An-Nisa 4:157
The Women · Juz 6 · Page 103
وَقَوۡلِهِمۡ إِنَّا قَتَلۡنَا ٱلۡمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ٱبۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَٰكِن شُبِّهَ لَهُمۡۚ وَإِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ لَفِي شَكّٖ مِّنۡهُۚ مَا لَهُم بِهِۦ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍ إِلَّا ٱتِّبَاعَ ٱلظَّنِّۚ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينَۢا ١٥٧
And [for] their saying, "Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary, the messenger of Allāh." And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for certain.1
1 translator’s note
- Another meaning is "And they did not kill him, being certain [of his identity]," i.e., they killed another assuming it was Jesus (upon whom be peace). ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Qasimi
Detailed
Change
Commentary on 4:157
القَوْلُ في تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعالى:
﴿وقَوْلِهِمْ إنّا قَتَلْنا المَسِيحَ عِيسى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وما قَتَلُوهُ وما صَلَبُوهُ ولَكِنْ شُبِّهَ لَهم وإنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ لَفي شَكٍّ مِنهُ ما لَهم بِهِ مِن عِلْمٍ إلا اتِّباعَ الظَّنِّ وما قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينًا﴾ [١٥٧]
﴿وقَوْلِهِمْ إنّا قَتَلْنا المَسِيحَ عِيسى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ﴾
قالَ أبُو السُّعُودِ: نَظْمُ قَوْلِهِمْ هَذا في سِلْكِ سائِرِ جِناياتِهِمُ الَّتِي نُعيِتْ عَلَيْهِمْ لَيْسَ لِمُجَرَّدِ كَوْنِهِ كَذِبًا - بَلْ لِتَضَمُّنِهِ لِابْتِهاجِهِمْ بِقَتْلِ النَّبِيِّ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ - والِاسْتِهْزاءِ بِهِ، فَإنَّ وصْفَهم لَهُ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ - بِعُنْوانِ الرِّسالَةِ إنَّما هو بِطْرِيقِ التَّهَكُّمِ بِهِ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ - كَما في قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿وقالُوا يا أيُّها الَّذِي نُـزِّلَ عَلَيْهِ الذِّكْرُ﴾ [الحجر: ٦] [الحِجْرِ: ٦] ولِإنْبائِهِ عَنْ ذِكْرِهِمْ لَهُ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ - بِالوَجْهِ القَبِيحِ، عَلى ما قِيلَ مِن أنَّ ذَلِكَ وضْعٌ لِلذِّكْرِ الجَمِيلِ مِن جِهَتِهِ تَعالى مَكانَ ذِكْرِهِمُ القَبِيحِ، وقِيلَ: هو نَعْتٌ لَهُ - عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ - مِن جِهَتِهِ تَعالى؛ مَدْحًا لَهُ، ورَفْعًا لِمَحَلِّهِ، وإظْهارًا لِغايَةِ جَراءَتِهِمْ في تَصَدِّيهِمْ لِقَتْلِهِ، ونِهايَةِ وقاحَتِهِمْ في افْتِخارِهِمْ بِذَلِكَ.
لَطِيفَةٌ:
قالَ الرّاغِبُ: سُمِّيَ عِيسى بِالمَسِيحِ؛ لِأنَّهُ مُسِحَتْ عَنْهُ القُوَّةُ الذَّمِيمَةُ مِنَ الجَهْلِ والشَّرَهِ والحِرْصِ وسائِرِ الأخْلاقِ الذَّمِيمَةِ، كَما أنَّ الدَّجّالَ مُسِحَتْ عَنْهُ القُوَّةُ المَحْمُودَةُ مِنَ العِلْمِ والعَقْلِ والحِلْمِ والأخْلاقِ الحَمِيدَةِ. وقالَ شِمْرٌ: لِأنَّهُ مُسِحَ بِالبَرَكَةِ، وهو قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وجَعَلَنِي مُبارَكًا أيْنَ ما كُنْتُ﴾ [مريم: ٣١] [مَرْيَمَ: ٣١] أوْ لِأنَّ اللَّهَ مَسَحَ عَنْهُ الذُّنُوبَ.
وذَكَرَ المَجْدُ في كِتابِهِ (p-١٦٣٨)"البَصائِرِ" في اشْتِقاقِهِ سِتَّةً وخَمْسِينَ قَوْلًا، وتَطَرَّقَ شارِحُ القامُوسِ لِبَعْضِها، فانْظُرْهُ.
﴿وما قَتَلُوهُ وما صَلَبُوهُ ولَكِنْ شُبِّهَ لَهُمْ﴾ أيْ: لا يَصِحُّ لَهُمُ الفَخْرُ بِقَتْلِهِ؛ لِأنَّهم ما قَتَلُوهُ، ولا مُتَمَسِّكَ لَهم فِيما يَزْعُمُونَهُ مِن صَلْبِهِمْ إيّاهُ؛ لِأنَّهم ما صَلَبُوهُ ولَكِنْ قَتَلُوا وصَلَبُوا مَن أُلْقِيَ عَلَيْهِ شَبَهُهُ.
