Al-Ma'idah 5:20
The Table Spread · Juz 6 · Page 111
وَإِذۡ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوۡمِهِۦ يَٰقَوۡمِ ٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذۡ جَعَلَ فِيكُمۡ أَنۢبِيَآءَ وَجَعَلَكُم مُّلُوكٗا وَءَاتَىٰكُم مَّا لَمۡ يُؤۡتِ أَحَدٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٢٠
And [mention, O Muḥammad], when Moses said to his people, "O my people, remember the favor of Allāh upon you when He appointed among you prophets and made you possessors1 and gave you that which He had not given anyone among the worlds.
1 translator’s note
- Of all that you need - specifically, homes, wives and servants. Or "sovereigns," i.e., those of independent authority. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Ibn al-Jawzi
Medium
Change
Commentary on 5:20
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿إذْ جَعَلَ فِيكم أنْبِياءَ﴾ فِيهِمْ قَوْلانِ.
أحَدُهُما: أنَّهُمُ السَّبْعُونَ الَّذِينَ اخْتارَهم مُوسى، وانْطَلَقُوا مَعَهُ إلى الجَبَلِ، جَعَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ أنْبِياءَ بَعْدَ مُوسى، وهارُونَ، وهَذا قَوْلُ ابْنِ السّائِبِ، ومُقاتِلٍ.
والثّانِي: أنَّهُمُ الأنْبِياءُ الَّذِينَ أُرْسِلُوا مِن بَنِي إسْرائِيلَ بَعْدَ مُوسى، ذَكَرَهُ الماوَرْدِيُّ. وبِماذا جَعَلَهم مُلُوكًا؟ فِيهِ ثَمانِيَةُ أقْوالٍ.
أحَدُها: بِالمَنِّ والسَّلْوى والحَجَرِ. والثّانِي: بِأنْ جَعَلَ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنهم زَوْجَةً وخادِمًا. والثّالِثُ: بِالزَّوْجَةِ والخادِمِ والبَيْتِ، رُوِيَتْ هَذِهِ الثَّلاثَةُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ، وهَذا الثّالِثُ اخْتِيارُ الحَسَنِ، ومُجاهِدٍ. والرّابِعُ: بِالخادِمِ والبَيْتِ، قالَهُ عِكْرِمَةُ. والخامِسُ: بِتَمْلِيكِهِمُ الخَدَمَ، وكانُوا أوَّلَ مَن تَمَلَّكَ الخَدَمَ، ومَنِ اتَّخَذَ (p-٣٢٢)خادِمًا فَهو مَلِكٌ، قالَهُ قَتادَةُ. والسّادِسُ: بِكَوْنِهِمْ أحْرارًا يَمْلِكُ الإنْسانُ مِنهم نَفْسَهُ وأهْلَهُ ومالَهُ، قالَهُ السُّدِّيُّ. والسّابِعُ: بِالمَنازِلِ الواسِعَةِ، فِيها المِياهُ الجارِيَةُ، قالَهُ الضَّحّاكُ. والثّامِنُ: بِأنْ جَعَلَ لَهُمُ المُلْكَ والسُّلْطانَ، ذَكَرَهُ الماوَرْدِيُّ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وَآتاكم ما لَمْ يُؤْتِ أحَدًا مِنَ العالَمِينَ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيمَن خُوطِبَ بِهَذا عَلى قَوْلَيْنِ.
أحَدُهُما: أنَّهم قَوْمُ مُوسى، وهَذا مَذْهَبُ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ، ومُجاهِدٍ. قالَ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ: ويَعْنِي بِالعالَمِينَ: الَّذِينَ هم بَيْنَ ظَهْرانَيْهِمْ. وفي الَّذِي آتاهم ثَلاثَةُ أقْوالٍ.
أحَدُها: المَنُّ والسَّلْوى والحَجَرُ والغَمامُ، رَواهُ مُجاهِدٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ وقالَ بِهِ.
والثّانِي: أنَّهُ الدّارُ والخادِمُ والزَّوْجَةُ، رَواهُ عَطاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ. قالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: ما أُوتِيَ أحَدٌ مِنَ النِّعَمِ في زَمانِ قَوْمِ مُوسى ما أُوتُوا.
