Ibn Abi ZamaninGhafir · 40:64–85

Ibn Abi Zamanin · Tafsir · in Arabic

Ghafir 40:64–85

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ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ قَرَارٗا وَٱلسَّمَآءَ بِنَآءٗ وَصَوَّرَكُمۡ فَأَحۡسَنَ صُوَرَكُمۡ وَرَزَقَكُم مِّنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتِۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّكُمۡۖ فَتَبَارَكَ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٦٤

It is Allāh who made for you the earth a place of settlement and the sky a structure [i.e., ceiling] and formed you and perfected your forms and provided you with good things. That is Allāh, your Lord; then blessed is Allāh, Lord of the worlds.

﴿اللَّهُ الَّذِي خلَقَ لَكُمُ الأَرْضَ قَرَارًا﴾ مثل قَوْله: ﴿بساطا﴾ و ﴿مهادا﴾ ﴿وَالسَّمَاء بِنَاء﴾ كَقَوْلِه: ﴿وَالسَّمَاء بنيناها بأيد﴾.

قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: كُلُّ مَا ارْتَفَعَ عَلَى الأَرْض فالعرب تسميه بِنَاء.

﴿وصوركم فَأحْسن صوركُمْ﴾ أَي: جعل صوركُمْ أحسن من صور الْبَهَائِم وَالطير.

﴿وَرَزَقَكُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَات﴾ قَالَ السُّدي: يَقُولُ جعل رزقكم أَطْيَبَ مِنْ رِزْقِ الدَّوَابِّ وَالطَّيْرِ وَالْجِنّ ﴿فَتَبَارَكَ الله﴾ تبَارك من الْبركَة.

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هُوَ ٱلۡحَيُّ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَٱدۡعُوهُ مُخۡلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَۗ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٦٥

He is the Ever-Living;1 there is no deity except Him, so call upon Him, [being] sincere to Him in religion. [All] praise is [due] to Allāh, Lord of the worlds.

No commentary for this ayah

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۞ قُلۡ إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنۡ أَعۡبُدَ ٱلَّذِينَ تَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ لَمَّا جَآءَنِيَ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ مِن رَّبِّي وَأُمِرۡتُ أَنۡ أُسۡلِمَ لِرَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٦٦

Say, [O Muḥammad], "Indeed, I have been forbidden to worship those you call upon besides Allāh once the clear proofs have come to me from my Lord, and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord of the worlds."

No commentary for this ayah

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هُوَ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن تُرَابٖ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطۡفَةٖ ثُمَّ مِنۡ عَلَقَةٖ ثُمَّ يُخۡرِجُكُمۡ طِفۡلٗا ثُمَّ لِتَبۡلُغُوٓاْ أَشُدَّكُمۡ ثُمَّ لِتَكُونُواْ شُيُوخٗاۚ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُتَوَفَّىٰ مِن قَبۡلُۖ وَلِتَبۡلُغُوٓاْ أَجَلٗا مُّسَمّٗى وَلَعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُونَ ٦٧

It is He who created you from dust, then from a sperm-drop, then from a clinging clot; then He brings you out as a child; then [He develops you] that you reach your [time of] maturity, then [further] that you become elders. And among you is he who is taken in death before [that], so that you reach a specified term;1 and perhaps you will use reason.

﴿هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ﴾ يَعْنِي: خلق آدم ﴿ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَة﴾ نسل آدم ﴿ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ﴾ الِاحْتِلَام ﴿ثمَّ لِتَكُونُوا شُيُوخًا﴾ يَعْنِي: من يبلغ حَتَّى يكون شَيخا ﴿وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّى﴾ مِنْ قَبْلُ أَن يكون شَيخا ﴿وَلِتَبْلُغُوا أَجَلا مُسَمّى﴾ الْمَوْت ﴿ولعلكم تعقلون﴾ لكَي تعقلوا.

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هُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُحۡيِۦ وَيُمِيتُۖ فَإِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمۡرٗا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ ٦٨

He it is who gives life and causes death; and when He decrees a matter, He but says to it, "Be," and it is.

No commentary for this ayah

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أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يُجَٰدِلُونَ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ أَنَّىٰ يُصۡرَفُونَ ٦٩

Do you not consider those who dispute concerning the signs of Allāh - how are they averted?

﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي آيَات الله﴾ يَعْنِي: يجحدون بآيَات اللَّه ﴿أَنَّى يصرفون﴾ كَيفَ يصرفون عَنْهَا؟! ﴿فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ﴾

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ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَبِمَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَا بِهِۦ رُسُلَنَاۖ فَسَوۡفَ يَعۡلَمُونَ ٧٠

Those who deny the Book [i.e., the Qur’ān] and that with which We sent Our messengers - they are going to know,

No commentary for this ayah

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إِذِ ٱلۡأَغۡلَٰلُ فِيٓ أَعۡنَٰقِهِمۡ وَٱلسَّلَٰسِلُ يُسۡحَبُونَ ٧١

When the shackles are around their necks and the chains; they will be dragged

﴿إِذِ الأَغْلالُ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ وَالسَّلاسِلُ يسْحَبُونَ﴾ تسحبهم الْمَلَائِكَة؛ أَي: تجرُّهم عَلَى وُجُوههم

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فِي ٱلۡحَمِيمِ ثُمَّ فِي ٱلنَّارِ يُسۡجَرُونَ ٧٢

In boiling water; then in the Fire they will be filled [with flame].

