At-Tawbah 9:5
The Repentance · Juz 10 · Page 187
فَإِذَا ٱنسَلَخَ ٱلۡأَشۡهُرُ ٱلۡحُرُمُ فَٱقۡتُلُواْ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ حَيۡثُ وَجَدتُّمُوهُمۡ وَخُذُوهُمۡ وَٱحۡصُرُوهُمۡ وَٱقۡعُدُواْ لَهُمۡ كُلَّ مَرۡصَدٖۚ فَإِن تَابُواْ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَوُاْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ فَخَلُّواْ سَبِيلَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٥
And when the inviolable months1 have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakāh, let them [go] on their way. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
1 translator’s note
- The four months mentioned in verse 2, in which the disbelievers were allowed free movement within the land. Other scholars have interpreted them as "the sacred months," i.e., Muḥarram, Rajab, Dhul-Qaʿdah and Dhul-Ḥijjah. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
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Commentary on 9:5
قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿فَإِذا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهر الْحرم فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْركين﴾ رُوِيَ فِي التفاسير " أَن النَّبِي أجل الْمُشْركين الَّذين كَانَ بَينهم وَبَين النَّبِي عهد أَرْبَعَة أشهر، وَأجل الَّذين لم يكن بَين رَسُول الله وَبينهمْ عهد بَاقِي ذِي الْحجَّة وَالْمحرم وَهُوَ خَمْسُونَ لَيْلَة " فَهَذَا معنى الْآيَة.
فَإِن قيل: قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَإِذا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهر الْحرم﴾ وَمَا ذكرْتُمْ بعض الْأَشْهر الْحرم.
قُلْنَا: هَذَا الْقدر كَانَ مُتَّصِلا بِمَا مضى؛ فَأطلق عَلَيْهِ اسْم الْجَمِيع، وَمَعْنَاهُ: هُوَ مضى الْمدَّة الْمَعْرُوفَة الَّتِي تقع بعد انسلاخ الْأَشْهر الْحرم.
قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْركين حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ مَعْنَاهُ مَعْلُوم.
قَوْله ﴿وخذوهم﴾ ظَاهر. أَي: خذوهم أسرا؛ وَالْعرب تسمي الْأَسير أخيذا، وَفِي الْمثل: أكذب من أخيذ.
قَوْله تَعَالَى: ﴿واحصروهم﴾ يَعْنِي: واحبسوهم، يَعْنِي: حولوا بَينهم وَبَين الْمَسْجِد الْحَرَام، هَذَا هُوَ معنى الْحَبْس هَاهُنَا.
وَقَوله: ﴿واقعدوا لَهُم كل مرصد﴾ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَة: المرصد: الطّرق. يَعْنِي اقعدوا لَهُم بطرق مَكَّة حَتَّى لَا يصلوا إِلَى الْمَسْجِد الْحَرَام قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
(وَلَقَد علمت [وَلَا أخالك نَاسِيا] ... أَن الْمنية للفتى بالمرصد)
قَوْله: ﴿فَإِن تَابُوا﴾ يَعْنِي: آمنُوا ﴿وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاة وَآتوا الزَّكَاة فَخلوا سبيلهم﴾ يَعْنِي: خلوا سبيلهم ليصلوا إِلَى الْمَسْجِد الْحَرَام ﴿إِن الله غَفُور رَحِيم﴾ مَعْلُوم.
Page 187
سورة التوبة
At-Tawbah
The Repentance · Medinan · 129 ayahs
9:1
بَرَآءَةٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦٓ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ عَٰهَدتُّم مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ١
[This is a declaration of] disassociation, from Allāh and His Messenger, to those with whom you had made a treaty among the polytheists.1
1 translator’s note
- But who had violated it. ↩
9:2
فَسِيحُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَرۡبَعَةَ أَشۡهُرٖ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّكُمۡ غَيۡرُ مُعۡجِزِي ٱللَّهِ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡزِي ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٢
So travel freely, [O disbelievers], throughout the land [during] four months but know that you cannot cause failure to Allāh and that Allāh will disgrace the disbelievers.
9:3
وَأَذَٰنٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦٓ إِلَى ٱلنَّاسِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡحَجِّ ٱلۡأَكۡبَرِ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بَرِيٓءٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ وَرَسُولُهُۥۚ فَإِن تُبۡتُمۡ فَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۖ وَإِن تَوَلَّيۡتُمۡ فَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّكُمۡ غَيۡرُ مُعۡجِزِي ٱللَّهِۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ٣
And [it is] an announcement from Allāh and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage1 that Allāh is disassociated from the disbelievers, and [so is] His Messenger. So if you repent, that is best for you; but if you turn away - then know that you will not cause failure to Allāh.2 And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment.
9:4
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ عَٰهَدتُّم مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَنقُصُوكُمۡ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَمۡ يُظَٰهِرُواْ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَحَدٗا فَأَتِمُّوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِمۡ عَهۡدَهُمۡ إِلَىٰ مُدَّتِهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ٤
Excepted are those with whom you made a treaty among the polytheists and then they have not been deficient toward you in anything or supported anyone against you; so complete for them their treaty until their term [has ended]. Indeed, Allāh loves the righteous [who fear Him].
9:5
فَإِذَا ٱنسَلَخَ ٱلۡأَشۡهُرُ ٱلۡحُرُمُ فَٱقۡتُلُواْ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ حَيۡثُ وَجَدتُّمُوهُمۡ وَخُذُوهُمۡ وَٱحۡصُرُوهُمۡ وَٱقۡعُدُواْ لَهُمۡ كُلَّ مَرۡصَدٖۚ فَإِن تَابُواْ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَوُاْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ فَخَلُّواْ سَبِيلَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٥
And when the inviolable months1 have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakāh, let them [go] on their way. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
1 translator’s note
- The four months mentioned in verse 2, in which the disbelievers were allowed free movement within the land. Other scholars have interpreted them as "the sacred months," i.e., Muḥarram, Rajab, Dhul-Qaʿdah and Dhul-Ḥijjah. ↩
9:6
وَإِنۡ أَحَدٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ٱسۡتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرۡهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسۡمَعَ كَلَٰمَ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبۡلِغۡهُ مَأۡمَنَهُۥۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ لَّا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٦
And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of Allāh [i.e., the Qur’ān]. Then deliver him to his place of safety. That is because they are a people who do not know.