Al-Jathiyah 45:16
The Crouching · Juz 25 · Page 500
وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَا بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡحُكۡمَ وَٱلنُّبُوَّةَ وَرَزَقۡنَٰهُم مِّنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتِ وَفَضَّلۡنَٰهُمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ١٦
And We did certainly give the Children of Israel the Scripture and judgement1 and prophethood, and We provided them with good things and preferred them over the worlds.
1 translator’s note
- Understanding of the law. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Biqa'i
Detailed
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Commentary on 45:16
ولَمّا عَلِمَ بِهَذِهِ الحِكَمِ ما افْتُتِحَتْ بِهِ السُّورَةُ مِن [أنَّ] مُنْزِلَ هَذا الكِتابِ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ، فَكانَ التَّقْدِيرُ فَذْلَكَةً لِذَلِكَ: فَلَقَدْ آتَيْناكَ الكِتابَ والحُكْمَ والنُّبُوَّةَ وفَضَّلْناكَ وأُمَّتَكَ عَلى العالَمِينَ وأرْسَلْناكَ لِتُنَبِّهَ النّاسَ عَلى ما أمامَهم وكانَ قَوْمُهُ بَعْدَ ائْتِلافِهِمْ عَلى الضَّلالِ قَدِ اخْتَلَفُوا بِهَذا الكِتابِ الَّذِي كانَ يَنْبَغِي لَهم أنْ يَشْتَدَّ إجْماعُهم بِهِ واسْتِنْصارُهم مِن أجْلِهِ، عَطَفَ عَلَيْهِ مُسَلِّيًا قَوْلَهُ: ﴿ولَقَدْ آتَيْنا﴾ أيْ: (p-٨٤)عَلى ما لَنا مِنَ العَظَمَةِ والقُدْرَةِ الباهِرَةِ ﴿بَنِي إسْرائِيلَ﴾ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ابْنَ عَمِّكم إسْحاقَ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ابْنَ أبِيكم إبْراهِيمَ خَلِيلَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ ﴿الكِتابَ﴾ الجامِعَ لِلْخَيْراتِ وهو يَعُمُّ التَّوْراةَ والإنْجِيلَ والزَّبُورَ وغَيْرَها مِمّا أُنْزِلَ عَلى أنْبِيائِهِمْ ﴿والحُكْمَ﴾ أيِ: العِلْمَ والعَمَلَ الثّابِتَيْنِ ثَباتَ الأحْكامِ [بِحَيْثُ] لا يَتَطَرَّقُ إلَيْهِما فَسادٌ بِما لِلْعِلْمِ مِنَ الزِّينَةِ بِالعَمَلِ، ولِلْعَمَلِ مِنَ الإتْقانِ بِالعِلْمِ ﴿والنُّبُوَّةَ﴾ الَّتِي تُدْرَكُ بِها الأخْبارُ العَظِيمَةُ الَّتِي لا يُمْكِنُ اطِّلاعُ الخَلْقِ عَلَيْها بِنَوْعِ اكْتِسابٍ مِنهُمْ، فَأكْثَرْنا فِيهِمْ مِنَ الأنْبِياءِ ﴿ورَزَقْناهُمْ﴾ بِعَظَمَتِنا لِإقامَةِ أبْدانِهِمْ ﴿مِنَ الطَّيِّباتِ﴾ مِنَ المَنِّ والسَّلْوى وغَيْرِهِما مِنَ الأرْزاقِ اللَّدُنِّيَّةِ وغَيْرِها ﴿وفَضَّلْناهُمْ﴾ بِما لَنا مِنَ العِزَّةِ ﴿عَلى العالَمِينَ﴾ وهُمُ الَّذِينَ تَحَقَّقَ إيجادُنا لَهم في زَمانِهِمْ وما قَبْلَهُ فَإنّا آتَيْناهم مِنَ الآياتِ المَرْئِيَّةِ والمَسْمُوعَةِ وأكْثَرْنا فِيهِمْ مِنَ الأنْبِياءِ ما لَمْ نَفْعَلْهُ لِغَيْرِهِمْ مِمَّنْ سَبَقَ، وكُلُّ ذَلِكَ فَضِيلَةٌ ظاهِرَةٌ
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45:14
قُل لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ يَغۡفِرُواْ لِلَّذِينَ لَا يَرۡجُونَ أَيَّامَ ٱللَّهِ لِيَجۡزِيَ قَوۡمَۢا بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ ١٤
Say, [O Muḥammad], to those who have believed that they [should] forgive those who expect not the days of Allāh [i.e., of His retribution] so that He may recompense a people1 for what they used to earn.
