'AbasaJuz 30 · Page 585

'Abasa 80:17

He Frowned · Juz 30 · Page 585

قُتِلَ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ مَآ أَكۡفَرَهُۥ ١٧

Destroyed [i.e., cursed] is man;1 how disbelieving is he.

1 translator’s note
  1. i.e., those who deny Allāh's message. ↩

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Commentary on 80:17

(قوله تعالى) [[ما بين القوسين ساقط من (أ).]]: ﴿قُتِلَ الْإِنْسَانُ (مَا أَكْفَرَهُ) [[ما بين القوسين ساقط من (ع).]]﴾ هو قال ابن عباس: لعن عتبة [[لم أعثر على مصدر لقوله.]].

قال المفسرون: نزلت في (عتبة بن) [[ما بين القوسين ساقط من (أ).]] أبي لهب [[قال بذلك: الكلبي، ومقاتل، وابن جريج، والضحاك، وابن عباس، وعكرمة. انظر: "بحر العلوم" 3/ 448، "الكشف والبيان" 13/ 39 ب، "معالم التنزيل" 4/ 448، "زاد المسير" 8/ 183، "الجامع لأحكام القرآن" 19/ 215، "الدر المنثور" 8/ 419.

وحكاه الفخر عن المفسرين: "التفسير الكبير" 31/ 60. وانظر هذا القول عنهم أيضًا في: "لباب التأويل" 4/ 354، "البحر المحيط" 8/ 28، "فتح القدير" 5/ 384، "لباب النقول" للسيوطي: 227.]].

﴿مَا أَكْفَرَهُ﴾ قال مقاتل [["تفسير مقاتل" 229/ أ، "بحر العلوم" 3/ 448، "الكشف والبيان" 13/ 40 أ، "تفسير القرآن العظيم" 4/ 503.]]، الكلبي [[المراجع السابقة.]]: ما الذي أكفره.

وقال [[في (ع): قال.]] الفراء: بهذا الوجه جاء التفسير [[يعني بذلك ما ذهب إليه مقاتل، والكلبي من قوليهما: ما الذي أكفره.]]، ويجوز أن يكون تعجبًا [["معاني القرآن" 3/ 237 بمعناه. وإلى جواز الوجهين في معنى الآية ذهب الطبري في "جامع البيان" 30/ 54.

قال ابن عاشور: "وجملة "ما أكفره" تعليل لإنشاء الدعاء عليه دعاء التحقير والتهديد، وهذا تعجيب من شدة كفر هذا الإنسان، ثم قال: وهذه الجملة بلغت نهاية الإيجاز، وأرفع الجزالة بأسلوب غليظ قال على السخط، بالغ حد المذمة، جامع للملامة، ولم يسمع مثلها قبلها، فهي من جوامع الكلم القرآنية". التحرير والتنوير: 30/ 121.]].

وشرح الزجاج القولين، فقال: يكون على جهة لفظ التَّعّجُّبِ، ومعنى التعجب [مما] [[وردت في النسختين: ما، وقد أثبت ما جاء في معاني الزجاج لسلامته.]] يؤمر به الآدميون كقوله: ﴿فَمَا أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ﴾ [البقرة: 175] أي اعْجَبوا أنتم من كفر الإنسان.

(قال) [[ما بين القوسين ساقط من (أ).]]: ويجوز أن يكون على معنى التوبيخ [[قوله: على معنى التوبيخ: بياض في (ع).]]، ولفظه لفظ الاستفهام، أي: أيُّ شيء أكفره؟ [["معاني القرآن وإعرابه" 5/ 284 - 285 بيسير من الاختصار.]].

Saheeh International · Al-Wahidi (al-Basit) · Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api · Quran Foundation

Page 585

'AbasaJuz 30 · Page 585

سورة عبس

'Abasa

He Frowned · Meccan · 42 ayahs

بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

80:1

عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّىٰٓ ١

He [i.e., the Prophet (ﷺ) ] frowned and turned away

80:2

أَن جَآءَهُ ٱلۡأَعۡمَىٰ ٢

Because there came to him the blind man,1 [interrupting].

1 translator’s note
  1. ʿAbdullāh, the son of Umm Maktūm. ↩

80:3

وَمَا يُدۡرِيكَ لَعَلَّهُۥ يَزَّكَّىٰٓ ٣

But what would make you perceive, [O Muḥammad], that perhaps he might be purified1

1 translator’s note
  1. As a result of what he learns from you. ↩

80:4

أَوۡ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنفَعَهُ ٱلذِّكۡرَىٰٓ ٤

Or be reminded and the remembrance would benefit him?

80:5

أَمَّا مَنِ ٱسۡتَغۡنَىٰ ٥

As for he who thinks himself without need,1

1 translator’s note
  1. i.e., without need of faith or need of Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) . Here it is in reference to a certain influential member of the Quraysh whom the Prophet (ﷺ) had hoped to bring to Islām. ↩

80:6

فَأَنتَ لَهُۥ تَصَدَّىٰ ٦

To him you give attention.

80:7

وَمَا عَلَيۡكَ أَلَّا يَزَّكَّىٰ ٧

And not upon you [is any blame] if he will not be purified.1

1 translator’s note
  1. The Prophet (ﷺ) was responsible only for conveying the message, not for ultimate guidance. ↩

80:8

وَأَمَّا مَن جَآءَكَ يَسۡعَىٰ ٨

But as for he who came to you striving [for knowledge]

80:9

وَهُوَ يَخۡشَىٰ ٩

While he fears [Allāh],

80:10

فَأَنتَ عَنۡهُ تَلَهَّىٰ ١٠

From him you are distracted.

