Az-Zukhruf 43:33
The Ornaments of Gold · Juz 25 · Page 491
وَلَوۡلَآ أَن يَكُونَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ لَّجَعَلۡنَا لِمَن يَكۡفُرُ بِٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ لِبُيُوتِهِمۡ سُقُفٗا مِّن فِضَّةٖ وَمَعَارِجَ عَلَيۡهَا يَظۡهَرُونَ ٣٣
And if it were not that the people would become one community [of disbelievers],1 We would have made for those who disbelieve in the Most Merciful - for their houses - ceilings and stairways of silver upon which to mount.
1 translator’s note
- Who assumed that Allāh's generosity to them was a sign of His approval or who would hasten to disbelief in order to obtain wealth. ↩
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Commentary on 43:33
ولَمّا دَلَّتْ صَرِيحُ آيَةِ التَّمْتِيعِ وتَلْوِيحِ ما بَعْدَها أنَّ البَسْطَ في الرِّزْقِ المُوجِبِ لِلْعُلُوِّ مَعَ أنَّهُ خَسِيسُ المَنزِلَةِ ناقِصُ المِقْدارِ مُقْتَضٍ لِلْخُرُوجِ عَنِ السَّواءِ، وكانَ التَّقْدِيرُ: فَنَحْنُ نَخُصُّ بِهَذا الخَيْرِ لِلْأفْرادِ في الأدْوارِ الآحادِ مِنَ الأبْرارِ لِنَسْتَنْقِذَ بِهِمْ مَن شِئْنا مِنَ الضَّلالِ ونُعْطِي الحُطامَ لِلْعُتاةِ الطُّغامِ الأرْذالِ ابْتِلاءً لِلْعِبادِ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهم أهْلَ البَغْيِ مِن أهْلِ الرَّشادِ، ولَوْلا ما اقْتَضَتْهُ حِكْمَتُنا بِتَرْتِيبِ هَذا الوُجُودِ عَلى الأسْبابِ مِنَ المُفاوَتَةِ بَيْنَ النّاسِ لِقِيامِ الوُجُودِ لَساوَيْنا بَيْنَهُمْ، وعَطَفَ: عَلَيْهِ قَوْلَهُ مُذَكِّرًا بِلُطْفِهِ بِالمُؤْمِنِينَ وبِرِّهِ لَهم بِرَفْعِهِ ما يَقْتَضِي لَهم شَدِيدُ المُجاهَدَةِ وعَظِيمُ المُصابَرَةِ والمُكابَدَةِ لِحالٍ تَزِلُّ فِيهِ الأقْدامُ عَنْ سُنَنِ الهُدى مِنَ المَيْلِ والإصْغاءِ إلى مَظانِّ الغِنى والمُلْكِ وتَمامِ المُكْنَةِ والعَظَمَةِ: ﴿ولَوْلا أنْ يَكُونَ النّاسُ﴾ أيْ أهْلُ التَّمَتُّعِ بِالأمْوالِ بِما فِيهِمْ مِنَ الِاضْطِرابِ والأُنْسِ بِأنْفُسِهِمْ ﴿أُمَّةً واحِدَةً﴾ أيْ في الضَّلالِ بِالكُفْرِ لِاعْتِقادِهِمْ أنَّ إعْطاءَنا المالَ دَلِيلٌ عَلى مَحَبَّتِنا لِمَن أعْطَيْناهُ لِحُبِّهِمُ الدُّنْيا وجَعْلِها مَحَطَّ أنْظارِها وهِمَمِهِمْ إلّا مَن عَصَمَ اللهُ ﴿لَجَعَلْنا﴾ أيْ في كُلِّ زَمانٍ وكُلِّ مَكانٍ بِما لَنا مِنَ العَظَمَةِ الَّتِي لَمْ يَقْدِرْ أحَدٌ عَلى مُعارَضَتِها لِحَقارَةِ الدُّنْيا عِنْدَنا وبُغْضِنا لَها (p-٤٢٥)﴿لِمَن يَكْفُرُ﴾ وقَوْلُهُ: ﴿بِالرَّحْمَنِ﴾ أيِ العامِّ الرَّحْمَةِ دَلِيلٌ عَلى حَقارَةِ الدُّنْيا مِن جِهَةِ إعْطائِها لِلْمُبْعَدِ المَمْقُوتِ، وعَلى أنَّ صِفَةَ الرَّحْمَةِ مُقْتَضِيَةٌ لِتَناهِي بَسْطِ النِّعَمِ عَلى الكافِرِ لَوْلا العِلَّةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَها سُبْحانَهُ مِنَ الرِّفْقِ بِالمُؤْمِنِينَ.
