَ كانَ وكْزُهُ القِبْطِيَّ قاضِيًا عَلى المَوْكُوزِ. والحُكْمُ: الحِكْمَةُ، والعِلْمُ: المَعْرِفَةُ بِاللَّهِ.
Page 387
28:14
وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥ وَٱسۡتَوَىٰٓ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ حُكۡمٗا وَعِلۡمٗاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٤
And when he attained his full strength and was [mentally] mature, We bestowed upon him judgement and knowledge. And thus do We reward the doers of good.
28:15
وَدَخَلَ ٱلۡمَدِينَةَ عَلَىٰ حِينِ غَفۡلَةٖ مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيۡنِ يَقۡتَتِلَانِ هَٰذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِۦ وَهَٰذَا مِنۡ عَدُوِّهِۦۖ فَٱسۡتَغَٰثَهُ ٱلَّذِي مِن شِيعَتِهِۦ عَلَى ٱلَّذِي مِنۡ عَدُوِّهِۦ فَوَكَزَهُۥ مُوسَىٰ فَقَضَىٰ عَلَيۡهِۖ قَالَ هَٰذَا مِنۡ عَمَلِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِۖ إِنَّهُۥ عَدُوّٞ مُّضِلّٞ مُّبِينٞ ١٥
And he entered the city at a time of inattention by its people1 and found therein two men fighting: one from his faction and one from among his enemy. And the one from his faction called for help to him against the one from his enemy, so Moses struck him and [unintentionally] killed him. [Moses] said, "This is from the work of Satan. Indeed, he is a manifest, misleading enemy."
1 translator’s note
- i.e., during the noon period of rest. ↩
28:16
قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمۡتُ نَفۡسِي فَٱغۡفِرۡ لِي فَغَفَرَ لَهُۥٓۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلۡغَفُورُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ١٦
He said, "My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so forgive me," and He forgave him. Indeed, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.
28:17
قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَآ أَنۡعَمۡتَ عَلَيَّ فَلَنۡ أَكُونَ ظَهِيرٗا لِّلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ ١٧
He said, "My Lord, for the favor You bestowed upon me, I will never be an assistant to the criminals."
28:18
فَأَصۡبَحَ فِي ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ خَآئِفٗا يَتَرَقَّبُ فَإِذَا ٱلَّذِي ٱسۡتَنصَرَهُۥ بِٱلۡأَمۡسِ يَسۡتَصۡرِخُهُۥۚ قَالَ لَهُۥ مُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّكَ لَغَوِيّٞ مُّبِينٞ ١٨
And he became inside the city fearful and anticipating [exposure], when suddenly the one who sought his help the previous day cried out to him [once again]. Moses said to him, "Indeed, you are an evident, [persistent] deviator."
28:19
فَلَمَّآ أَنۡ أَرَادَ أَن يَبۡطِشَ بِٱلَّذِي هُوَ عَدُوّٞ لَّهُمَا قَالَ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ أَتُرِيدُ أَن تَقۡتُلَنِي كَمَا قَتَلۡتَ نَفۡسَۢا بِٱلۡأَمۡسِۖ إِن تُرِيدُ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ جَبَّارٗا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا تُرِيدُ أَن تَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُصۡلِحِينَ ١٩
And when he wanted to strike the one who was an enemy to both of them, he1 said, "O Moses, do you intend to kill me as you killed someone yesterday? You only want to be a tyrant in the land and do not want to be of the amenders."
1 translator’s note
- i.e., the Israelite, thinking that Moses meant to strike him. Some commentators have attributed the words to the Copt; however, the Israelite was the only one who knew of the previous occurrence. ↩
28:20
وَجَآءَ رَجُلٞ مِّنۡ أَقۡصَا ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ يَسۡعَىٰ قَالَ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّ ٱلۡمَلَأَ يَأۡتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقۡتُلُوكَ فَٱخۡرُجۡ إِنِّي لَكَ مِنَ ٱلنَّٰصِحِينَ ٢٠
And a man came from the farthest end of the city, running. He said, "O Moses, indeed the eminent ones are conferring over you [intending] to kill you, so leave [the city]; indeed, I am to you of the sincere advisors."
28:21
فَخَرَجَ مِنۡهَا خَآئِفٗا يَتَرَقَّبُۖ قَالَ رَبِّ نَجِّنِي مِنَ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٢١
So he left it, fearful and anticipating [apprehension]. He said, "My Lord, save me from the wrongdoing people."