Al-Hashr 59:23
The Exile · Juz 28 · Page 548
هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلۡمَلِكُ ٱلۡقُدُّوسُ ٱلسَّلَٰمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُ ٱلۡمُهَيۡمِنُ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡجَبَّارُ ٱلۡمُتَكَبِّرُۚ سُبۡحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ ٢٣
He is Allāh, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign,1 the Pure,2 the Perfection,3 the Grantor of Security,4 the Overseer,5 the Exalted in Might,6 the Compeller,7 the Superior.8 Exalted is Allāh above whatever they associate with Him.
8 translator’s notes
And owner of everything in existence.
[1659] i.e., transcendent above any aspect belonging to His creation. Also, the possessor and grantor of blessings.
[1660] Literally, "Free" from any imperfection. Also, "Peace" or "Soundness."
[1661] And safety, i.e., reassurance that His promise is always fulfilled. Also, He who bestows faith.
[1662] i.e., who observes, guards and protects. Also, "the Criterion."
[1663] Refer to footnote in 2:129.
[1664] Whose irresistible force is without limitation; the one above all things who compels the creation to be as He wills it. Also, "the Amender" or "the Rectifier" who repairs, restores, completes or sets something right once again, out of His mercy.
[1665] Supreme, complete and perfect in His essence, attributes and actions.
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Tafsir · in Arabic
Ar-Razi
Detailed
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Commentary on 59:23–24
أمّا قَوْلُهُ: ﴿المُتَكَبِّرُ﴾ فَفِيهِ وُجُوهٌ:
أحَدُها: قالَ ابْنُ عَبّاسٍ: الَّذِي تَكَبَّرَ بِرُبُوبِيَّتِهِ فَلا شَيْءَ مِثْلُهُ.
وثانِيها: قالَ قَتادَةُ: المُتَعَظِّمُ عَنْ كُلِّ سُوءٍ.
وثالِثُها: قالَ الزَّجّاجُ: الَّذِي تَعَظَّمَ عَنْ ظُلْمِ العِبادِ.
ورابِعُها: قالَ ابْنُ الأنْبارِيِّ: المُتَكَبِّرُ ذُو الكِبْرِياءِ، والكِبْرِياءُ عِنْدَ العَرَبِ: المُلْكُ، ومِنهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وتَكُونَ لَكُما الكِبْرِياءُ في الأرْضِ﴾ [يونس: ٧٨] .
واعْلَمْ أنَّ المُتَكَبِّرَ في حَقِّ الخَلْقِ اسْمُ ذَمٍّ؛ لِأنَّ المُتَكَبِّرَ هو الَّذِي يُظْهِرُ مِن نَفْسِهِ الكِبْرَ، وذَلِكَ نَقْصٌ في حَقِّ الخَلْقِ؛ لِأنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ كِبْرٌ ولا عُلُوٌّ، بَلْ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ إلّا الحَقارَةُ والذِّلَّةُ والمَسْكَنَةُ، فَإذا أظْهَرَ العُلُوَّ كانَ كاذِبًا، فَكانَ ذَلِكَ مَذْمُومًا في حَقِّهِ، أمّا الحَقُّ سُبْحانَهُ فَلَهُ جَمِيعُ أنْواعِ العُلُوِّ والكِبْرِياءِ، فَإذا أظْهَرَهُ فَقَدْ أرْشَدَ العِبادَ إلى تَعْرِيفِ جَلالِهِ وعُلُوِّهِ، فَكانَ ذَلِكَ في غايَةِ المَدْحِ في حَقِّهِ سُبْحانَهُ؛ ولِهَذا السَّبَبِ لَمّا ذَكَرَ هَذا الِاسْمَ قالَ: ﴿سُبْحانَ اللَّهِ عَمّا يُشْرِكُونَ﴾ كَأنَّهُ قِيلَ: إنَّ المَخْلُوقِينَ قَدْ يَتَكَبَّرُونَ ويَدَّعُونَ مُشارَكَةَ اللَّهِ في هَذا الوَصْفِ لَكِنَّهُ سُبْحانَهُ مُنَزَّهٌ عَنِ التَّكَبُّرِ الَّذِي هو حاصِلٌ لِلْخَلْقِ؛ لِأنَّهم ناقِصُونَ بِحَسَبِ ذَواتِهِمْ، فادِّعاؤُهُمُ الكِبْرَ يَكُونُ ضَمَّ نُقْصانِ الكَذِبِ إلى النُّقْصانِ الذّاتِيِّ، أمّا الحَقُّ سُبْحانَهُ فَلَهُ العُلُوُّ والعِزَّةُ، فَإذا أظْهَرَهُ كانَ ذَلِكَ ضَمَّ كَمالٍ إلى كَمالٍ، فَسُبْحانَ اللَّهِ عَمّا يُشْرِكُونَ في إثْباتِ صِفَةِ المُتَكَبِّرِيَّةِ لِلْخَلْقِ.
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ثُمَّ قالَ: ﴿هُوَ اللَّهُ الخالِقُ﴾ والخَلْقُ هو التَّقْدِيرُ، مَعْناهُ أنَّهُ يُقَدِّرُ أفْعالَهُ عَلى وُجُوهٍ مَخْصُوصَةٍ، فالخالِقِيَّةُ راجِعَةٌ إلى صِفَةِ الإرادَةِ.
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ثُمَّ قالَ: ﴿البارِئُ﴾ وهو بِمَنزِلَةِ قَوْلِنا: صانِعٌ ومُوجِدٌ، إلّا أنَّهُ يُفِيدُ اخْتِراعَ الأجْسامِ؛ ولِذَلِكَ يُقالُ في الخَلْقِ: بَرِيَّةٌ، ولا يُقالُ في الأعْراضِ الَّتِي هي كاللَّوْنِ والطَّعْمِ.