والثّالِثُ: كَثْرَةُ الأنْبِياءِ فِيهِمْ، ذَكَرَهُ الماوَرْدِيُّ.
والثّانِي: أنَّ الخِطابَ لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وهَذا مَذْهَبُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وأبِي مالِكٍ.
Page 111
5:18
وَقَالَتِ ٱلۡيَهُودُ وَٱلنَّصَٰرَىٰ نَحۡنُ أَبۡنَٰٓؤُاْ ٱللَّهِ وَأَحِبَّٰٓؤُهُۥۚ قُلۡ فَلِمَ يُعَذِّبُكُم بِذُنُوبِكُمۖ بَلۡ أَنتُم بَشَرٞ مِّمَّنۡ خَلَقَۚ يَغۡفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَلِلَّهِ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَاۖ وَإِلَيۡهِ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ١٨
But the Jews and the Christians say, "We are the children of Allāh and His beloved." Say, "Then why does He punish you for your sins?" Rather, you are human beings from among those He has created. He forgives whom He wills, and He punishes whom He wills. And to Allāh belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them, and to Him is the [final] destination.
5:19
يَٰٓأَهۡلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ قَدۡ جَآءَكُمۡ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمۡ عَلَىٰ فَتۡرَةٖ مِّنَ ٱلرُّسُلِ أَن تَقُولُواْ مَا جَآءَنَا مِنۢ بَشِيرٖ وَلَا نَذِيرٖۖ فَقَدۡ جَآءَكُم بَشِيرٞ وَنَذِيرٞۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ ١٩
O People of the Scripture, there has come to you Our Messenger to make clear to you [the religion] after a period [of suspension] of messengers, lest you say, "There came not to us any bringer of good tidings or a warner." But there has come to you a bringer of good tidings and a warner. And Allāh is over all things competent.
5:20
وَإِذۡ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوۡمِهِۦ يَٰقَوۡمِ ٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذۡ جَعَلَ فِيكُمۡ أَنۢبِيَآءَ وَجَعَلَكُم مُّلُوكٗا وَءَاتَىٰكُم مَّا لَمۡ يُؤۡتِ أَحَدٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٢٠
And [mention, O Muḥammad], when Moses said to his people, "O my people, remember the favor of Allāh upon you when He appointed among you prophets and made you possessors1 and gave you that which He had not given anyone among the worlds.
1 translator’s note
- Of all that you need - specifically, homes, wives and servants. Or "sovereigns," i.e., those of independent authority. ↩
5:21
يَٰقَوۡمِ ٱدۡخُلُواْ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ ٱلۡمُقَدَّسَةَ ٱلَّتِي كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡ وَلَا تَرۡتَدُّواْ عَلَىٰٓ أَدۡبَارِكُمۡ فَتَنقَلِبُواْ خَٰسِرِينَ ٢١
O my people, enter the blessed land [i.e., Palestine] which Allāh has assigned to you and do not turn back [from fighting in Allāh's cause] and [thus] become losers."
5:22
قَالُواْ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّ فِيهَا قَوۡمٗا جَبَّارِينَ وَإِنَّا لَن نَّدۡخُلَهَا حَتَّىٰ يَخۡرُجُواْ مِنۡهَا فَإِن يَخۡرُجُواْ مِنۡهَا فَإِنَّا دَٰخِلُونَ ٢٢
They said, "O Moses, indeed within it is a people of tyrannical strength, and indeed, we will never enter it until they leave it; but if they leave it, then we will enter."
5:23
قَالَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ أَنۡعَمَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِمَا ٱدۡخُلُواْ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡبَابَ فَإِذَا دَخَلۡتُمُوهُ فَإِنَّكُمۡ غَٰلِبُونَۚ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَتَوَكَّلُوٓاْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ ٢٣
Said two men from those who feared [to disobey] upon whom Allāh had bestowed favor, "Enter upon them through the gate, for when you have entered it, you will be predominant.1 And upon Allāh rely, if you should be believers."
1 translator’s note
- i.e., If you obey the command of Allāh trusting in Him, He will fulfill His promise to you. ↩