بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
'Abasa 80:2
He Frowned · Juz 30 · Page 585
أَن جَآءَهُ ٱلۡأَعۡمَىٰ ٢
Because there came to him the blind man,1 [interrupting].
1 translator’s note
- ʿAbdullāh, the son of Umm Maktūm. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Qasimi
Detailed
Change
Commentary on 80:1–2
(p-٦٠٥٥)بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
سُورَةُ عَبَسَ
وتُسَمّى الصّاخِبَةَ. مَكِّيَّةٌ وآيُها اثْنَتانِ وأرْبَعُونَ.
(p-٦٠٥٦)بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
القَوْلُ في تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعالى:
[ ١- ٢ ] ﴿عَبَسَ وتَوَلّى﴾ ﴿أنْ جاءَهُ الأعْمى﴾ [عبس: ٢]
﴿عَبَسَ وتَوَلّى﴾ ﴿أنْ جاءَهُ الأعْمى﴾ [عبس: ٢] رَوى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وابْنُ أبِي حاتِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ، قالَ: ««بَيْنا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُناجِي عُتْبَةَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ وأبا جَهْلِ بْنَ هِشامٍ والعَبّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ، وكانَ يَتَصَدّى لَهم كَثِيرًا، ويَحْرِصُ عَلَيْهِمْ أنْ يُؤْمِنُوا»، فَأقْبَلَ إلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ أعْمى يُقالُ لَهُ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، يَمْشِي وهو يُناجِيهِمْ، فَجَعَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَسْتَقْرِئُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ آيَةً مِنَ القُرْآنِ وقالَ: يا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! عَلِّمْنِي مِمّا عَلَّمَكَ اللَّهُ «فَأعْرَضَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وعَبَسَ في وجْهِهِ، وتَوَلّى وكَرِهَ كَلامَهُ، وأقْبَلَ عَلى الآخَرِينَ فَلَمّا قَضى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَجْواهُ» وأخَذَ يَنْقَلِبُ إلى أهْلِهِ، أمْسَكَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَ بَصَرِهِ وخَفَقَ بِرَأْسِهِ ثُمَّ أنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعالى: "عَبَسَ وتَوَلّى" الآياتِ؛ فَلَمّا نَزَلَ فِيهِ ما نَزَلْ «أكْرَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وكَلَّمَهُ، وقالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ما حاجَتُكَ؟ هَلْ تُرِيدُ مِن شَيْءٍ؟ وإذا ذَهَبَ مِن عِنْدِهِ قالَ: هَلْ لَكَ حاجَةٌ في شَيْءٍ»» ؟
قالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ: وهَكَذا ذَكَرَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ومُجاهِدٌ وأبُو مالِكٍ وقَتادَةُ والضَّحّاكُ وابْنُ زَيْدٍ وغَيْرُ واحِدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ والخَلَفِ، أنَّها نَزَلَتْ في ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، والمَشْهُورُ أنَّ اسْمَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، ويُقالُ: عَمْرٌو. واللَّهُ أعْلَمُ. انْتَهى.
وقالَ الرّازِيُّ: أجْمَعَ المُفَسِّرُونَ عَلى أنَّ الَّذِي عَبَسَ وتَوَلّى هو الرَّسُولُ صَلَواتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، وأجْمَعُوا أنَّ الأعْمى هو ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ. قالَ الشِّهابُ: وهو مَكِّيٌّ قُرَشِيٌّ مِنَ المُهاجِرِينَ الأوَّلِينَ.
(p-٦٠٥٧)«وكانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَسْتَخْلِفُهُ عَلى المَدِينَةِ في أكْثَرِ غَزَواتِهِ». وكانَ ابْنَ خالِ خَدِيجَةَ أُمِّ المُؤْمِنِينَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْها.
وقِيلَ: عَمِيَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ بَعْدَ نُورٍ. وقِيلَ: وُلِدَ أعْمى؛ ولِذا لُقِّبَتْ أُمُّهُ أُمَّ مَكْتُومٍ. والتَّعَرُّضُ لِعُنْوانِ عَماهُ؛ إمّا لِتَمْهِيدِ عُذْرِهِ في الإقْدامِ عَلى قَطْعِ كَلامِهِ ﷺ وتَشاغُلِهِ بِالقَوْمِ، وإمّا لِزِيادَةِ الإنْكارِ، كَأنَّهُ قِيلَ: تَوَلّى لِكَوْنِهِ أعْمى. وكانَ يَجِبُ أنْ يَزِيدَهُ لِعَماهُ، تَعَطُّفًا وتَرَؤُّفًا وتَقْرِيبًا وتَرْحِيبًا.
Page 585
سورة عبس
'Abasa
He Frowned · Meccan · 42 ayahs
بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
80:1
عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّىٰٓ ١
He [i.e., the Prophet (ﷺ) ] frowned and turned away
80:2
أَن جَآءَهُ ٱلۡأَعۡمَىٰ ٢
Because there came to him the blind man,1 [interrupting].
1 translator’s note
- ʿAbdullāh, the son of Umm Maktūm. ↩
80:3
وَمَا يُدۡرِيكَ لَعَلَّهُۥ يَزَّكَّىٰٓ ٣
But what would make you perceive, [O Muḥammad], that perhaps he might be purified1
1 translator’s note
- As a result of what he learns from you. ↩
80:4
أَوۡ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنفَعَهُ ٱلذِّكۡرَىٰٓ ٤
Or be reminded and the remembrance would benefit him?
80:5
أَمَّا مَنِ ٱسۡتَغۡنَىٰ ٥
As for he who thinks himself without need,1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., without need of faith or need of Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) . Here it is in reference to a certain influential member of the Quraysh whom the Prophet (ﷺ) had hoped to bring to Islām. ↩
80:6
فَأَنتَ لَهُۥ تَصَدَّىٰ ٦
To him you give attention.
