Al-Baqarah 2:53
The Cow · Juz 1 · Page 8
وَإِذۡ ءَاتَيۡنَا مُوسَى ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡفُرۡقَانَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَهۡتَدُونَ ٥٣
And [recall] when We gave Moses the Scripture and criterion1 that perhaps you would be guided.
1 translator’s note
- Differentiating between truth and falsehood. "The Scripture and criterion" refers to the Torah. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Biqa'i
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Commentary on 2:53
(p-٣٦٩)ولَمّا كانَ في ذَلِكَ دَلِيلٌ عَلى سُوءِ طِباعِهِمْ وعَكْسِ مِزاجِهِمْ وأنَّهم لا يَحْفَظُونَ عَهْدًا ولا يَسْتَقِيمُونَ عَلى نَهْجٍ ذَكَّرَهم بِنِعْمَةِ الكِتابِ الَّذِي مِن شَأْنِهِ الضَّبْطُ في جَمِيعِ الأحْوالِ بِالرُّجُوعِ إلَيْهِ عِنْدَ الضَّلالِ فَقالَ: وقالَ الحَرالِّيُّ: لَمّا ذَكَرَ تَعالى أمْرَ مُوسى عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وهو خاصُّ أمْرِهِمْ فَصَّلَ لَهم أمْرَ ما جاءَ بِهِ مُوسى وما كانَ مِنهم فِيما جاءَ بِهِ. انْتَهى. فَقالَ ﴿وإذْ آتَيْنا﴾ أيْ بِما لَنا مِنَ العَظَمَةِ ﴿مُوسى الكِتابَ﴾ أيِ الكامِلَ في نَفْسِهِ الجامِعَ لَكم عَلى طَرِيقِ الحَقِّ. ولَمّا كانَ الكِتابُ مَعَ كَوْنِهِ جامِعًا لِما أُرِيدَ مِنهُ فارِقًا بَيْنَ المُلْبِساتِ وصَفَهُ بُقَوْلِهِ ﴿والفُرْقانَ﴾ أيِ المُبَيِّنَ لِلْأشْياءِ عَلى ما هي عَلَيْهِ مِن غَيْرِ أنْ يَدَعَ في شَيْءٍ لَبْسًا. قالَ الحَرالِّيُّ: فَقَرَّرَهم عَلى أمْرَيْنِ مِنَ الكِتابِ الَّذِي فِيهِ أحْكامُ الأعْمالِ والفُرْقانِ الَّذِي فِيهِ أمْرُ العِلْمِ وهُما مِلاكُ حالِ إقامَةِ الدِّينِ بِالعِلْمِ والعَمَلِ؛ والفُرْقانُ: فُعْلانٌ (p-٣٧٠)لَفْظُ مُبالَغَةٍ يُفْهِمُ اسْتِغْراقًا وامْتِلاءً وعِظَمًا فِيما اسْتُعْمِلَ فِيهِ وهو في هَذا اللَّفْظِ مِنَ الفَرْقِ وهو إظْهارُ ما ألْبَسَتْهُ الحِكْمَةُ الظّاهِرَةُ لِلْأعْيُنِ بِالتِّبْيانِ لِفُرْقانِ لَبْسِهِ بِما تَسْمَعُهُ الأُذُنُ، وجاءَ فِيهِ بِكَلِمَةِ لَعَلَّ؛ إشْعارًا بِالإبْهامِ في أمْرِهِمْ وتَفْرِقَتِهِمْ بَيْنَ مُثْبِتٍ لِحُكْمِ الكِتابِ عامِلٍ بِهِ عالِمٍ بِطَيَّةِ الفُرْقانِ خَبِيرٍ بِهِ وبَيْنَ تارِكٍ لِحُكْمِ الكِتابِ غافِلٍ عَنْ عِلْمِ الفُرْقانِ. انْتَهى. فَقالَ تَعالى: ﴿لَعَلَّكم تَهْتَدُونَ﴾ أيْ لِيَكُونَ حالُكم حالَ مَن تُرْجى هِدايَتُهُ فَيَغْلِبُ حِلْمُهُ جَهْلَهُ وعَقْلُهُ شَهْوَتَهُ، ولِهَذا الخَتْمِ تَلاهُ بِما هَداهم بِهِ بِما ألْزَمَهم مِنَ (p-٣٧١)النِّقْمَةِ الزّاجِرَةِ عَنْ مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ مِن قَتْلِ الأنْفُسِ فَقالَ:
Page 8
2:49
وَإِذۡ نَجَّيۡنَٰكُم مِّنۡ ءَالِ فِرۡعَوۡنَ يَسُومُونَكُمۡ سُوٓءَ ٱلۡعَذَابِ يُذَبِّحُونَ أَبۡنَآءَكُمۡ وَيَسۡتَحۡيُونَ نِسَآءَكُمۡۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَآءٞ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ عَظِيمٞ ٤٩
And [recall] when We saved you [i.e., your forefathers] from the people of Pharaoh, who afflicted you with the worst torment, slaughtering your [newborn] sons and keeping your females alive. And in that was a great trial from your Lord.
