Al-AnfalJuz 10 · Page 182

Al-Anfal 8:42

The Spoils of War · Juz 10 · Page 182

إِذۡ أَنتُم بِٱلۡعُدۡوَةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَهُم بِٱلۡعُدۡوَةِ ٱلۡقُصۡوَىٰ وَٱلرَّكۡبُ أَسۡفَلَ مِنكُمۡۚ وَلَوۡ تَوَاعَدتُّمۡ لَٱخۡتَلَفۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡمِيعَٰدِ وَلَٰكِن لِّيَقۡضِيَ ٱللَّهُ أَمۡرٗا كَانَ مَفۡعُولٗا لِّيَهۡلِكَ مَنۡ هَلَكَ عَنۢ بَيِّنَةٖ وَيَحۡيَىٰ مَنۡ حَيَّ عَنۢ بَيِّنَةٖۗ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَسَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ٤٢

[Remember] when you were on the near side of the valley, and they were on the farther side, and the caravan was lower [in position] than you. If you had made an appointment [to meet], you would have missed the appointment. But [it was] so that Allāh might accomplish a matter already destined - that those who perished [through disbelief] would perish upon evidence and those who lived [in faith] would live upon evidence; and indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.

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Commentary on 8:42

ثم قال الله تعالى: إِذْ أَنْتُمْ بِالْعُدْوَةِ الدُّنْيا، يعني: اذكروا هذه النعمة إذ كنتم بالعدوة الدنيا. قرأ ابن كثير وأبو عمرو بِالْعُدْوَةِ بالكسر، وقرأ الباقون بالضم ومعناهما واحد وهو:

شفير الوادي. ويقال عِدْوَةِ الوادي وعُدْوَتِهِ، يعني: كنتم على شاطئ الوادي مما يلي المدينة.

وَهُمْ بِالْعُدْوَةِ الْقُصْوى، يعني: من الجانب الآخر مما يلي مكة، وَالرَّكْبُ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ يعني: العير أسفل منكم بثلاثة أميال على شاطئ البحر حين أقبلوا من الشام. وَلَوْ تَواعَدْتُمْ، أنتم والمشركون بالإجماع للقتال، لَاخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِي الْمِيعادِ أنتم والمشركون، وَلكِنْ جمع الله بينكم على غير ميعاد، لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْراً كانَ مَفْعُولًا يعني: كائناً. وكان من قضائه هزيمة الكفار، ونصرة محمد ﷺ وأصحابه.

قوله تعالى: لِيَهْلِكَ مَنْ هَلَكَ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ. يقول: ليكفر من أراد أن يكفر بعد البيان له من الله تعالى، وَيَحْيى مَنْ حَيَّ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ، يقول: ويؤمن من أراد أن يؤمن بعد البيان له من الله تعالى. وقال الكلبي: لِيَهْلِكَ مَنْ هَلَكَ على الكفر بعد البيان، وَيَحْيى مَنْ حَيَّ بالإيمان عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ ويقال: هذا وعيد من الله لأهل مكة يقول: ليقم على كفره من أراد أن يقيم بعد ما بينت له الحق ببدر، حين فرقت الحق من الباطل، وَيَحْيى يعني: يقم على الإيمان من أراد أن يقيم بعد ما أرسلت إليه الرسول، وأقمت عليه الحجة. قرأ نافع وعاصم في رواية أبي بكر، وابن كثير في رواية شبل البزي مِنْ حيي بإظهار الياءين، والباقون بياء واحدة، وأصله بياءين، إلا أن أحد الحرفين أدغم في الآخر، لأنهما من جنس واحد. ثم قال: وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَسَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ.

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Page 182

Al-AnfalJuz 10 · Page 182

8:41

۞ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَا غَنِمۡتُم مِّن شَيۡءٖ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمۡ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا يَوۡمَ ٱلۡفُرۡقَانِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡتَقَى ٱلۡجَمۡعَانِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ ٤١

And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allāh is one fifth of it and for the Messenger1 and for [his] near relatives2 and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler,3 if you have believed in Allāh and in that which We sent down to Our Servant4 on the day of criterion [i.e., decisive encounter] - the day when the two armies met [at Badr]. And Allāh, over all things, is competent.

4 translator’s notes
  1. To be spent in Allāh's cause.

    [449] The tribes of Banū Hāshim and Banū Muṭṭalib, who were not eligible for zakāh.

    [450] The remaining four fifths are divided among the soldiers.

    [451] Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ).

    ↩
  2. ↩
  3. ↩
  4. ↩

8:42

إِذۡ أَنتُم بِٱلۡعُدۡوَةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَهُم بِٱلۡعُدۡوَةِ ٱلۡقُصۡوَىٰ وَٱلرَّكۡبُ أَسۡفَلَ مِنكُمۡۚ وَلَوۡ تَوَاعَدتُّمۡ لَٱخۡتَلَفۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡمِيعَٰدِ وَلَٰكِن لِّيَقۡضِيَ ٱللَّهُ أَمۡرٗا كَانَ مَفۡعُولٗا لِّيَهۡلِكَ مَنۡ هَلَكَ عَنۢ بَيِّنَةٖ وَيَحۡيَىٰ مَنۡ حَيَّ عَنۢ بَيِّنَةٖۗ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَسَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ٤٢

[Remember] when you were on the near side of the valley, and they were on the farther side, and the caravan was lower [in position] than you. If you had made an appointment [to meet], you would have missed the appointment. But [it was] so that Allāh might accomplish a matter already destined - that those who perished [through disbelief] would perish upon evidence and those who lived [in faith] would live upon evidence; and indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.

8:43

إِذۡ يُرِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلٗاۖ وَلَوۡ أَرَىٰكَهُمۡ كَثِيرٗا لَّفَشِلۡتُمۡ وَلَتَنَٰزَعۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَمۡرِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَلَّمَۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمُۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ٤٣

[Remember, O Muḥammad], when Allāh showed them to you in your dream as few; and if He had shown them to you as many, you [believers] would have lost courage and would have disputed in the matter [of whether to fight], but Allāh saved [you from that]. Indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts.

8:44

وَإِذۡ يُرِيكُمُوهُمۡ إِذِ ٱلۡتَقَيۡتُمۡ فِيٓ أَعۡيُنِكُمۡ قَلِيلٗا وَيُقَلِّلُكُمۡ فِيٓ أَعۡيُنِهِمۡ لِيَقۡضِيَ ٱللَّهُ أَمۡرٗا كَانَ مَفۡعُولٗاۗ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ ٤٤

And [remember] when He showed them to you, when you met, as few in your eyes, and He made you [appear] as few in their eyes so that Allāh might accomplish a matter already destined. And to Allāh are [all] matters returned.

8:45

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمۡ فِئَةٗ فَٱثۡبُتُواْ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرٗا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ ٤٥

O you who have believed, when you encounter a company [from the enemy forces], stand firm and remember Allāh much that you may be successful.

As-SamarqandiTafsir · 8:42

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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