Al-Jathiyah 45:23
The Crouching · Juz 25 · Page 501
أَفَرَءَيۡتَ مَنِ ٱتَّخَذَ إِلَٰهَهُۥ هَوَىٰهُ وَأَضَلَّهُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ عِلۡمٖ وَخَتَمَ عَلَىٰ سَمۡعِهِۦ وَقَلۡبِهِۦ وَجَعَلَ عَلَىٰ بَصَرِهِۦ غِشَٰوَةٗ فَمَن يَهۡدِيهِ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ٱللَّهِۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ ٢٣
Have you seen he who has taken as his god his [own] desire, and Allāh has sent him astray due to knowledge1 and has set a seal upon his hearing and his heart and put over his vision a veil? So who will guide him after Allāh? Then will you not be reminded?
1 translator’s note
- This can refer to Allāh's knowledge of that person and of his preference for his own inclinations or to that person's knowledge of the truth while he refuses it. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Jami' al-Wajiz
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Commentary on 45:23
٢٣ - ﴿أَفَرَءَيۡتَ﴾ أي: أخبرني، أو: أنظرت من هذه حالتُه فرأيته! فإن ذلك ممّا يقضي منه العجب، ﴿مَنِ ٱتَّخَذَ إِلَٰهَهُۥ هَوَىٰهُ﴾ أي: من جعل هواه معبودَه، يخضع له ويطيعه، كما يخضع العابد لمعبوده ويطيعه.أو: من اتخذ دينه بهوى نفسه لا بهدىً من الله وبرهان، وهو الكافر يعبد ما يهواه أو يستحسنه، دون مراعاة لمحبّة الله ورضاه، أو لكراهته وغضبه.﴿وَأَضَلَّهُ ٱللَّهُ﴾ أي: خذله عن سبيل الرشاد ﴿عَلَىٰ عِلۡمٖ﴾ منه تعالى بحاله واستعداده، أي: عالماً بأنّه من أهل الضلالة، فأضلّه الله لعلمه أنه يستحقّ ذلك.ويحتمل المعنى: أنه على علم بالحقّ، لكنه يترك الحقّ اتباعاً لشهوة نفسه وهواه، فأضلّه الله بعد بلوغ العلم إليه، وقيام الحجّة عليه، والثاني يستلزم المعنى الأول، ولا ينعكس.﴿وَخَتَمَ عَلَىٰ سَمۡعِهِۦ وَقَلۡبِهِۦ﴾ أي: طبع عليه، فلا يسمع ما ينفعه، ولا يعقل من الخير شيئا، فلا يتأثر بموعظة ولا يتفكّر في آية، ولا يعتبر بحجّة.﴿وَجَعَلَ عَلَىٰ بَصَرِهِۦ غِشَٰوَةٗ﴾ [وفي قراءة (غَشْوَة)] أي: غطاءً، فلا يُبصر هدىً، ولا رشدا، ولا يرى حجّة تقوده إلى الحق.ويقدّر هنا المفعول الثاني ل «رأيت»، أي: أيهتدي؟والكلام تمثيل بليغ.﴿فَمَن يَهۡدِيهِ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ٱللَّهِ﴾ أي: من بعد إضلال الله إيّاه؟ أي: لا أحد يهديه ويرشده ويوفّقه لإصابة الحقّ.﴿أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ﴾ تذكّر اتّعاظ واعتبار، حتى تعلموا حقيقة الحال و المآل! كقوله تعالى: (من يضلل الله فلا هادي له ويذرهم في طغيانهم يعمهون)الأعراف(١٨٦).
Page 501
45:23
أَفَرَءَيۡتَ مَنِ ٱتَّخَذَ إِلَٰهَهُۥ هَوَىٰهُ وَأَضَلَّهُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ عِلۡمٖ وَخَتَمَ عَلَىٰ سَمۡعِهِۦ وَقَلۡبِهِۦ وَجَعَلَ عَلَىٰ بَصَرِهِۦ غِشَٰوَةٗ فَمَن يَهۡدِيهِ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ٱللَّهِۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ ٢٣
Have you seen he who has taken as his god his [own] desire, and Allāh has sent him astray due to knowledge1 and has set a seal upon his hearing and his heart and put over his vision a veil? So who will guide him after Allāh? Then will you not be reminded?