80:11

كـَلَّآ إِنَّهَا تَذۡكِرَةٞ ١١

No! Indeed, they [i.e., these verses] are a reminder;

80:12

فَمَن شَآءَ ذَكَرَهُۥ ١٢

So whoever wills may remember it.1

1 translator’s note
  1. The revelation. Or "Him," i.e., Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) . ↩

80:13

فِي صُحُفٖ مُّكَرَّمَةٖ ١٣

[It is recorded] in honored sheets,

80:14

مَّرۡفُوعَةٖ مُّطَهَّرَةِۭ ١٤

Exalted and purified,

80:15

بِأَيۡدِي سَفَرَةٖ ١٥

[Carried] by the hands of messenger-angels,

80:16

كِرَامِۭ بَرَرَةٖ ١٦

Noble and dutiful.

80:17

قُتِلَ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ مَآ أَكۡفَرَهُۥ ١٧

Destroyed [i.e., cursed] is man;1 how disbelieving is he.

1 translator’s note
  1. i.e., those who deny Allāh's message. ↩

80:18

مِنۡ أَيِّ شَيۡءٍ خَلَقَهُۥ ١٨

From what thing [i.e., substance] did He create him?

80:19

مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ خَلَقَهُۥ فَقَدَّرَهُۥ ١٩

From a sperm-drop He created him and destined for him;1

1 translator’s note
  1. His proportions, provisions, life span, etc. ↩

80:20

ثُمَّ ٱلسَّبِيلَ يَسَّرَهُۥ ٢٠

Then He eased the way for him;1

1 translator’s note
  1. Into this world (i.e., his birth) . It may also refer to life itself, which has been made easier by Allāh's guidance. ↩

80:21

ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُۥ فَأَقۡبَرَهُۥ ٢١

Then He causes his death and provides a grave for him.1

1 translator’s note
  1. To conceal his decaying body. ↩

80:22

ثُمَّ إِذَا شَآءَ أَنشَرَهُۥ ٢٢

Then when He wills, He will resurrect him.

80:23

كـَلَّا لَمَّا يَقۡضِ مَآ أَمَرَهُۥ ٢٣

No! He [i.e., man] has not yet accomplished what He commanded him.

80:24

فَلۡيَنظُرِ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِهِۦٓ ٢٤

Then let mankind look at his food -

80:25

أَنَّا صَبَبۡنَا ٱلۡمَآءَ صَبّٗا ٢٥

How We poured down water in torrents,

80:26

ثُمَّ شَقَقۡنَا ٱلۡأَرۡضَ شَقّٗا ٢٦

Then We broke open the earth, splitting [it with sprouts],

80:27

فَأَنۢبَتۡنَا فِيهَا حَبّٗا ٢٧

And caused to grow within it grain

80:28

وَعِنَبٗا وَقَضۡبٗا ٢٨

And grapes and herbage

80:29

وَزَيۡتُونٗا وَنَخۡلٗا ٢٩

And olive and palm trees

80:30

وَحَدَآئِقَ غُلۡبٗا ٣٠

And gardens of dense shrubbery

80:31

وَفَٰكِهَةٗ وَأَبّٗا ٣١

And fruit and grass -

80:32

مَّتَٰعٗا لَّكُمۡ وَلِأَنۡعَٰمِكُمۡ ٣٢

[As] enjoyment [i.e., provision] for you and your grazing livestock.

80:33

فَإِذَا جَآءَتِ ٱلصَّآخَّةُ ٣٣

But when there comes the Deafening Blast1

1 translator’s note
  1. The piercing blast of the Horn which signals resurrection. Aṣ-Ṣākhkhah is also a name for the Day of Resurrection. ↩

80:34

يَوۡمَ يَفِرُّ ٱلۡمَرۡءُ مِنۡ أَخِيهِ ٣٤

On the Day a man will flee from his brother

80:35

وَأُمِّهِۦ وَأَبِيهِ ٣٥

And his mother and his father

80:36

وَصَٰحِبَتِهِۦ وَبَنِيهِ ٣٦

And his wife and his children,

80:37

لِكُلِّ ٱمۡرِيٕٖ مِّنۡهُمۡ يَوۡمَئِذٖ شَأۡنٞ يُغۡنِيهِ ٣٧

For every man, that Day, will be a matter adequate for him.1

1 translator’s note
  1. i.e., to occupy him. He will be concerned only with himself, thus forgetting all others. ↩

80:38

وُجُوهٞ يَوۡمَئِذٖ مُّسۡفِرَةٞ ٣٨

[Some] faces, that Day, will be bright -

80:39

ضَاحِكَةٞ مُّسۡتَبۡشِرَةٞ ٣٩

Laughing, rejoicing at good news.

80:40

وَوُجُوهٞ يَوۡمَئِذٍ عَلَيۡهَا غَبَرَةٞ ٤٠

And [other] faces, that Day, will have upon them dust.

80:41

تَرۡهَقُهَا قَتَرَةٌ ٤١

Blackness will cover them.

80:42

أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡكَفَرَةُ ٱلۡفَجَرَةُ ٤٢

Those are the disbelievers, the wicked ones.

Al-Wahidi (al-Basit)Tafsir · 80:17

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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