An-Nisa 4:80
The Women · Juz 5 · Page 91
مَّن يُطِعِ ٱلرَّسُولَ فَقَدۡ أَطَاعَ ٱللَّهَۖ وَمَن تَوَلَّىٰ فَمَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَٰكَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ حَفِيظٗا ٨٠
He who obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allāh; but those who turn away - We have not sent you over them as a guardian.
Tafsir · in Arabic
Abu as-Su'ud
Detailed
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Commentary on 4:80
﴿مَن يُطِعِ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدْ أطاعَ اللَّهَ﴾ بَيانٌ لِأحْكامِ رِسالَتِهِ ﷺ إثْرَ بَيانِ تَحَقُّقِها وثُبُوتِها وإنَّما كانَ كَذَلِكَ لِأنَّ الآمِرَ والنّاهِيَ في الحَقِيقَةِ هو اللَّهُ تَعالى وإنَّما هو ﷺ مُبَلِّغٌ لِأمْرِهِ ونَهْيِهِ، فَمَرْجِعُ الطّاعَةِ وعَدَمِها هو اللَّهُ سُبْحانَهُ. رُوِيَ أنَّهُ ﷺ قالَ: ﴿مَن أحَبَّنِي فَقَدْ أحَبَّ اللَّهَ ومَن أطاعَنِي فَقَدْ أطاعَ اللَّهَ﴾ فَقالَ المُنافِقُونَ: ألا تَسْمَعُونَ إلى ما يَقُولُ هَذا الرَّجُلُ لَقَدْ قارَفَ الشِّرْكَ وهو يَنْهى أنْ يُعْبَدَ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ ما يُرِيدُ إلّا أنْ نَتَّخِذَهُ رَبًَّا كَما اتَّخَذَتِ النَّصارى عِيسى فَنَزَلَتْ، والتَّعْبِيرُ عَنْهُ ﷺ بِالرَّسُولِ دُونَ الخِطابِ لِلْإيذانِ بِأنَّ مَناطَ كَوْنِ طاعَتِهِ ﷺ طاعَةً لَهُ تَعالى لَيْسَ خُصُوصِيَّةَ ذاتِهِ ﷺ بَلْ مِن حَيْثِيَّةِ رِسالَتِهِ وإظْهارُ الجَلالَةِ لِتَرْبِيَةِ المَهابَةِ وتَأْكِيدِ وُجُوبِ الطّاعَةِ بِذِكْرِ عُنْوانِ الأُلُوهِيَّةِ، وحَمْلُ الرَّسُولِ عَلى الجِنْسِ المُنْتَظِمِ لَهُ ﷺ انْتِظامًَا أوَّلِيًَّا يَأْباهُ تَخْصِيصُ الخِطابِ (p-207)بِهِ ﷺ في قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿وَمَن تَوَلّى فَما أرْسَلْناكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا﴾ وجَوابُ الشَّرْطِ مَحْذُوفٌ والمَذْكُورُ تَعْلِيلٌ لَهُ، أيْ: ومَن أعْرَضَ عَنِ الطّاعَةِ فَأعْرِضْ عَنْهُ إنَّما أرْسَلْناكَ رَسُولًَا مُبَلِّغًَا لا حَفِيظًَا مُهَيْمِنًَا تَحْفَظُ عَلَيْهِمْ أعْمالَهم وتُحاسِبُهم عَلَيْها وتُعاقِبُهم بِحَسَبِها و"حَفِيظًَا" حالٌ مِنَ الكافِ و"عَلَيْهِمْ" مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِهِ قُدِّمَ عَلَيْهِ رِعايَةً لِلْفاصِلَةِ وجَمْعُ الضَّمِيرِ بِاعْتِبارِ مَعْنى "مَن" كَما أنَّ الإفْرادَ في "تَوَلّى" بِاعْتِبارِ لَفْظِهِ.
