بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
An-Najm 53:2
The Star · Juz 27 · Page 526
مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمۡ وَمَا غَوَىٰ ٢
Your companion [i.e., Muḥammad] has not strayed, nor has he erred,
Tafsir · in Arabic
Abu as-Su'ud
Detailed
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Commentary on 53:2
﴿ما ضَلَّ صاحِبُكُمْ﴾ أيْ: ما عَدَلَ عَنْ طَرِيقِ الحَقِّ الَّذِي هو مَسْلَكُ الآخِرَةِ.
﴿وَما غَوى﴾ أيْ: وما اعْتَقَدَ باطِلًا قَطُّ أيْ: هو في غايَةِ الهُدى والرُّشْدِ ولَيْسَ مِمّا تَتَوَهَّمُونَهُ مِنَ الضَّلالِ والغِوايَةِ في شَيْءٍ أصْلًا، وأمّا عَلى الثّالِثِ فَلِأنَّهُ تَنْوِيهٌ بِشَأْنِ القرآن كَما أُشِيرَ إلَيْهِ في مَطْلَعِ سُورَةِ يَس وسُورَةِ الزُّخْرُفِ وتَنْبِيهٌ عَلى مَناطِ اهْتِدائِهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ ومَدارِ رَشادِهِ كَأنَّهُ قِيلَ: والقرآن الَّذِي هو عَلَمٌ في الهِدايَةِ إلى مَناهِجِ الدِّينِ ومَسالِكِ الحَقِّ ما ضَلَّ عَنْها مُحَمَّدٌ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ وما غَوى، والخِطابُ لِقُرَيْش وإيرادُهُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ بِعُنْوانِ صاحِبِيَّتِهِ لَهم ولِلْإيذانِ بِوُقُوفِهِمْ عَلى تَفاصِيلِ أحْوالِهِ الشَّرِيفَةِ وإحاطَتِهِمْ خُبْرًا بِبَراءَتِهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ مِمّا نَفى عَنْهُ بِالكُلِّيَّةِ واتِّصافِهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ بِغايَةِ الهُدى والرَّشادِ، فَإنَّ طُولَ صُحْبَتِهِمْ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ والسَّلامُ ومُشاهَدَتَهم لِمَحاسِنِ شُؤُونِهِ العَظِيمَةِ مُقْتَضِيَةٌ لِذَلِكَ حَتْمًا وتَقْيِيدُ القَسَمِ بِوَقْتِ الهَوِيِّ عَلى الوَجْهِ الأخِيرِ ظاهِرٌ، وأمّا عَلى الأوَّلَيْنِ فَلِأنَّ النَّجْمَ لا يَهْتَدِي بِهِ السّارِي عِنْدَ كَوْنِهِ في وسَطِ السَّماءِ ولا يُعْلَمُ المَشْرِقُ مِنَ المَغْرِبِ ولا الشَّمالُ مِنَ الجَنُوبِ وإنَّما يَهْتَدِي بِهِ عِنْدَ هُبُوطِهِ أوْ صُعُودِهِ مَعَ ما فِيهِ مِن كَمالِ المُناسِبَةِ لِما سَيُحْكى مِن تَدَلِّي جِبْرِيلَ مِنَ الأُفُقِ الأعْلى ودُنُوِّهِ مِنهُ عَلَيْهِما السَّلامُ هَذا هو اللّائِقُ بِشَأْنِ التَّنْزِيلِ الجَلِيلِ، وأمّا حَمْلُ هَوِيِّهُ عَلى انْتِثارِهِ يَوْمَ القِيامَةِ أوْ عَلى انْقِضاضِ النَّجْمِ الَّذِي يُرْجَمُ بِهِ أوْ حَمْلُ النَّجْمِ عَلى النَّباتِ وحَمْلُ هَوِيِّهِ عَلى سُقُوطِهِ عَلى الأرْضِ أوْ (p-155)عَلى ظُهُورِهِ مِنها فَمِمّا لا يُناسِبُ المَقامَ.
Page 526
سورة النجم
An-Najm
The Star · Meccan · 62 ayahs
بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
53:1
وَٱلنَّجۡمِ إِذَا هَوَىٰ ١
By the star when it descends,
53:2
مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمۡ وَمَا غَوَىٰ ٢
Your companion [i.e., Muḥammad] has not strayed, nor has he erred,
53:3
وَمَا يَنطِقُ عَنِ ٱلۡهَوَىٰٓ ٣
Nor does he speak from [his own] inclination.
