Al-AnfalJuz 10 · Page 182

Al-Anfal 8:41

The Spoils of War · Juz 10 · Page 182

۞ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَا غَنِمۡتُم مِّن شَيۡءٖ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمۡ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا يَوۡمَ ٱلۡفُرۡقَانِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡتَقَى ٱلۡجَمۡعَانِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ ٤١

And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allāh is one fifth of it and for the Messenger1 and for [his] near relatives2 and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler,3 if you have believed in Allāh and in that which We sent down to Our Servant4 on the day of criterion [i.e., decisive encounter] - the day when the two armies met [at Badr]. And Allāh, over all things, is competent.

4 translator’s notes
  1. To be spent in Allāh's cause.

    [449] The tribes of Banū Hāshim and Banū Muṭṭalib, who were not eligible for zakāh.

    [450] The remaining four fifths are divided among the soldiers.

    [451] Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ).

    ↩
  2. ↩
  3. ↩
  4. ↩

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Commentary on 8:41

﴿واعْلَمُوا أنَّما غَنِمْتُمْ﴾ "ما" بِمَعْنى الَّذِي، ولا يَجُوزُ أنْ يُكْتَبَ إلّا مَفْصُولًا إذْ لَوْ كُتِبَ مَوْصُولًا، لَوَجَبَ أنْ تَكُونَ ما كافَّةً. وغَنِمْتُمْ صِلَتُهُ، والعائِدُ مَحْذُوفٌ، والتَقْدِيرُ: الَّذِي غَنِمْتُمُوهُ ﴿مِن شَيْءٍ﴾ بَيانُهُ. قِيلَ: حَتّى الخَيْطِ والمِخْيَطِ ﴿فَأنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ﴾ والفاءُ إنَّما دَخَلَتْ لِما في "الَّذِي" مِن مَعْنى المُجازاةِ. وأنَّ وما عَمِلَتْ فِيهِ في مَوْضِعِ رَفْعٍ عَلى أنَّهُ خَبَرُ مُبْتَدَأٍ، تَقْدِيرُهُ: فالحُكْمُ: أنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهَ ﴿وَلِلرَّسُولِ ولِذِي القُرْبى واليَتامى والمَساكِينِ وابْنِ السَبِيلِ﴾ فالخُمُسُ كانَ في عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يُقَسَّمُ عَلى خَمْسَةِ أسْهُمٍ: سَهْمٌ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ، وسَهْمٌ لَذَوِي قَرابَتِهِ مِن بَنِي هاشِمٍ وبَنِي المُطَّلِبِ دُونَ بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ وبَنِي نَوْفَلٍ -اسْتَحَقُّوهُ حِينَئِذٍ بِالنُصْرَةِ لِقِصَّةِ عُثْمانَ وجُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعَمٍ- وثَلاثَةُ أسْهُمٍ لِلْيَتامى، والمَساكِينِ، وابْنِ السَبِيلِ. وأمّا بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَسَهْمُهُ ساقِطٌ بِمَوْتِهِ، وكَذَلِكَ سَهْمُ ذَوِي القُرْبى، وإنَّما يُعْطَوْنَ لِفَقْرِهِمْ، ولا يُعْطى أغْنِياؤُهم. فَيُقْسَمُ عَلى اليَتامى، والمَساكِينِ، وابْنِ السَبِيلِ. وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُما أنَّهُ كانَ (p-٦٤٦)عَلى سِتَّةٍ: لِلَّهِ والرَسُولِ سَهْمانِ، وسَهْمٌ لِأقارِبِهِ حَتّى قُبِضَ، فَأجْرى أبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ الخُمُسَ عَلى ثَلاثَةٍ، وكَذا عُمَرُ ومَن بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الخُلَفاءِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهم ومَعْنى لِلَّهِ ولِلرَّسُولِ: لِرَسُولِ اللهِ، كَقَوْلِهِ: ﴿واللهُ ورَسُولُهُ أحَقُّ أنْ يُرْضُوهُ﴾ [التَوْبَةُ: ٦٢] ﴿إنْ كُنْتُمْ آمَنتُمْ بِاللهِ﴾ فاعْمَلُوا بِهِ، وارْضَوْا بِهَذِهِ القِسْمَةِ، فالإيمانُ يُوجِبُ الرِضا بِالحُكْمِ، والعَمَلَ بِالعِلْمِ ﴿وَما أنْـزَلْنا﴾ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلى "بِاللهِ" أيْ: ﴿إنْ كُنْتُمْ آمَنتُمْ بِاللهِ﴾ وبِالمُنَزَّلِ ﴿عَلى عَبْدِنا يَوْمَ الفُرْقانِ﴾ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ ﴿يَوْمَ التَقى الجَمْعانِ﴾ الفَرِيقانِ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ والكافِرِينَ، والمُرادُ: ما أنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الآياتِ والمَلائِكَةِ والفَتْحِ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وهو بَدَلٌ مِن يَوْمَ الفُرْقانِ ﴿واللهُ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾ يَقْدِرُ عَلى أنْ يَنْصُرَ القَلِيلَ عَلى الكَثِيرِ، كَما فَعَلَ بِكم يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ.