﴿فِي الْحَمِيمِ ثُمَّ فِي النَّارِ يسجرون﴾ أَي: توقد بهم النَّار.

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ثُمَّ قِيلَ لَهُمۡ أَيۡنَ مَا كُنتُمۡ تُشۡرِكُونَ ٧٣

Then it will be said to them, "Where is that which you used to associate [with Him in worship]

﴿أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتُمْ تُشْرِكُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ﴾ كَقَوْلِه: ﴿أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْبُدُونَ من دون الله﴾

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مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِۖ قَالُواْ ضَلُّواْ عَنَّا بَل لَّمۡ نَكُن نَّدۡعُواْ مِن قَبۡلُ شَيۡـٔٗاۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٧٤

Other than Allāh?" They will say, "They have departed from us; rather, we did not used to invoke previously anything." Thus does Allāh put astray the disbelievers.

﴿قَالُوا ضَلُّوا عَنَّا بل لم نَكُنْ ندعوا من قبل شَيْئا﴾ ينفعنا وَلَا يضرنا , قَالَ اللَّه: ﴿كَذَلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾

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ذَٰلِكُم بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَفۡرَحُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ بِغَيۡرِ ٱلۡحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَمۡرَحُونَ ٧٥

[The angels will say], "That was because you used to exult upon the earth without right and you used to behave insolently.

ثمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى قصَّتهم فَقَالَ: ﴿ذَلِكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَفْرَحُونَ فِي الأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنْتُمْ تمرحون﴾ الْفَرح والمرح وَاحِد؛ أَي: بِمَا كُنْتُم بطرين أشرين

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ٱدۡخُلُوٓاْ أَبۡوَٰبَ جَهَنَّمَ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَاۖ فَبِئۡسَ مَثۡوَى ٱلۡمُتَكَبِّرِينَ ٧٦

Enter the gates of Hell to abide eternally therein, and wretched is the residence of the arrogant."

﴿فبئس مثوى﴾ منزل ﴿المتكبرين﴾.

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فَٱصۡبِرۡ إِنَّ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٞۚ فَإِمَّا نُرِيَنَّكَ بَعۡضَ ٱلَّذِي نَعِدُهُمۡ أَوۡ نَتَوَفَّيَنَّكَ فَإِلَيۡنَا يُرۡجَعُونَ ٧٧

So be patient, [O Muḥammad]; indeed, the promise of Allāh is truth. And whether We show you some of what We have promised them or We take you in death, it is to Us they will be returned.

﴿فَإِمَّا نُرِيَنَّكَ بَعْضَ الَّذِي نَعِدُهُمْ﴾ من الْعَذَاب ﴿أَو نتوفينك﴾ فَيكون بعد وفاتك ﴿فَإِلَيْنَا يُرْجَعُونَ﴾ يَوْم الْقِيَامَة.

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وَلَقَدۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا رُسُلٗا مِّن قَبۡلِكَ مِنۡهُم مَّن قَصَصۡنَا عَلَيۡكَ وَمِنۡهُم مَّن لَّمۡ نَقۡصُصۡ عَلَيۡكَۗ وَمَا كَانَ لِرَسُولٍ أَن يَأۡتِيَ بِـَٔايَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۚ فَإِذَا جَآءَ أَمۡرُ ٱللَّهِ قُضِيَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَخَسِرَ هُنَالِكَ ٱلۡمُبۡطِلُونَ ٧٨

And We have already sent messengers before you. Among them are those [whose stories] We have related to you, and among them are those [whose stories] We have not related to you. And it was not for any messenger to bring a sign [or verse] except by permission of Allāh. So when the command of Allāh comes, it will be concluded [i.e., judged] in truth, and the falsifiers will thereupon lose [all].

﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِرَسُولٍ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِآيَةٍ إِلاَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ﴾ أَي: حَتَّى يَأْذَن اللَّه لَهُ فِيهَا , وَذَلِكَ أَنهم كَانُوا يسْأَلُون النَّبي ﷺ أَن يَأْتِيهم بِآيَة وَأَن الْآيَة إِذا جَاءَت فَلم يُؤمن الْقَوْم أهلكهم اللَّه.