53:4
إِنۡ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحۡيٞ يُوحَىٰ ٤
It is not but a revelation revealed,
53:5
عَلَّمَهُۥ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡقُوَىٰ ٥
Taught to him by one intense in strength [i.e., Gabriel] -
53:6
ذُو مِرَّةٖ فَٱسۡتَوَىٰ ٦
53:7
وَهُوَ بِٱلۡأُفُقِ ٱلۡأَعۡلَىٰ ٧
While he was in the higher [part of the] horizon.1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., in the sky, above the eastern horizon. ↩
53:8
ثُمَّ دَنَا فَتَدَلَّىٰ ٨
Then he approached and descended
53:9
فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوۡسَيۡنِ أَوۡ أَدۡنَىٰ ٩
And was at a distance of two bow lengths or nearer.
53:10
فَأَوۡحَىٰٓ إِلَىٰ عَبۡدِهِۦ مَآ أَوۡحَىٰ ١٠
And he revealed to His Servant1 what he revealed [i.e., conveyed].
1 translator’s note
- i.e., to the Servant of Allāh, Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ). ↩
53:11
مَا كَذَبَ ٱلۡفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَىٰٓ ١١
The heart1 did not lie [about] what it saw.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., mind or perception (of the Prophet [ﷺ]). ↩
53:12
أَفَتُمَٰرُونَهُۥ عَلَىٰ مَا يَرَىٰ ١٢
So will you dispute with him over what he saw?
53:13
وَلَقَدۡ رَءَاهُ نَزۡلَةً أُخۡرَىٰ ١٣
And he certainly saw him in another descent1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., on another occasion. During his ascent into the heavens (al-Miʿrāj), the Prophet (ﷺ) also saw Gabriel in his true form. ↩
53:14
عِندَ سِدۡرَةِ ٱلۡمُنتَهَىٰ ١٤
At the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary -
53:15
عِندَهَا جَنَّةُ ٱلۡمَأۡوَىٰٓ ١٥
Near it is the Garden of Refuge [i.e., Paradise] -
53:16
إِذۡ يَغۡشَى ٱلسِّدۡرَةَ مَا يَغۡشَىٰ ١٦
When there covered the Lote Tree that which covered [it].1
1 translator’s note
- Then and there he (ﷺ) saw Gabriel in angelic form. ↩
53:17
مَا زَاغَ ٱلۡبَصَرُ وَمَا طَغَىٰ ١٧
The sight [of the Prophet (ﷺ)] did not swerve, nor did it transgress [its limit].
53:18
لَقَدۡ رَأَىٰ مِنۡ ءَايَٰتِ رَبِّهِ ٱلۡكُبۡرَىٰٓ ١٨
He certainly saw of the greatest signs of his Lord.
53:19
أَفَرَءَيۡتُمُ ٱللَّٰتَ وَٱلۡعُزَّىٰ ١٩
So have you considered al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā?
53:20
وَمَنَوٰةَ ٱلثَّالِثَةَ ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰٓ ٢٠
And Manāt, the third - the other one?1
1 translator’s note
- The three names given in this and the previous verse are those of well-known "goddesses" which were worshipped by the pagan Arabs before the spread of Islām. ↩
53:21
أَلَكُمُ ٱلذَّكَرُ وَلَهُ ٱلۡأُنثَىٰ ٢١
Is the male for you and for Him the female?
53:22
تِلۡكَ إِذٗا قِسۡمَةٞ ضِيزَىٰٓ ٢٢
That, then, is an unjust division.1
1 translator’s note
- According to their own standards. ↩
53:23
إِنۡ هِيَ إِلَّآ أَسۡمَآءٞ سَمَّيۡتُمُوهَآ أَنتُمۡ وَءَابَآؤُكُم مَّآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلۡطَٰنٍۚ إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا ٱلظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهۡوَى ٱلۡأَنفُسُۖ وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَهُم مِّن رَّبِّهِمُ ٱلۡهُدَىٰٓ ٢٣
They are not but [mere] names you have named them - you and your forefathers - for which Allāh has sent down no authority. They follow not except assumption and what [their] souls desire, and there has already come to them from their Lord guidance.
53:24
أَمۡ لِلۡإِنسَٰنِ مَا تَمَنَّىٰ ٢٤
Or is there for man whatever he wishes?
53:25
فَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ وَٱلۡأُولَىٰ ٢٥
Rather, to Allāh belongs the Hereafter and the first [life].
53:26
۞ وَكَم مِّن مَّلَكٖ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ لَا تُغۡنِي شَفَٰعَتُهُمۡ شَيۡـًٔا إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِ أَن يَأۡذَنَ ٱللَّهُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَرۡضَىٰٓ ٢٦
And how many angels there are in the heavens whose intercession will not avail at all except [only] after Allāh has permitted [it] to whom He wills and approves.