Al-Qasas 28:59
The Stories · Juz 20 · Page 392
وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ مُهۡلِكَ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡعَثَ فِيٓ أُمِّهَا رَسُولٗا يَتۡلُواْ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءَايَٰتِنَاۚ وَمَا كُنَّا مُهۡلِكِي ٱلۡقُرَىٰٓ إِلَّا وَأَهۡلُهَا ظَٰلِمُونَ ٥٩
And never would your Lord have destroyed the cities until He had sent to their mother [i.e., principal city] a messenger reciting to them Our verses. And We would not destroy the cities except while their people were wrongdoers.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Biqa'i
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Commentary on 28:59
ولَمّا أظْهَرَ سُبْحانَهُ سَوْطَ العَذابِ بِيَدِ القُدْرَةِ، دَلَّ عَلى وطْأِ العَدْلِ بِثَمَرَةِ الغِنى، ولِكَوْنِهِ في سِياقِ الرَّحْمَةِ بِالإرْسالِ عَبَّرَ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ فَقالَ: ﴿وما كانَ﴾ [أيْ: ] كَوْنًا ما ﴿رَبُّكَ﴾ أيْ: المُحْسِنُ إلَيْكَ بِالإحْسانِ بِإرْسالِكَ إلى النّاسِ ﴿مُهْلِكَ القُرى﴾ أيْ: هَذا الجِنْسَ كُلَّهُ بِجُرْمٍ وإنْ عَظُمَ ﴿حَتّى يَبْعَثَ في أُمِّها﴾ أيْ: أعْظَمِها وأشْرَفِها، لِأنَّ غَيْرَها تَبَعٌ لَها، ولَمْ يُشْتَرَطْ كَوْنُهُ مِن أُمِّها فَقَدْ كانَ عِيسى عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ مِنَ النّاصِرَةِ، وبُعِثَ في بَيْتِ المَقْدِسِ ﴿رَسُولا يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ أيْ: أهْلِ القُرى كُلِّهِمْ ﴿آياتِنا﴾ الدّالَّةَ -بِما لَها مِنَ الجَرْيِ عَلى مَناهِيجِ العُقُولِ- عَلى ما يَنْبَغِي لَنا مِنَ الحِكْمَةِ، وبِما لَها مِنَ الإعْجازِ - عَلى تَفَرُّدِ الكَلِمَةِ- وباهِرِ العَظَمَةِ، إلْزامًا لِلْحُجَّةِ، وقَطَعًا لِلْمَعْذِرَةِ، لِئَلّا يَقُولُوا ﴿رَبَّنا لَوْلا أرْسَلْتَ (p-٣٣٠)إلَيْنا رَسُولا﴾ [القصص: ٤٧] ولِذَلِكَ لَمّا أرَدْنا عُمُومَ الخَلْقِ بِالرِّسالَةِ جَعَلْنا الرَّسُولَ مِن أُمِّ القُرى كُلِّها، وهي مَكَّةُ البَلَدُ الحَرامُ، وفِيها لِأنَّها مَعَ كَوْنِها مَدِينَةً تَجْرِي فِيها الأُمُورُ عَلى قانُونِ الحِكْمَةِ [هِيَ] في بِلادِ البَوادِي تَظْهَرُ فِيها الكَلِمَةُ، فَجَمَعْتُ الأمْرَيْنِ لِأنَّ المُرْسَلَ إلَيْها جامِعٌ، وجازَتِ الأثَرَيْنِ لِأنَّ الخِتامَ بِهِ واقِعٌ، وكانَ السِّرُّ في جَعْلِ المُؤَيِّدِ لِدِينِهِ عِيسى عَلَيْهِما الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ مِنَ البادِيَةِ كَثْرَةَ ظُهُورِ الكَلِمَةِ عَلى يَدَيْهِ.
ولَمّا غيّا الإهْلاكَ بِالإرْسالِ تَخْوِيفًا، ضَرَبَ لَهُ غايَةً أُخْرى تَحِرِيرًا لِلْأمْرِ وتَعْرِيفًا، ولِكَوْنِهِ في سِياقِ التَّجَرُّؤِ مِن أهْلِ الضَّلالِ، عَلى مَقامِهِ العالِ، بِانْتِهاكِ الحُرُماتِ، عَبَّرَ بِأداةِ العَظَمَةِ فَقالَ: ﴿وما كُنّا﴾ أيْ: بِعَظَمَتِنا وغِنانا ﴿مُهْلِكِي القُرى﴾ أيْ: كُلَّها، بَعْدَ الإرْسالِ ﴿إلا وأهْلُها ظالِمُونَ﴾ أيْ: عَرِيقُونَ في الظُّلْمِ بِالعِصْيانِ، بِتَرْكِ ثَمَراتِ الإيمانِ.