Page 91
4:80
مَّن يُطِعِ ٱلرَّسُولَ فَقَدۡ أَطَاعَ ٱللَّهَۖ وَمَن تَوَلَّىٰ فَمَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَٰكَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ حَفِيظٗا ٨٠
He who obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allāh; but those who turn away - We have not sent you over them as a guardian.
4:81
وَيَقُولُونَ طَاعَةٞ فَإِذَا بَرَزُواْ مِنۡ عِندِكَ بَيَّتَ طَآئِفَةٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ غَيۡرَ ٱلَّذِي تَقُولُۖ وَٱللَّهُ يَكۡتُبُ مَا يُبَيِّتُونَۖ فَأَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡ وَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى ٱللَّهِۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ وَكِيلًا ٨١
And they say, "[We pledge] obedience." But when they leave you, a group of them spend the night determining to do other than what you say. But Allāh records what they plan by night. So leave them alone and rely upon Allāh. And sufficient is Allāh as Disposer of affairs.
4:82
أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَۚ وَلَوۡ كَانَ مِنۡ عِندِ غَيۡرِ ٱللَّهِ لَوَجَدُواْ فِيهِ ٱخۡتِلَٰفٗا كَثِيرٗا ٨٢
Then do they not reflect upon the Qur’ān?1 If it had been from [any] other than Allāh, they would have found within it much contradiction.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., its meanings and its objective. ↩
4:83
وَإِذَا جَآءَهُمۡ أَمۡرٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَمۡنِ أَوِ ٱلۡخَوۡفِ أَذَاعُواْ بِهِۦۖ وَلَوۡ رَدُّوهُ إِلَى ٱلرَّسُولِ وَإِلَىٰٓ أُوْلِي ٱلۡأَمۡرِ مِنۡهُمۡ لَعَلِمَهُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَسۡتَنۢبِطُونَهُۥ مِنۡهُمۡۗ وَلَوۡلَا فَضۡلُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَرَحۡمَتُهُۥ لَٱتَّبَعۡتُمُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنَ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا ٨٣
And when there comes to them something [i.e., information] about [public] security or fear, they spread it around. But if they had referred it back to the Messenger or to those of authority among them, then the ones who [can] draw correct conclusions from it would have known about it. And if not for the favor of Allāh upon you and His mercy, you would have followed Satan, except for a few.
4:84
فَقَٰتِلۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ لَا تُكَلَّفُ إِلَّا نَفۡسَكَۚ وَحَرِّضِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَۖ عَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن يَكُفَّ بَأۡسَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَشَدُّ بَأۡسٗا وَأَشَدُّ تَنكِيلٗا ٨٤
So fight, [O Muḥammad], in the cause of Allāh; you are not held responsible except for yourself. And encourage the believers [to join you] that perhaps Allāh will restrain the [military] might of those who disbelieve. And Allāh is greater in might and stronger in [exemplary] punishment.1
1 translator’s note
- Allāh is able to defeat them in such a way as to deter others from attempting anything similar. ↩
4:85
مَّن يَشۡفَعۡ شَفَٰعَةً حَسَنَةٗ يَكُن لَّهُۥ نَصِيبٞ مِّنۡهَاۖ وَمَن يَشۡفَعۡ شَفَٰعَةٗ سَيِّئَةٗ يَكُن لَّهُۥ كِفۡلٞ مِّنۡهَاۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ مُّقِيتٗا ٨٥
Whoever intercedes for a good cause will have a share [i.e., reward] therefrom; and whoever intercedes for an evil cause will have a portion [i.e., burden] therefrom. And ever is Allāh, over all things, a Keeper.1
1 translator’s note
- Providing, protecting, witnessing, keeping precise records and capable of recompense. ↩
4:86
وَإِذَا حُيِّيتُم بِتَحِيَّةٖ فَحَيُّواْ بِأَحۡسَنَ مِنۡهَآ أَوۡ رُدُّوهَآۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ حَسِيبًا ٨٦
And when you are greeted with a greeting, greet [in return] with one better than it or [at least] return it [in a like manner]. Indeed Allāh is ever, over all things, an Accountant.