1 translator’s note
- This can refer to Allāh's knowledge of that person and of his preference for his own inclinations or to that person's knowledge of the truth while he refuses it. ↩
45:24
وَقَالُواْ مَا هِيَ إِلَّا حَيَاتُنَا ٱلدُّنۡيَا نَمُوتُ وَنَحۡيَا وَمَا يُهۡلِكُنَآ إِلَّا ٱلدَّهۡرُۚ وَمَا لَهُم بِذَٰلِكَ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍۖ إِنۡ هُمۡ إِلَّا يَظُنُّونَ ٢٤
And they say, "There is not but our worldly life; we die and live,1 and nothing destroys us except time." And they have of that no knowledge; they are only assuming.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., some people die and others live, replacing them. ↩
45:25
وَإِذَا تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءَايَٰتُنَا بَيِّنَٰتٖ مَّا كَانَ حُجَّتَهُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن قَالُواْ ٱئۡتُواْ بِـَٔابَآئِنَآ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ ٢٥
And when Our verses are recited to them as clear evidences, their argument is only that they say, "Bring [back] our forefathers, if you should be truthful."
45:26
قُلِ ٱللَّهُ يُحۡيِيكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمۡ ثُمَّ يَجۡمَعُكُمۡ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ لَا رَيۡبَ فِيهِ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٦
Say, "Allāh causes you to live, then causes you to die; then He will assemble you for the Day of Resurrection, about which there is no doubt, but most of the people do not know."
45:27
وَلِلَّهِ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَيَوۡمَ تَقُومُ ٱلسَّاعَةُ يَوۡمَئِذٖ يَخۡسَرُ ٱلۡمُبۡطِلُونَ ٢٧
And to Allāh belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. And the Day the Hour appears - that Day the falsifiers will lose.
45:28
وَتَرَىٰ كُلَّ أُمَّةٖ جَاثِيَةٗۚ كُلُّ أُمَّةٖ تُدۡعَىٰٓ إِلَىٰ كِتَٰبِهَا ٱلۡيَوۡمَ تُجۡزَوۡنَ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ٢٨
And you will see every nation kneeling [from fear]. Every nation will be called to its record [and told], "Today you will be recompensed for what you used to do.
45:29
هَٰذَا كِتَٰبُنَا يَنطِقُ عَلَيۡكُم بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ إِنَّا كُنَّا نَسۡتَنسِخُ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ٢٩
This, Our record, speaks about you in truth. Indeed, We were having transcribed1 whatever you used to do."
1 translator’s note
- By recording angels. ↩
45:30
فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ فَيُدۡخِلُهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ فِي رَحۡمَتِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلۡفَوۡزُ ٱلۡمُبِينُ ٣٠
So as for those who believed and did righteous deeds, their Lord will admit them into His mercy. That is what is the clear attainment.
45:31
وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ أَفَلَمۡ تَكُنۡ ءَايَٰتِي تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَكۡبَرۡتُمۡ وَكُنتُمۡ قَوۡمٗا مُّجۡرِمِينَ ٣١
But as for those who disbelieved, [it will be said], "Were not Our verses recited to you, but you were arrogant and became a criminal people?
45:32
وَإِذَا قِيلَ إِنَّ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٞ وَٱلسَّاعَةُ لَا رَيۡبَ فِيهَا قُلۡتُم مَّا نَدۡرِي مَا ٱلسَّاعَةُ إِن نَّظُنُّ إِلَّا ظَنّٗا وَمَا نَحۡنُ بِمُسۡتَيۡقِنِينَ ٣٢
And when it was said, 'Indeed, the promise of Allāh is truth and the Hour [is coming] - no doubt about it,' you said, 'We know not what is the Hour. We assume only assumption, and we are not convinced.'"