80:7
وَمَا عَلَيۡكَ أَلَّا يَزَّكَّىٰ ٧
And not upon you [is any blame] if he will not be purified.1
1 translator’s note
- The Prophet (ﷺ) was responsible only for conveying the message, not for ultimate guidance. ↩
80:8
وَأَمَّا مَن جَآءَكَ يَسۡعَىٰ ٨
But as for he who came to you striving [for knowledge]
80:9
وَهُوَ يَخۡشَىٰ ٩
While he fears [Allāh],
80:10
فَأَنتَ عَنۡهُ تَلَهَّىٰ ١٠
From him you are distracted.
80:11
كـَلَّآ إِنَّهَا تَذۡكِرَةٞ ١١
No! Indeed, they [i.e., these verses] are a reminder;
80:12
فَمَن شَآءَ ذَكَرَهُۥ ١٢
So whoever wills may remember it.1
1 translator’s note
- The revelation. Or "Him," i.e., Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) . ↩
80:13
فِي صُحُفٖ مُّكَرَّمَةٖ ١٣
[It is recorded] in honored sheets,
80:14
مَّرۡفُوعَةٖ مُّطَهَّرَةِۭ ١٤
Exalted and purified,
80:15
بِأَيۡدِي سَفَرَةٖ ١٥
[Carried] by the hands of messenger-angels,
80:16
كِرَامِۭ بَرَرَةٖ ١٦
Noble and dutiful.
80:17
قُتِلَ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ مَآ أَكۡفَرَهُۥ ١٧
Destroyed [i.e., cursed] is man;1 how disbelieving is he.
1 translator’s note
- i.e., those who deny Allāh's message. ↩
80:18
مِنۡ أَيِّ شَيۡءٍ خَلَقَهُۥ ١٨
From what thing [i.e., substance] did He create him?
80:19
مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ خَلَقَهُۥ فَقَدَّرَهُۥ ١٩
From a sperm-drop He created him and destined for him;1
1 translator’s note
- His proportions, provisions, life span, etc. ↩
80:20
ثُمَّ ٱلسَّبِيلَ يَسَّرَهُۥ ٢٠
Then He eased the way for him;1
1 translator’s note
- Into this world (i.e., his birth) . It may also refer to life itself, which has been made easier by Allāh's guidance. ↩
80:21
ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُۥ فَأَقۡبَرَهُۥ ٢١
Then He causes his death and provides a grave for him.1
1 translator’s note
- To conceal his decaying body. ↩
80:22
ثُمَّ إِذَا شَآءَ أَنشَرَهُۥ ٢٢
Then when He wills, He will resurrect him.
80:23
كـَلَّا لَمَّا يَقۡضِ مَآ أَمَرَهُۥ ٢٣
No! He [i.e., man] has not yet accomplished what He commanded him.
80:24
فَلۡيَنظُرِ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِهِۦٓ ٢٤
Then let mankind look at his food -
80:25
أَنَّا صَبَبۡنَا ٱلۡمَآءَ صَبّٗا ٢٥
How We poured down water in torrents,
80:26
ثُمَّ شَقَقۡنَا ٱلۡأَرۡضَ شَقّٗا ٢٦
Then We broke open the earth, splitting [it with sprouts],
80:27
فَأَنۢبَتۡنَا فِيهَا حَبّٗا ٢٧
And caused to grow within it grain
80:28
وَعِنَبٗا وَقَضۡبٗا ٢٨
And grapes and herbage
80:29
وَزَيۡتُونٗا وَنَخۡلٗا ٢٩
And olive and palm trees
80:30
وَحَدَآئِقَ غُلۡبٗا ٣٠
And gardens of dense shrubbery
80:31
وَفَٰكِهَةٗ وَأَبّٗا ٣١
And fruit and grass -
80:32
مَّتَٰعٗا لَّكُمۡ وَلِأَنۡعَٰمِكُمۡ ٣٢
[As] enjoyment [i.e., provision] for you and your grazing livestock.
80:33
فَإِذَا جَآءَتِ ٱلصَّآخَّةُ ٣٣
But when there comes the Deafening Blast1
1 translator’s note
- The piercing blast of the Horn which signals resurrection. Aṣ-Ṣākhkhah is also a name for the Day of Resurrection. ↩
80:34
يَوۡمَ يَفِرُّ ٱلۡمَرۡءُ مِنۡ أَخِيهِ ٣٤
On the Day a man will flee from his brother
80:35
وَأُمِّهِۦ وَأَبِيهِ ٣٥
And his mother and his father
80:36
وَصَٰحِبَتِهِۦ وَبَنِيهِ ٣٦
And his wife and his children,
80:37
لِكُلِّ ٱمۡرِيٕٖ مِّنۡهُمۡ يَوۡمَئِذٖ شَأۡنٞ يُغۡنِيهِ ٣٧
For every man, that Day, will be a matter adequate for him.1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., to occupy him. He will be concerned only with himself, thus forgetting all others. ↩
80:38
وُجُوهٞ يَوۡمَئِذٖ مُّسۡفِرَةٞ ٣٨
[Some] faces, that Day, will be bright -
80:39
ضَاحِكَةٞ مُّسۡتَبۡشِرَةٞ ٣٩
Laughing, rejoicing at good news.
80:40
وَوُجُوهٞ يَوۡمَئِذٍ عَلَيۡهَا غَبَرَةٞ ٤٠
And [other] faces, that Day, will have upon them dust.
80:41
تَرۡهَقُهَا قَتَرَةٌ ٤١
Blackness will cover them.
80:42
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡكَفَرَةُ ٱلۡفَجَرَةُ ٤٢
Those are the disbelievers, the wicked ones.