2:50
وَإِذۡ فَرَقۡنَا بِكُمُ ٱلۡبَحۡرَ فَأَنجَيۡنَٰكُمۡ وَأَغۡرَقۡنَآ ءَالَ فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَأَنتُمۡ تَنظُرُونَ ٥٠
And [recall] when We parted the sea for you and saved you and drowned the people of Pharaoh while you were looking on.
2:51
وَإِذۡ وَٰعَدۡنَا مُوسَىٰٓ أَرۡبَعِينَ لَيۡلَةٗ ثُمَّ ٱتَّخَذۡتُمُ ٱلۡعِجۡلَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦ وَأَنتُمۡ ظَٰلِمُونَ ٥١
And [recall] when We made an appointment with Moses for forty nights. Then you took [for worship] the calf after him [i.e., his departure], while you were wrongdoers.
2:52
ثُمَّ عَفَوۡنَا عَنكُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ ذَٰلِكَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ ٥٢
Then We forgave you after that so perhaps you would be grateful.
2:53
وَإِذۡ ءَاتَيۡنَا مُوسَى ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡفُرۡقَانَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَهۡتَدُونَ ٥٣
And [recall] when We gave Moses the Scripture and criterion1 that perhaps you would be guided.
1 translator’s note
- Differentiating between truth and falsehood. "The Scripture and criterion" refers to the Torah. ↩
2:54
وَإِذۡ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوۡمِهِۦ يَٰقَوۡمِ إِنَّكُمۡ ظَلَمۡتُمۡ أَنفُسَكُم بِٱتِّخَاذِكُمُ ٱلۡعِجۡلَ فَتُوبُوٓاْ إِلَىٰ بَارِئِكُمۡ فَٱقۡتُلُوٓاْ أَنفُسَكُمۡ ذَٰلِكُمۡ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡ عِندَ بَارِئِكُمۡ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ٥٤
And [recall] when Moses said to his people, "O my people, indeed you have wronged yourselves by your taking of the calf [for worship]. So repent to your Creator and kill yourselves [i.e., the guilty among you]. That is best for [all of] you in the sight of your Creator." Then He accepted your repentance; indeed, He is the Accepting of Repentance, the Merciful.
2:55
وَإِذۡ قُلۡتُمۡ يَٰمُوسَىٰ لَن نُّؤۡمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّىٰ نَرَى ٱللَّهَ جَهۡرَةٗ فَأَخَذَتۡكُمُ ٱلصَّٰعِقَةُ وَأَنتُمۡ تَنظُرُونَ ٥٥
And [recall] when you said, "O Moses, we will never believe you until we see Allāh outright"; so the thunderbolt took you while you were looking on.
2:56
ثُمَّ بَعَثۡنَٰكُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ مَوۡتِكُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ ٥٦
Then We revived you after your death that perhaps you would be grateful.
2:57
وَظَلَّلۡنَا عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡغَمَامَ وَأَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡمَنَّ وَٱلسَّلۡوَىٰۖ كُلُواْ مِن طَيِّبَٰتِ مَا رَزَقۡنَٰكُمۡۚ وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَٰكِن كَانُوٓاْ أَنفُسَهُمۡ يَظۡلِمُونَ ٥٧
And We shaded you with clouds and sent down to you manna and quails, [saying], "Eat from the good things with which We have provided you." And they wronged Us not - but they were [only] wronging themselves.