Al-A'raf 7:169
The Heights · Juz 9 · Page 172
فَخَلَفَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ خَلۡفٞ وَرِثُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ يَأۡخُذُونَ عَرَضَ هَٰذَا ٱلۡأَدۡنَىٰ وَيَقُولُونَ سَيُغۡفَرُ لَنَا وَإِن يَأۡتِهِمۡ عَرَضٞ مِّثۡلُهُۥ يَأۡخُذُوهُۚ أَلَمۡ يُؤۡخَذۡ عَلَيۡهِم مِّيثَٰقُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أَن لَّا يَقُولُواْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلۡحَقَّ وَدَرَسُواْ مَا فِيهِۗ وَٱلدَّارُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ خَيۡرٞ لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَۚ أَفَلَا تَعۡقِلُونَ ١٦٩
And there followed them successors who inherited the Scripture [while] taking the commodities1 of this lower life and saying, "It will be forgiven for us." And if an offer like it2 comes to them, they will [again] take it. Was not the covenant of the Scripture [i.e., the Torah] taken from them that they would not say about Allāh except the truth, and they studied what was in it? And the home of the Hereafter is better for those who fear Allāh, so will you not use reason?
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Baydawi
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Commentary on 7:169–170
﴿فَخَلَفَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ﴾ مِن بَعْدِ المَذْكُورِينَ. ﴿خَلْفٌ﴾ بَدَلُ سُوءٍ مَصْدَرٌ نُعِتَ بِهِ ولِذَلِكَ يَقَعُ عَلى الواحِدِ والجَمْعِ. وقِيلَ جَمْعٌ وهو شائِعٌ في الشَّرِّ والخَلْفُ بِالفَتْحِ في الخَيْرِ والمُرادُ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كانُوا في عَصْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ورِثُوا الكِتابَ التَّوْراةَ مِن أسْلافِهِمْ يَقْرَءُونَها ويَقِفُونَ عَلى ما فِيها. . . ﴿يَأْخُذُونَ عَرَضَ هَذا الأدْنى﴾ حُطامَ هَذا الشَّيْءِ الأدْنى يَعْنِي الدُّنْيا، وهو مِنَ الدُّنُوِّ أوِ الدَّناءَةِ وهو ما كانُوا يَأْخُذُونَ مِنَ الرِّشا في (p-41)الحُكُومَةِ وعَلى تَحْرِيفِ الكَلِمِ، والجُمْلَةُ حالٌ مِنَ الواوِ. ﴿وَيَقُولُونَ سَيُغْفَرُ لَنا﴾ لا يُؤاخِذُنا اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ ويَتَجاوَزُ عَنْهُ، وهو يَحْتَمِلُ العَطْفَ والحالَ والفِعْلُ مُسْنَدٌ إلى الجارِّ والمَجْرُورِ، أوْ مَصْدَرُ يَأْخُذُونَ. ﴿وَإنْ يَأْتِهِمْ عَرَضٌ مِثْلُهُ يَأْخُذُوهُ﴾ حالٌ مِنَ الضَّمِيرِ في لَنا أيْ: يَرْجُونَ المَغْفِرَةَ مُصِرِّينَ عَلى الذَّنْبِ عائِدِينَ إلى مِثْلِهِ غَيْرَ تائِبِينَ عَنْهُ. ﴿ألَمْ يُؤْخَذْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِيثاقُ الكِتابِ﴾ أيْ في الكِتابِ. ﴿أنْ لا يَقُولُوا عَلى اللَّهِ إلا الحَقَّ﴾ عَطْفُ بَيانٍ لِلْمِيثاقِ، أوْ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِهِ أيْ بِأنْ يَقُولُوا والمُرادُ تَوْبِيخُهم عَلى البَتِّ بِالمَغْفِرَةِ مَعَ عَدَمِ التَّوْبَةِ والدَّلالَةُ عَلى أنَّهُ افْتِراءٌ عَلى اللَّهِ وخُرُوجٌ عَنْ مِيثاقِ الكِتابِ. ﴿وَدَرَسُوا ما فِيهِ﴾ عُطِفَ عَلى ﴿ألَمْ يُؤْخَذْ﴾ مِن حَيْثُ المَعْنى فَإنَّهُ تَقْرِيرٌ، أوْ عَلى ﴿وَرِثُوا﴾ وهو اعْتِراضٌ. ﴿والدّارُ الآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ﴾ مِمّا يَأْخُذُ هَؤُلاءِ. ﴿أفَلا يَعْقِلُونَ﴾ فَيَعْلَمُوا ذَلِكَ ولا يَسْتَبْدِلُوا الأدْنى الدَّنِيءَ المُؤَدِّيَ إلى العِقابِ بِالنَّعِيمِ المُخَلَّدِ، وقَرَأ نافِعٌ وابْنُ عامِرٍ وحَفْصٌ ويَعْقُوبُ بِالتّاءِ عَلى التَّلْوِينِ. ﴿والَّذِينَ يُمَسِّكُونَ بِالكِتابِ وأقامُوا الصَّلاةَ﴾ عُطِفَ عَلى الَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ وقَوْلُهُ: ﴿أفَلا يَعْقِلُونَ﴾ اعْتِراضٌ أوْ مُبْتَدَأٌ خَبَرُهُ: ﴿إنّا لا نُضِيعُ أجْرَ المُصْلِحِينَ﴾ عَلى تَقْدِيرِ مِنهم، أوْ وُضِعَ الظّاهِرُ مَوْضِعَ المُضْمَرِ تَنْبِيهًا عَلى أنَّ الإصْلاحَ كالمانِعِ مِنَ التَّضْيِيعِ. وقَرَأ أبُو بَكْرٍ ﴿يُمَسِّكُونَ﴾ بِالتَّخْفِيفِ وإفْرادِ الإقامَةِ لِإنافَتِها عَلى سائِرِ أنْواعِ التَّمَسُّكاتِ.