ولَمّا كانَ تَزْيِينُ الظَّرْفِ دائِمًا بِحَسَبِ زِينَةِ المَظْرُوفِ، دَلَّ عَلى ما لَهم مِن مَلابِسِهِمْ ومَراكِبِهِمْ وغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِن أُمُورِهِمْ بِزِينَةِ المَنازِلِ، فَقالَ مُبَدِّلًا مِن ﴿لِمَن﴾ بَدَلُ الِاشْتِمالِ لِأنَّ سُوقَهُ عَلى طَرِيقِ الإبْدالِ أرْوَعُ: ﴿لِبُيُوتِهِمْ﴾ أيِ الَّتِي يُنْزِلُونَها ﴿سُقُفًا﴾ أيْ هَذا الجِنْسُ في قِراءَةِ ابْنِ كَثِيرٍ وأبِي عَمْرٍو بِالمُوَحَّدَةِ بِدَلِيلِ قِراءَةِ الباقِينَ بِضَمَّتَيْنِ جَمْعًا ﴿مِن فِضَّةٍ﴾ كَأنَّهُ خَصَّها لِإفادَتِها النُّورَ ﴿ومَعارِجَ﴾ أيْ مِن فِضَّةٍ، وهي المَصاعِدُ مِنَ الدُّرْجِ لِأنَّ المَشْيَ عَلَيْها مِثْلُ مَشْيِ الأعْرَجِ ﴿عَلَيْها يَظْهَرُونَ﴾ أيْ يَعْلُونَ ويَرْتَقُونَ عَلى ظُهُورِها إلى المَعالِي
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43:23
وَكَذَٰلِكَ مَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن قَبۡلِكَ فِي قَرۡيَةٖ مِّن نَّذِيرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ مُتۡرَفُوهَآ إِنَّا وَجَدۡنَآ ءَابَآءَنَا عَلَىٰٓ أُمَّةٖ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰٓ ءَاثَٰرِهِم مُّقۡتَدُونَ ٢٣
And similarly, We did not send before you any warner into a city except that its affluent said, "Indeed, we found our fathers upon a religion, and we are, in their footsteps, following."
43:24
۞ قَٰلَ أَوَلَوۡ جِئۡتُكُم بِأَهۡدَىٰ مِمَّا وَجَدتُّمۡ عَلَيۡهِ ءَابَآءَكُمۡۖ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّا بِمَآ أُرۡسِلۡتُم بِهِۦ كَٰفِرُونَ ٢٤
[Each warner] said, "Even if I brought you better guidance than that [religion] upon which you found your fathers?" They said, "Indeed we, in that with which you were sent, are disbelievers."
43:25
فَٱنتَقَمۡنَا مِنۡهُمۡۖ فَٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ كَانَ عَٰقِبَةُ ٱلۡمُكَذِّبِينَ ٢٥
So We took retribution from them; then see how was the end of the deniers.
43:26
وَإِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوۡمِهِۦٓ إِنَّنِي بَرَآءٞ مِّمَّا تَعۡبُدُونَ ٢٦
And [mention, O Muḥammad], when Abraham said to his father and his people, "Indeed, I am disassociated from that which you worship
43:27
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِي فَطَرَنِي فَإِنَّهُۥ سَيَهۡدِينِ ٢٧
Except for He who created me; and indeed, He will guide me."
43:28
وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةَۢ بَاقِيَةٗ فِي عَقِبِهِۦ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ٢٨
And he made it1 a word remaining among his descendants that they might return [to it].
1 translator’s note
- i.e., his testimony that none is worthy of worship except Allāh. ↩
43:29
بَلۡ مَتَّعۡتُ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ وَءَابَآءَهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡحَقُّ وَرَسُولٞ مُّبِينٞ ٢٩
However, I gave enjoyment to these [people of Makkah] and their fathers1 until there came to them the truth and a clear Messenger.2
43:30
وَلَمَّا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡحَقُّ قَالُواْ هَٰذَا سِحۡرٞ وَإِنَّا بِهِۦ كَٰفِرُونَ ٣٠
But when the truth came to them, they said, "This is magic, and indeed we are, concerning it, disbelievers."
43:31
وَقَالُواْ لَوۡلَا نُزِّلَ هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ عَلَىٰ رَجُلٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡقَرۡيَتَيۡنِ عَظِيمٍ ٣١
And they said, "Why was this Qur’ān not sent down upon a great man from [one of] the two cities?"1
1 translator’s note
- Referring to Makkah and aṭ-Ṭā’if. ↩
43:32
أَهُمۡ يَقۡسِمُونَ رَحۡمَتَ رَبِّكَۚ نَحۡنُ قَسَمۡنَا بَيۡنَهُم مَّعِيشَتَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۚ وَرَفَعۡنَا بَعۡضَهُمۡ فَوۡقَ بَعۡضٖ دَرَجَٰتٖ لِّيَتَّخِذَ بَعۡضُهُم بَعۡضٗا سُخۡرِيّٗاۗ وَرَحۡمَتُ رَبِّكَ خَيۡرٞ مِّمَّا يَجۡمَعُونَ ٣٢
Do they distribute the mercy of your Lord? It is We who have apportioned among them their livelihood in the life of this world and have raised some of them above others in degrees [of rank] that they may make use of one another for service. But the mercy of your Lord is better than whatever they accumulate.
43:33
وَلَوۡلَآ أَن يَكُونَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ لَّجَعَلۡنَا لِمَن يَكۡفُرُ بِٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ لِبُيُوتِهِمۡ سُقُفٗا مِّن فِضَّةٖ وَمَعَارِجَ عَلَيۡهَا يَظۡهَرُونَ ٣٣
And if it were not that the people would become one community [of disbelievers],1 We would have made for those who disbelieve in the Most Merciful - for their houses - ceilings and stairways of silver upon which to mount.
1 translator’s note
- Who assumed that Allāh's generosity to them was a sign of His approval or who would hasten to disbelief in order to obtain wealth. ↩