1 translator’s note
- In the Hereafter, where those who forgive will be rewarded and those who earned evil will be punished. This was at the outset of daʿwah (invitation to Allāh) before permission for jihād. ↩
45:15
مَنۡ عَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَلِنَفۡسِهِۦۖ وَمَنۡ أَسَآءَ فَعَلَيۡهَاۖ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمۡ تُرۡجَعُونَ ١٥
Whoever does a good deed - it is for himself; and whoever does evil - it is against it [i.e., the self or soul]. Then to your Lord you will be returned.
45:16
وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَا بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡحُكۡمَ وَٱلنُّبُوَّةَ وَرَزَقۡنَٰهُم مِّنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتِ وَفَضَّلۡنَٰهُمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ١٦
And We did certainly give the Children of Israel the Scripture and judgement1 and prophethood, and We provided them with good things and preferred them over the worlds.
1 translator’s note
- Understanding of the law. ↩
45:17
وَءَاتَيۡنَٰهُم بَيِّنَٰتٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَمۡرِۖ فَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُوٓاْ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡعِلۡمُ بَغۡيَۢا بَيۡنَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقۡضِي بَيۡنَهُمۡ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ فِيمَا كَانُواْ فِيهِ يَخۡتَلِفُونَ ١٧
And We gave them clear proofs of the matter [of religion]. And they did not differ except after knowledge had come to them - out of jealous animosity between themselves. Indeed, your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that over which they used to differ.
45:18
ثُمَّ جَعَلۡنَٰكَ عَلَىٰ شَرِيعَةٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَمۡرِ فَٱتَّبِعۡهَا وَلَا تَتَّبِعۡ أَهۡوَآءَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ١٨
Then We put you, [O Muḥammad], on an ordained way concerning the matter [of religion]; so follow it and do not follow the inclinations of those who do not know.
45:19
إِنَّهُمۡ لَن يُغۡنُواْ عَنكَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ شَيۡـٔٗاۚ وَإِنَّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ بَعۡضُهُمۡ أَوۡلِيَآءُ بَعۡضٖۖ وَٱللَّهُ وَلِيُّ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ١٩
Indeed, they will never avail you against Allāh at all. And indeed, the wrongdoers are allies of one another; but Allāh is the protector of the righteous.
45:20
هَٰذَا بَصَٰٓئِرُ لِلنَّاسِ وَهُدٗى وَرَحۡمَةٞ لِّقَوۡمٖ يُوقِنُونَ ٢٠
This [Qur’ān] is enlightenment for mankind and guidance and mercy for a people who are certain [in faith].
45:21
أَمۡ حَسِبَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱجۡتَرَحُواْ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ أَن نَّجۡعَلَهُمۡ كَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ سَوَآءٗ مَّحۡيَاهُمۡ وَمَمَاتُهُمۡۚ سَآءَ مَا يَحۡكُمُونَ ٢١
Or do those who commit evils think We will make them like those who have believed and done righteous deeds - [make them] equal in their life and their death?1 Evil is that which they judge [i.e., assume].
1 translator’s note
- Another meaning is "...[the evildoers being] equal in their life and their death," i.e., unresponsive to guidance. ↩
45:22
وَخَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَلِتُجۡزَىٰ كُلُّ نَفۡسِۭ بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ ٢٢
And Allāh created the heavens and earth in truth and so that every soul may be recompensed for what it has earned, and they will not be wronged.