وأمّا المُصَوِّرُ: فَمَعْناهُ أنَّهُ يَخْلُقُ صُوَرَ الخَلْقِ عَلى ما يُرِيدُ، وقَدَّمَ ذِكْرَ الخالِقِ عَلى البارِئِ؛ لِأنَّ تَرْجِيحَ الإرادَةِ مُقَدَّمٌ عَلى تَأْثِيرِ القُدْرَةِ. وقَدَّمَ البارِئَ عَلى المُصَوِّرِ؛ لِأنَّ إيجادَ الذَّواتِ مُقَدَّمٌ عَلى إيجادِ الصِّفاتِ.
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ثُمَّ قالَ تَعالى: ﴿لَهُ الأسْماءُ الحُسْنى﴾ وقَدْ فَسَّرْناهُ في قَوْلِهِ: ﴿ولِلَّهِ الأسْماءُ الحُسْنى﴾ .
أمّا قَوْلُهُ: ﴿يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ ما في السَّماواتِ والأرْضِ وهو العَزِيزُ الحَكِيمُ﴾ فَقَدْ مَرَّ تَفْسِيرُهُ في أوَّلِ سُورَةِ الحَدِيدِ، واللَّهُ سُبْحانَهُ وتَعالى أعْلَمُ بِالصَّوابِ، والحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ العالَمِينَ، وصَلاتُهُ عَلى سَيِّدِنا مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ الأُمِّيِّ وعَلى آلِهِ وصَحْبِهِ أجْمَعِينَ، وسَلَّمَ تَسْلِيمًا كَثِيرًا.
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59:17
فَكَانَ عَٰقِبَتَهُمَآ أَنَّهُمَا فِي ٱلنَّارِ خَٰلِدَيۡنِ فِيهَاۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَٰٓؤُاْ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ١٧
So the outcome for both of them is that they will be in the Fire, abiding eternally therein. And that is the recompense of the wrongdoers.
59:18
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلۡتَنظُرۡ نَفۡسٞ مَّا قَدَّمَتۡ لِغَدٖۖ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَبِيرُۢ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ ١٨
O you who have believed, fear Allāh. And let every soul look to what it has put forth for tomorrow - and fear Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is Aware of what you do.
59:19
وَلَا تَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ نَسُواْ ٱللَّهَ فَأَنسَىٰهُمۡ أَنفُسَهُمۡۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡفَٰسِقُونَ ١٩
And be not like those who forgot Allāh, so He made them forget themselves. Those are the defiantly disobedient.
59:20
لَا يَسۡتَوِيٓ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ وَأَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِۚ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ هُمُ ٱلۡفَآئِزُونَ ٢٠
Not equal are the companions of the Fire and the companions of Paradise. The companions of Paradise - they are the attainers [of success].
59:21
لَوۡ أَنزَلۡنَا هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ عَلَىٰ جَبَلٖ لَّرَأَيۡتَهُۥ خَٰشِعٗا مُّتَصَدِّعٗا مِّنۡ خَشۡيَةِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَتِلۡكَ ٱلۡأَمۡثَٰلُ نَضۡرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ ٢١
If We had sent down this Qur’ān upon a mountain, you would have seen it humbled and splitting from fear of Allāh. And these examples We present to the people that perhaps they will give thought.
59:22
هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ عَٰلِمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِۖ هُوَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ٢٢
He is Allāh, other than whom there is no deity, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed.1 He is the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
1 translator’s note
- See footnotes to 6:73. ↩
59:23
هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلۡمَلِكُ ٱلۡقُدُّوسُ ٱلسَّلَٰمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُ ٱلۡمُهَيۡمِنُ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡجَبَّارُ ٱلۡمُتَكَبِّرُۚ سُبۡحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ ٢٣
He is Allāh, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign,1 the Pure,2 the Perfection,3 the Grantor of Security,4 the Overseer,5 the Exalted in Might,6 the Compeller,7 the Superior.8 Exalted is Allāh above whatever they associate with Him.
8 translator’s notes
And owner of everything in existence.
[1659] i.e., transcendent above any aspect belonging to His creation. Also, the possessor and grantor of blessings.
[1660] Literally, "Free" from any imperfection. Also, "Peace" or "Soundness."
[1661] And safety, i.e., reassurance that His promise is always fulfilled. Also, He who bestows faith.
[1662] i.e., who observes, guards and protects. Also, "the Criterion."
[1663] Refer to footnote in 2:129.
[1664] Whose irresistible force is without limitation; the one above all things who compels the creation to be as He wills it. Also, "the Amender" or "the Rectifier" who repairs, restores, completes or sets something right once again, out of His mercy.
[1665] Supreme, complete and perfect in His essence, attributes and actions.
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59:24
هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡخَٰلِقُ ٱلۡبَارِئُ ٱلۡمُصَوِّرُۖ لَهُ ٱلۡأَسۡمَآءُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُۥ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٢٤
He is Allāh, the Creator,1 the Producer,2 the Fashioner;3 to Him belong the best names.4 Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.5
5 translator’s notes
i.e., He who destined existence for His creation.
[1667] i.e., He who brings His creation into existence.
[1668] i.e., He who gives every creation its particular form.
[1669] Refer to the final paragraphs of the "Introduction" for a brief discussion of these attributes.
[1670] Refer to footnote in 6:18.
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