Saheeh International · An-Nasafi · Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api · Quran Foundation

Page 182

Al-AnfalJuz 10 · Page 182

8:41

۞ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَا غَنِمۡتُم مِّن شَيۡءٖ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمۡ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا يَوۡمَ ٱلۡفُرۡقَانِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡتَقَى ٱلۡجَمۡعَانِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ ٤١

And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allāh is one fifth of it and for the Messenger1 and for [his] near relatives2 and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler,3 if you have believed in Allāh and in that which We sent down to Our Servant4 on the day of criterion [i.e., decisive encounter] - the day when the two armies met [at Badr]. And Allāh, over all things, is competent.

4 translator’s notes
  1. To be spent in Allāh's cause.

    [449] The tribes of Banū Hāshim and Banū Muṭṭalib, who were not eligible for zakāh.

    [450] The remaining four fifths are divided among the soldiers.

    [451] Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ).

    ↩
  2. ↩
  3. ↩
  4. ↩

8:42

إِذۡ أَنتُم بِٱلۡعُدۡوَةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَهُم بِٱلۡعُدۡوَةِ ٱلۡقُصۡوَىٰ وَٱلرَّكۡبُ أَسۡفَلَ مِنكُمۡۚ وَلَوۡ تَوَاعَدتُّمۡ لَٱخۡتَلَفۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡمِيعَٰدِ وَلَٰكِن لِّيَقۡضِيَ ٱللَّهُ أَمۡرٗا كَانَ مَفۡعُولٗا لِّيَهۡلِكَ مَنۡ هَلَكَ عَنۢ بَيِّنَةٖ وَيَحۡيَىٰ مَنۡ حَيَّ عَنۢ بَيِّنَةٖۗ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَسَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ٤٢

[Remember] when you were on the near side of the valley, and they were on the farther side, and the caravan was lower [in position] than you. If you had made an appointment [to meet], you would have missed the appointment. But [it was] so that Allāh might accomplish a matter already destined - that those who perished [through disbelief] would perish upon evidence and those who lived [in faith] would live upon evidence; and indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.

8:43

إِذۡ يُرِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلٗاۖ وَلَوۡ أَرَىٰكَهُمۡ كَثِيرٗا لَّفَشِلۡتُمۡ وَلَتَنَٰزَعۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَمۡرِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَلَّمَۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمُۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ٤٣

[Remember, O Muḥammad], when Allāh showed them to you in your dream as few; and if He had shown them to you as many, you [believers] would have lost courage and would have disputed in the matter [of whether to fight], but Allāh saved [you from that]. Indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts.

8:44

وَإِذۡ يُرِيكُمُوهُمۡ إِذِ ٱلۡتَقَيۡتُمۡ فِيٓ أَعۡيُنِكُمۡ قَلِيلٗا وَيُقَلِّلُكُمۡ فِيٓ أَعۡيُنِهِمۡ لِيَقۡضِيَ ٱللَّهُ أَمۡرٗا كَانَ مَفۡعُولٗاۗ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ ٤٤

And [remember] when He showed them to you, when you met, as few in your eyes, and He made you [appear] as few in their eyes so that Allāh might accomplish a matter already destined. And to Allāh are [all] matters returned.

8:45

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمۡ فِئَةٗ فَٱثۡبُتُواْ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرٗا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ ٤٥

O you who have believed, when you encounter a company [from the enemy forces], stand firm and remember Allāh much that you may be successful.

An-NasafiTafsir · 8:41

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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