Al-Fath 48:22
The Victory · Juz 26 · Page 513
وَلَوۡ قَٰتَلَكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَوَلَّوُاْ ٱلۡأَدۡبَٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُونَ وَلِيّٗا وَلَا نَصِيرٗا ٢٢
And if those [Makkans] who disbelieve had fought you, they would have turned their backs [in flight]. Then they would not find a protector or a helper.
Tafsir · in Arabic
At-Tafsir al-Ma'thur
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Commentary on 48:22
﴿وَلَوۡ قَـٰتَلَكُمُ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَوَلَّوُا۟ ٱلۡأَدۡبَـٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا یَجِدُونَ وَلِیࣰّا وَلَا نَصِیرࣰا ٢٢﴾ - تفسير
٧١٣٣٣- عن قتادة بن دعامة -من طريق سعيد- ﴿ولَوْ قاتَلَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَوَلَّوُا الأَدْبارَ﴾: يعني: أهل مكة[[أخرجه ابن جرير ٢١/٢٨٧ بلفظ: كفار قريش. وعزاه السيوطي إلى عبد بن حميد.]]٦٠٦٥. (١٣/٤٨٩)
٦٠٦٥ ذكر ابنُ عطية (٧/٦٨١) قول قتادة، ثم علَّق عليه بقوله: «وفي هذا تقويةٌ لنفوس المؤمنين». ثم نقل عن بعض المفسّرين أن المراد بهم: الروم وفارس، ثم انتقدهم قائلًا: «وهذا ضعيف، وإنما الإشارة إلى العدوِّ الأحضر».
٧١٣٣٤- قال مقاتل بن سليمان: قال: ﴿ولَوْ قاتَلَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَوَلَّوُا الأَدْبارَ﴾ منهزمين، ﴿ثُمَّ لا يَجِدُونَ ولِيًّا ولا نَصِيرًا﴾ يعني: ولا مانِعًا يمنعهم من الهزيمة[[تفسير مقاتل بن سليمان ٤/٧٤-٧٥.]]. (ز)
٧١٣٣٥- عن عبد الملك ابن جُرَيْج، في قوله: ﴿ولَوْ قاتَلَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ هم أسد وغَطَفان، ﴿لَوَلَّوُا الأَدْبارَ﴾ حتى ﴿ولَنْ[[ذكر محققو الدر أنه في نسخه: لا.]] تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ تَبْدِيلًا﴾[[عزاه السيوطي إلى ابن المنذر.]]. (١٣/٤٨٦)
Page 513
48:16
قُل لِّلۡمُخَلَّفِينَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ سَتُدۡعَوۡنَ إِلَىٰ قَوۡمٍ أُوْلِي بَأۡسٖ شَدِيدٖ تُقَٰتِلُونَهُمۡ أَوۡ يُسۡلِمُونَۖ فَإِن تُطِيعُواْ يُؤۡتِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ أَجۡرًا حَسَنٗاۖ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوۡاْ كَمَا تَوَلَّيۡتُم مِّن قَبۡلُ يُعَذِّبۡكُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمٗا ١٦
Say to those who remained behind of the bedouins, "You will be called to [face] a people of great military might; you may fight them, or they will submit.1 So if you obey, Allāh will give you a good reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before, He will punish you with a painful punishment."
1 translator’s note
- To Allāh in Islām. ↩
48:17
لَّيۡسَ عَلَى ٱلۡأَعۡمَىٰ حَرَجٞ وَلَا عَلَى ٱلۡأَعۡرَجِ حَرَجٞ وَلَا عَلَى ٱلۡمَرِيضِ حَرَجٞۗ وَمَن يُطِعِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ يُدۡخِلۡهُ جَنَّٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُۖ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ يُعَذِّبۡهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيمٗا ١٧
There is not upon the blind any guilt or upon the lame any guilt or upon the ill any guilt [for remaining behind]. And whoever obeys Allāh and His Messenger - He will admit him to gardens beneath which rivers flow; but whoever turns away - He will punish him with a painful punishment.
48:18
۞ لَّقَدۡ رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ إِذۡ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحۡتَ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمۡ فَأَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَأَثَٰبَهُمۡ فَتۡحٗا قَرِيبٗا ١٨
Certainly was Allāh pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muḥammad], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquility upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest1
1 translator’s note
- That of Khaybar, which preceded the conquest of Makkah. ↩
48:19
وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةٗ يَأۡخُذُونَهَاۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمٗا ١٩
And much war booty which they will take. And ever is Allāh Exalted in Might and Wise.
48:20
وَعَدَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةٗ تَأۡخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمۡ هَٰذِهِۦ وَكَفَّ أَيۡدِيَ ٱلنَّاسِ عَنكُمۡ وَلِتَكُونَ ءَايَةٗ لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَيَهۡدِيَكُمۡ صِرَٰطٗا مُّسۡتَقِيمٗا ٢٠
Allāh has promised you much booty that you will take [in the future] and has hastened for you this [victory] and withheld the hands of people from you - that it may be a sign for the believers and [that] He may guide you to a straight path.
48:21
وَأُخۡرَىٰ لَمۡ تَقۡدِرُواْ عَلَيۡهَا قَدۡ أَحَاطَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَاۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٗا ٢١
And [He promises] other [victories] that you were [so far] unable to [realize] which Allāh has already encompassed.1 And ever is Allāh, over all things, competent.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., prepared for you or decreed. ↩
48:22
وَلَوۡ قَٰتَلَكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَوَلَّوُاْ ٱلۡأَدۡبَٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُونَ وَلِيّٗا وَلَا نَصِيرٗا ٢٢
And if those [Makkans] who disbelieve had fought you, they would have turned their backs [in flight]. Then they would not find a protector or a helper.
48:23
سُنَّةَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّتِي قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلُۖ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ ٱللَّهِ تَبۡدِيلٗا ٢٣
[This is] the established way of Allāh which has occurred before. And never will you find in the way of Allāh any change.