Az-Zukhruf 43:15
The Ornaments of Gold · Juz 25 · Page 490
وَجَعَلُواْ لَهُۥ مِنۡ عِبَادِهِۦ جُزۡءًاۚ إِنَّ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ لَكَفُورٞ مُّبِينٌ ١٥
But they have attributed to Him from His servants a portion.1 Indeed, man is clearly ungrateful.
1 translator’s note
- By claiming that He (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) has a son or daughters, as it is said that a child is part of his parent. This concept is totally incompatible with Allāh's unity and exclusiveness. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Qurtubi
Detailed · Rulings, across the schools of law.
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Commentary on 43:15
قوله تعالى : وجعلوا له من عباده جزءا إن الإنسان لكفور مبين .قوله تعالى : وجعلوا له من عباده جزءا أي عدلا ، عن قتادة يعني ما عبد من دون الله عز وجل . الزجاج والمبرد : الجزء هاهنا البنات ، عجب المؤمنين من جهلهم إذا أقروا بأن خالق السماوات والأرض هو الله ثم جعلوا له شريكا أو ولدا ، ولم يعلموا أن من قدر على خلق السماوات والأرض لا يحتاج إلى شيء يعتضد به أو : يستأنس به ; لأن هذا من صفات النقص . قال الماوردي : والجزء عند أهل العربية البنات ، يقال : قد أجزأت المرأة إذا ولدت البنات ، قال الشاعر :إن أجزأت المرأة يوما فلا عجب قد تجزئ الحرة المذكار أحيانا[ ص: 65 ] الزمخشري : ومن بدع التفاسير تفسير الجزء بالإناث ، وادعاء أن الجزء في لغة العرب اسم للإناث ، وما هو إلا كذب على العرب ووضع مستحدث متحول ، ولم يقنعهم ذلك حتى اشتقوا منه : أجزأت المرأة ، ثم صنعوا بيتا ، وبيتا :إن أجزأت حرة يوما فلا عجب زوجتها من بنات الأوس مجزئةوإنما قوله : وجعلوا له من عباده جزءا متصل بقوله : ولئن سألتهم أي : ولئن سألتهم عن خالق السماوات والأرض ليعترفن به ، وقد جعلوا له مع ذلك الاعتراف من عباده جزءا فوصفوه بصفات المخلوقين . ومعنى من عباده جزءا أن قالوا الملائكة بنات الله ، فجعلوهم جزءا له وبعضا ، كما يكون الولد بضعة من والده وجزءا له . وقرئ ( جزءا ) بضمتين .إن الإنسان يعني الكافر . لكفور مبين قال الحسن : يعد المصائب وينسى النعم . مبين مظهر الكفر .
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43:11
وَٱلَّذِي نَزَّلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءَۢ بِقَدَرٖ فَأَنشَرۡنَا بِهِۦ بَلۡدَةٗ مَّيۡتٗاۚ كَذَٰلِكَ تُخۡرَجُونَ ١١
And who sends down rain from the sky in measured amounts, and We revive thereby a dead land - thus will you be brought forth -
43:12
وَٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلۡأَزۡوَٰجَ كُلَّهَا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡفُلۡكِ وَٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمِ مَا تَرۡكَبُونَ ١٢
And who created the species, all of them, and has made for you of ships and animals those which you mount
43:13
لِتَسۡتَوُۥاْ عَلَىٰ ظُهُورِهِۦ ثُمَّ تَذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَةَ رَبِّكُمۡ إِذَا ٱسۡتَوَيۡتُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ وَتَقُولُواْ سُبۡحَٰنَ ٱلَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَٰذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُۥ مُقۡرِنِينَ ١٣
That you may settle yourselves upon their backs and then remember the favor of your Lord when you have settled upon them and say, "Exalted is He who has subjected this to us, and we could not have [otherwise] subdued it.1
1 translator’s note
- Literally, "made it a companion" or "made it compatible." ↩
43:14
وَإِنَّآ إِلَىٰ رَبِّنَا لَمُنقَلِبُونَ ١٤
And indeed we, to our Lord, will [surely] return."
43:15
وَجَعَلُواْ لَهُۥ مِنۡ عِبَادِهِۦ جُزۡءًاۚ إِنَّ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ لَكَفُورٞ مُّبِينٌ ١٥
But they have attributed to Him from His servants a portion.1 Indeed, man is clearly ungrateful.
1 translator’s note
- By claiming that He (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) has a son or daughters, as it is said that a child is part of his parent. This concept is totally incompatible with Allāh's unity and exclusiveness. ↩
43:16
أَمِ ٱتَّخَذَ مِمَّا يَخۡلُقُ بَنَاتٖ وَأَصۡفَىٰكُم بِٱلۡبَنِينَ ١٦
Or has He taken, out of what He has created, daughters and chosen you for [having] sons?
43:17
وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُم بِمَا ضَرَبَ لِلرَّحۡمَٰنِ مَثَلٗا ظَلَّ وَجۡهُهُۥ مُسۡوَدّٗا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ ١٧
And when one of them is given good tidings of that which he attributes to the Most Merciful in comparison [i.e., a daughter], his face becomes dark, and he suppresses grief.
43:18
أَوَمَن يُنَشَّؤُاْ فِي ٱلۡحِلۡيَةِ وَهُوَ فِي ٱلۡخِصَامِ غَيۡرُ مُبِينٖ ١٨
So is one brought up in ornaments while being during conflict unevident1 [attributed to Allāh]?
1 translator’s note
- Not "obvious" or "distinct" in an argument. Or not "seen," i.e., absent from battles. The reference is to a daughter. ↩
43:19
وَجَعَلُواْ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةَ ٱلَّذِينَ هُمۡ عِبَٰدُ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ إِنَٰثًاۚ أَشَهِدُواْ خَلۡقَهُمۡۚ سَتُكۡتَبُ شَهَٰدَتُهُمۡ وَيُسۡـَٔلُونَ ١٩
And they described the angels, who are servants of the Most Merciful, as females. Did they witness their creation? Their testimony will be recorded, and they will be questioned.
43:20
وَقَالُواْ لَوۡ شَآءَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ مَا عَبَدۡنَٰهُمۗ مَّا لَهُم بِذَٰلِكَ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍۖ إِنۡ هُمۡ إِلَّا يَخۡرُصُونَ ٢٠
And they said, "If the Most Merciful had willed, we would not have worshipped them." They have of that no knowledge. They are not but misjudging.
43:21
أَمۡ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمۡ كِتَٰبٗا مِّن قَبۡلِهِۦ فَهُم بِهِۦ مُسۡتَمۡسِكُونَ ٢١
Or have We given them a book before it [i.e., the Qur’ān] to which they are adhering?
43:22
بَلۡ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّا وَجَدۡنَآ ءَابَآءَنَا عَلَىٰٓ أُمَّةٖ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰٓ ءَاثَٰرِهِم مُّهۡتَدُونَ ٢٢
Rather, they say, "Indeed, we found our fathers upon a religion, and we are in their footsteps [rightly] guided."