قَالَ: ﴿فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَمر الله﴾ قَضَاؤُهُ ﴿قضي بِالْحَقِّ﴾ أَي: أهلكهم اللَّه بتكذيبهم ﴿وَخَسِرَ هُنَالك المبطلون﴾ [حِين جَاءَهُم] (ل ٣٠٦) الْعَذَاب ﴿المبطلون﴾ الْمُشْركُونَ.

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ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمَ لِتَرۡكَبُواْ مِنۡهَا وَمِنۡهَا تَأۡكُلُونَ ٧٩

It is Allāh who made for you the grazing animals upon which you ride, and some of them you eat.

No commentary for this ayah

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وَلَكُمۡ فِيهَا مَنَٰفِعُ وَلِتَبۡلُغُواْ عَلَيۡهَا حَاجَةٗ فِي صُدُورِكُمۡ وَعَلَيۡهَا وَعَلَى ٱلۡفُلۡكِ تُحۡمَلُونَ ٨٠

And for you therein are [other] benefits and that you may realize upon them a need which is in your breasts;1 and upon them and upon ships you are carried.

﴿وَلِتَبْلُغُوا عَلَيْهَا حَاجَة فِي صدوركم﴾ يَعْنِي: الْإِبِل وَالْحَاجة: السّفر

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وَيُرِيكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ فَأَيَّ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ تُنكِرُونَ ٨١

And He shows you His signs. So which of the signs of Allāh do you deny?

﴿ويريكم آيَاته﴾ يَعْنِي: من السَّمَاء وَالْأَرْض , وَالْخَلَائِق وَمَا فِي أَنفسكُم من الْآيَات , وَمَا سخر لكم من شيءٍ ﴿فَأَي آيَات الله تنكرون﴾ أَنه لَيْسَ من خلقه.

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أَفَلَمۡ يَسِيرُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَيَنظُرُواْ كَيۡفَ كَانَ عَٰقِبَةُ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡۚ كَانُوٓاْ أَكۡثَرَ مِنۡهُمۡ وَأَشَدَّ قُوَّةٗ وَءَاثَارٗا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَمَآ أَغۡنَىٰ عَنۡهُم مَّا كَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ ٨٢

Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those before them? They were more numerous than themselves and greater in strength and in impression on the land, but they were not availed by what they used to earn.

No commentary for this ayah

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فَلَمَّا جَآءَتۡهُمۡ رُسُلُهُم بِٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ فَرِحُواْ بِمَا عِندَهُم مِّنَ ٱلۡعِلۡمِ وَحَاقَ بِهِم مَّا كَانُواْ بِهِۦ يَسۡتَهۡزِءُونَ ٨٣

And when their messengers came to them with clear proofs, they [merely] rejoiced in what they had of knowledge, but they were enveloped by what they used to ridicule.

﴿فَرِحُوا بِمَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ﴾ يَعْنِي: علمهمْ عِنْد أنفسهم هُوَ قَوْلهم لن نبعث وَلنْ نعذب ﴿وحاق بهم﴾ وَجب عَلَيْهِم ﴿مَّا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُون﴾ أَي: عِقَاب استهزائهم.

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فَلَمَّا رَأَوۡاْ بَأۡسَنَا قَالُوٓاْ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَحۡدَهُۥ وَكَفَرۡنَا بِمَا كُنَّا بِهِۦ مُشۡرِكِينَ ٨٤

And when they saw Our punishment, they said, "We believe in Allāh alone and disbelieve in that which we used to associate with Him."

﴿فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا بأسنا﴾ عذابنا فِي الدُّنْيَا ﴿قَالُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ وَكَفَرْنَا بِمَا كُنَّا بِهِ مُشْرِكين﴾ أَي: بِمَا كُنَّا بِهِ مُصدقين من الشّرك.

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فَلَمۡ يَكُ يَنفَعُهُمۡ إِيمَٰنُهُمۡ لَمَّا رَأَوۡاْ بَأۡسَنَاۖ سُنَّتَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّتِي قَدۡ خَلَتۡ فِي عِبَادِهِۦۖ وَخَسِرَ هُنَالِكَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ ٨٥

But never did their faith benefit them once they saw Our punishment. [It is] the established way of Allāh which has preceded among His servants. And the disbelievers thereupon lost [all].

قَالَ اللَّه: ﴿فَلَمْ يَكُ يَنْفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانهم لما رَأَوْا بأسنا﴾ عذابنا ﴿سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي قَدْ خلت فِي عباده﴾ الْمُشْركين أَنهم إِذا كذبُوا رسلهم أهلكهم بِالْعَذَابِ , وَلَا يقبل إِيمَانهم عِنْد نزُول الْعَذَاب , قَالَ: ﴿وخسر هُنَالك الْكَافِرُونَ﴾.

قَالَ مُحَمَّد: ﴿سنة الله﴾ منصوبٌ عَلَى معنى: سنّ اللَّه هَذِه السنةَ فِي الْأُمَم كلهَا؛ أَلا يَنْفَعهُمْ الْإِيمَان إِذا رَأَوْا الْعَذَاب.

Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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