Page 172
7:164
وَإِذۡ قَالَتۡ أُمَّةٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوۡمًا ٱللَّهُ مُهۡلِكُهُمۡ أَوۡ مُعَذِّبُهُمۡ عَذَابٗا شَدِيدٗاۖ قَالُواْ مَعۡذِرَةً إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَّقُونَ ١٦٤
And when a community among them said, "Why do you advise [or warn] a people whom Allāh is [about] to destroy or to punish with a severe punishment?" they [the advisors] said, "To be absolved before your Lord and perhaps they may fear Him."
7:165
فَلَمَّا نَسُواْ مَا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِۦٓ أَنجَيۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ يَنۡهَوۡنَ عَنِ ٱلسُّوٓءِ وَأَخَذۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ بِعَذَابِۭ بَـِٔيسِۭ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡسُقُونَ ١٦٥
And when they [i.e., those advised] forgot that by which they had been reminded, We saved those who had forbidden evil and seized those who wronged, with a wretched punishment, because they were defiantly disobeying.
7:166
فَلَمَّا عَتَوۡاْ عَن مَّا نُهُواْ عَنۡهُ قُلۡنَا لَهُمۡ كُونُواْ قِرَدَةً خَٰسِـِٔينَ ١٦٦
So when they were insolent about that which they had been forbidden, We said to them, "Be apes, despised."
7:167
وَإِذۡ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبۡعَثَنَّ عَلَيۡهِمۡ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ مَن يَسُومُهُمۡ سُوٓءَ ٱلۡعَذَابِۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَغَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١٦٧
And [mention] when your Lord declared that He would surely [continue to] send upon them until the Day of Resurrection those who would afflict them with the worst torment. Indeed, your Lord is swift in penalty; but indeed, He is Forgiving and Merciful.
7:168
وَقَطَّعۡنَٰهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أُمَمٗاۖ مِّنۡهُمُ ٱلصَّٰلِحُونَ وَمِنۡهُمۡ دُونَ ذَٰلِكَۖ وَبَلَوۡنَٰهُم بِٱلۡحَسَنَٰتِ وَٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ١٦٨
And We divided them throughout the earth into nations. Of them some were righteous, and of them some were otherwise. And We tested them with good [times] and bad that perhaps they would return [to obedience].
7:169
فَخَلَفَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ خَلۡفٞ وَرِثُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ يَأۡخُذُونَ عَرَضَ هَٰذَا ٱلۡأَدۡنَىٰ وَيَقُولُونَ سَيُغۡفَرُ لَنَا وَإِن يَأۡتِهِمۡ عَرَضٞ مِّثۡلُهُۥ يَأۡخُذُوهُۚ أَلَمۡ يُؤۡخَذۡ عَلَيۡهِم مِّيثَٰقُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أَن لَّا يَقُولُواْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلۡحَقَّ وَدَرَسُواْ مَا فِيهِۗ وَٱلدَّارُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ خَيۡرٞ لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَۚ أَفَلَا تَعۡقِلُونَ ١٦٩
And there followed them successors who inherited the Scripture [while] taking the commodities1 of this lower life and saying, "It will be forgiven for us." And if an offer like it2 comes to them, they will [again] take it. Was not the covenant of the Scripture [i.e., the Torah] taken from them that they would not say about Allāh except the truth, and they studied what was in it? And the home of the Hereafter is better for those who fear Allāh, so will you not use reason?
7:170
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُمَسِّكُونَ بِٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ ٱلۡمُصۡلِحِينَ ١٧٠
But those who hold fast to the Book [i.e., the Qur’ān] and establish prayer - indeed, We will not allow to be lost the reward of the reformers.