﴿وإنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ﴾ أيْ: في شَأْنِ عِيسى ﴿لَفِي شَكٍّ مِنهُ﴾ أيْ: مِن قَتْلِهِ، وسَنُبَيِّنُهُ بَعْدُ.
﴿ما لَهم بِهِ﴾ أيْ: بِقَتْلِهِ ﴿مِن عِلْمٍ إلا اتِّباعَ الظَّنِّ﴾ اسْتِثْناءٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ، أيْ: لَكِنْ يَتَّبِعُونَ فِيهِ الظَّنَّ الَّذِي تَخَيَّلُوهُ ﴿وما قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينًا﴾ أيْ: قَتْلًا يَقِينًا، بِمَعْنى مُتَيَقِّنِينَ أنَّهُ عِيسى - عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ - بَلْ فَعَلُوهُ شاكِّينَ فِيهِ، أوِ المَعْنى: انْتَفى قَتْلُهُ انْتِفاءً يَقِينًا، بِمَعْنى انْتِفائِهِ عَلى سَبِيلِ القَطْعِ.
قالَ البُرْهانَ البِقاعِيُّ: وهو أوْلى لِقَوْلِهِ:
Page 103
4:155
فَبِمَا نَقۡضِهِم مِّيثَٰقَهُمۡ وَكُفۡرِهِم بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَقَتۡلِهِمُ ٱلۡأَنۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيۡرِ حَقّٖ وَقَوۡلِهِمۡ قُلُوبُنَا غُلۡفُۢۚ بَلۡ طَبَعَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهَا بِكُفۡرِهِمۡ فَلَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا ١٥٥
And [We cursed them]1 for their breaking of the covenant and their disbelief in the signs of Allāh and their killing of the prophets without right and their saying, "Our hearts are wrapped" [i.e., sealed against reception]. Rather, Allāh has sealed them because of their disbelief, so they believe not, except for a few.2
4:156
وَبِكُفۡرِهِمۡ وَقَوۡلِهِمۡ عَلَىٰ مَرۡيَمَ بُهۡتَٰنًا عَظِيمٗا ١٥٦
And [We cursed them] for their disbelief and their saying against Mary a great slander1
1 translator’s note
- When they accused her of fornication. ↩
4:157
وَقَوۡلِهِمۡ إِنَّا قَتَلۡنَا ٱلۡمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ٱبۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَٰكِن شُبِّهَ لَهُمۡۚ وَإِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ لَفِي شَكّٖ مِّنۡهُۚ مَا لَهُم بِهِۦ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍ إِلَّا ٱتِّبَاعَ ٱلظَّنِّۚ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينَۢا ١٥٧
And [for] their saying, "Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary, the messenger of Allāh." And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for certain.1
1 translator’s note
- Another meaning is "And they did not kill him, being certain [of his identity]," i.e., they killed another assuming it was Jesus (upon whom be peace). ↩
4:158
بَل رَّفَعَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَيۡهِۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمٗا ١٥٨
Rather, Allāh raised him to Himself. And ever is Allāh Exalted in Might and Wise.
4:159
وَإِن مِّنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ إِلَّا لَيُؤۡمِنَنَّ بِهِۦ قَبۡلَ مَوۡتِهِۦۖ وَيَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ شَهِيدٗا ١٥٩
And there is none from the People of the Scripture but that he will surely believe in him [i.e., Jesus] before his death.1 And on the Day of Resurrection he will be against them a witness.
1 translator’s note
- One interpretation is that "his death" refers to that of Jesus after his return to earth. Or it can mean "the death of every individual from among the People of the Scripture." ↩
4:160
فَبِظُلۡمٖ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ حَرَّمۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ طَيِّبَٰتٍ أُحِلَّتۡ لَهُمۡ وَبِصَدِّهِمۡ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ كَثِيرٗا ١٦٠
For wrongdoing on the part of the Jews, We made unlawful for them [certain] good foods which had been lawful to them, and for their averting from the way of Allāh many [people],
4:161
وَأَخۡذِهِمُ ٱلرِّبَوٰاْ وَقَدۡ نُهُواْ عَنۡهُ وَأَكۡلِهِمۡ أَمۡوَٰلَ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلۡبَٰطِلِۚ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ مِنۡهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمٗا ١٦١
And [for] their taking of usury while they had been forbidden from it, and their consuming of the people's wealth unjustly. And We have prepared for the disbelievers among them a painful punishment.
4:162
لَّٰكِنِ ٱلرَّٰسِخُونَ فِي ٱلۡعِلۡمِ مِنۡهُمۡ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبۡلِكَۚ وَٱلۡمُقِيمِينَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَۚ وَٱلۡمُؤۡتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ سَنُؤۡتِيهِمۡ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمًا ١٦٢
But those firm in knowledge among them and the believers believe in what has been revealed to you, [O Muḥammad], and what was revealed before you. And the establishers of prayer [especially] and the givers of zakāh and the believers in Allāh and the Last Day - those We will give a great reward.