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28:51
۞ وَلَقَدۡ وَصَّلۡنَا لَهُمُ ٱلۡقَوۡلَ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ ٥١
And We have [repeatedly] conveyed to them the word [i.e., the Qur’ān] that they might be reminded.
28:52
ٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبۡلِهِۦ هُم بِهِۦ يُؤۡمِنُونَ ٥٢
Those to whom We gave the Scripture before it - they1 are believers in it.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., the sincere believers among them. ↩
28:53
وَإِذَا يُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِمۡ قَالُوٓاْ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦٓ إِنَّهُ ٱلۡحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّنَآ إِنَّا كُنَّا مِن قَبۡلِهِۦ مُسۡلِمِينَ ٥٣
And when it is recited to them, they say, "We have believed in it; indeed, it is the truth from our Lord. Indeed we were, [even] before it, Muslims [i.e., submitting to Allāh]."
28:54
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ يُؤۡتَوۡنَ أَجۡرَهُم مَّرَّتَيۡنِ بِمَا صَبَرُواْ وَيَدۡرَءُونَ بِٱلۡحَسَنَةِ ٱلسَّيِّئَةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰهُمۡ يُنفِقُونَ ٥٤
Those will be given their reward twice for what they patiently endured and [because] they avert evil through good, and from what We have provided them they spend.
28:55
وَإِذَا سَمِعُواْ ٱللَّغۡوَ أَعۡرَضُواْ عَنۡهُ وَقَالُواْ لَنَآ أَعۡمَٰلُنَا وَلَكُمۡ أَعۡمَٰلُكُمۡ سَلَٰمٌ عَلَيۡكُمۡ لَا نَبۡتَغِي ٱلۡجَٰهِلِينَ ٥٥
And when they hear ill speech, they turn away from it and say, "For us are our deeds, and for you are your deeds. Peace will be upon you;1 we seek not the ignorant."
1 translator’s note
- This is not the Islāmic greeting of "Peace be upon you." Rather, it means "You are secure from being treated in a like manner by us." ↩
28:56
إِنَّكَ لَا تَهۡدِي مَنۡ أَحۡبَبۡتَ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَهُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِٱلۡمُهۡتَدِينَ ٥٦
Indeed, [O Muḥammad], you do not guide whom you like, but Allāh guides whom He wills. And He is most knowing of the [rightly] guided.
28:57
وَقَالُوٓاْ إِن نَّتَّبِعِ ٱلۡهُدَىٰ مَعَكَ نُتَخَطَّفۡ مِنۡ أَرۡضِنَآۚ أَوَلَمۡ نُمَكِّن لَّهُمۡ حَرَمًا ءَامِنٗا يُجۡبَىٰٓ إِلَيۡهِ ثَمَرَٰتُ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ رِّزۡقٗا مِّن لَّدُنَّا وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَهُمۡ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٥٧
And they [i.e., the Quraysh] say, "If we were to follow the guidance with you, we would be swept1 from our land." Have We not established for them a safe sanctuary to which are brought the fruits of all things as provision from Us? But most of them do not know.
1 translator’s note
- By the other Arab tribes. ↩
28:58
وَكَمۡ أَهۡلَكۡنَا مِن قَرۡيَةِۭ بَطِرَتۡ مَعِيشَتَهَاۖ فَتِلۡكَ مَسَٰكِنُهُمۡ لَمۡ تُسۡكَن مِّنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗاۖ وَكُنَّا نَحۡنُ ٱلۡوَٰرِثِينَ ٥٨
And how many a city have We destroyed that was insolent in its [way of] living, and those are their dwellings which have not been inhabited after them except briefly.1 And it is We who were the inheritors.
1 translator’s note
- By travelers seeking temporary shelter. The reference is to the ruins which were visible to the Quraysh during their journeys. ↩
28:59
وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ مُهۡلِكَ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡعَثَ فِيٓ أُمِّهَا رَسُولٗا يَتۡلُواْ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءَايَٰتِنَاۚ وَمَا كُنَّا مُهۡلِكِي ٱلۡقُرَىٰٓ إِلَّا وَأَهۡلُهَا ظَٰلِمُونَ ٥٩
And never would your Lord have destroyed the cities until He had sent to their mother [i.e., principal city] a messenger reciting to them Our verses. And We would not destroy the cities except while their people were wrongdoers.