بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
At-Talaq 65:2
The Divorce · Juz 28 · Page 558
فَإِذَا بَلَغۡنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمۡسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوفٖ وَأَشۡهِدُواْ ذَوَيۡ عَدۡلٖ مِّنكُمۡ وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلشَّهَٰدَةَ لِلَّهِۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ يُوعَظُ بِهِۦ مَن كَانَ يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ وَمَن يَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ يَجۡعَل لَّهُۥ مَخۡرَجٗا ٢
And when they have [nearly] fulfilled their term, either retain them according to acceptable terms or part with them according to acceptable terms. And bring to witness two just men from among you and establish the testimony for [the acceptance of] Allāh. That is instructed to whoever should believe in Allāh and the Last Day. And whoever fears Allāh - He will make for him a way out1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., relief from distress. ↩
Tafsir · in Arabic
Al-Alusi
Detailed
Change
Commentary on 65:2
﴿فَإذا بَلَغْنَ أجَلَهُنَّ﴾ شارَفْنَ آخِرَ عِدَّتِهِنَّ.
﴿فَأمْسِكُوهُنَّ﴾ فَراجِعُوهُنَّ ﴿بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ بِحُسْنِ مُعاشَرَةٍ وإنْفاقٍ مُناسِبٍ لِلْحالِ مِنَ الجانِبَيْنِ.
﴿أوْ فارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ﴾ بِإيفاءِ الحَقِّ واتِّقاءِ الضِّرارِ مِثْلَ أنْ يُراجِعَها ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُها تَطْوِيلًا لِلْعِدَّةِ.
﴿وأشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنكُمْ﴾ عِنْدَ الرَّجْعَةِ إنِ اخْتَرْتُمُوها أوِ الفُرْقَةِ إنِ اخْتَرْتُمُوها تَبَرِّيًا عَنِ الرِّيبَةِ وقَطْعًا لِلنِّزاعِ، وهَذا أمْرُ نَدْبٍ كَما في قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿وأشْهِدُوا إذا تَبايَعْتُمْ﴾ [البَقَرَةَ: 282]، وقالَ الشّافِعِيُّ في القَدِيمِ: إنَّهُ لِلْوُجُوبِ في الرَّجْعَةِ، وزَعَمَ الطَّبَرْسِيُّ أنَّ الظّاهِرَ أنَّهُ أمَرَ بِالإشْهادِ عَلى الطَّلاقِ وأنَّهُ مَرْوِيٌّ عَنْ أئِمَّةِ أهْلِ البَيْتِ رِضْوانُ اللَّهِ تَعالى عَلَيْهِمْ أجْمَعِينَ وأنَّهُ لِلْوُجُوبِ وشَرْطٌ في صِحَّةِ الطَّلاقِ ﴿وأقِيمُوا الشَّهادَةَ﴾ أيْ أيُّها الشُّهُودُ عِنْدَ الحاجَةِ ﴿لِلَّهِ﴾ خالِصًا لِوَجْهِهِ تَعالى، وفي الآيَةِ دَلِيلٌ عَلى بُطْلانِ قَوْلِ مَن قالَ: إنَّهُ إذا تَعاطَفَ أمْرانِ لِمَأْمُورَيْنِ يَلْزَمُ ذِكْرُ النِّداءِ أوْ يَقْبُحُ تَرْكُهُ نَحْوَ اضْرِبْ يا زَيْدُ وقُمْ يا عَمْرُو، ومَن خَصَّ جَوازَ التَّرْكِ بِلا قُبْحٍ بِاخْتِلافِهِما كَما في قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿يُوسُفُ أعْرِضْ عَنْ هَذا واسْتَغْفِرِي لِذَنْبِكِ﴾ [يُوسُفَ: 29] فَإنَّ المَأْمُورَ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعالى:
صفحة 135
﴿أشَهِدُوا﴾ لِلْمُطَلِّقِينَ وبِقَوْلِهِ سُبْحانَهُ: ﴿وأقِيمُوا الشَّهادَةَ﴾ لِلشُّهُودِ كَما أشَرْنا إلَيْهِ، وقَدْ تَعاطَفَ مِن غَيْرِ اخْتِلافٍ في أفْصَحِ الكَلامِ.
﴿ذَلِكم يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَن كانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ واليَوْمِ الآخِرِ﴾ أيْ لِأنَّهُ المُنْتَفِعُ بِذَلِكَ، والإشارَةُ عَلى ما اخْتارَهُ صاحِبُ الكَشّافِ إلى الحَثِّ عَلى إقامَةِ الشَّهادَةِ لِلَّهِ تَعالى، والأوْلى كَما في الكَشْفِ أنْ يَكُونَ إشارَةً إلى جَمِيعِ ما مَرَّ مِن إيقاعِ الطَّلاقِ عَلى وجْهِ السُّنَّةِ وإحْصاءِ العِدَّةِ والكَفِّ عَنِ الإخْراجِ والخُرُوجِ وإقامَةِ الشَّهادَةِ لِلرَّجْعَةِ أوِ المُفارَقَةِ لِيَكُونَ أشَدَّ مُلاءَمَةً لِقَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وجَلَّ: ﴿ومَن يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا﴾ .
Page 558
سورة الطلاق
At-Talaq
The Divorce · Medinan · 12 ayahs
بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
65:1
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ وَأَحۡصُواْ ٱلۡعِدَّةَۖ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّكُمۡۖ لَا تُخۡرِجُوهُنَّ مِنۢ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخۡرُجۡنَ إِلَّآ أَن يَأۡتِينَ بِفَٰحِشَةٖ مُّبَيِّنَةٖۚ وَتِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَقَدۡ ظَلَمَ نَفۡسَهُۥۚ لَا تَدۡرِي لَعَلَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحۡدِثُ بَعۡدَ ذَٰلِكَ أَمۡرٗا ١
O Prophet, when you [Muslims] divorce women, divorce them for [the commencement of] their waiting period and keep count of the waiting period,1 and fear Allāh, your Lord. Do not turn them out of their [husbands'] houses, nor should they [themselves] leave [during that period] unless they are committing a clear immorality. And those are the limits [set by] Allāh. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allāh has certainly wronged himself. You know not; perhaps Allāh will bring about after that a [different] matter.2
2 translator’s notes
See rulings in 2:228-233. A wife should not be divorced except after the completion of her menstrual period but before sexual intercourse has occurred, or else during a confirmed pregnancy. The pronouncement of divorce begins her waiting period (ʿiddah).
[1698] Such as regret or renewed desire for the wife.
↩- ↩
65:2
فَإِذَا بَلَغۡنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمۡسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوفٖ وَأَشۡهِدُواْ ذَوَيۡ عَدۡلٖ مِّنكُمۡ وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلشَّهَٰدَةَ لِلَّهِۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ يُوعَظُ بِهِۦ مَن كَانَ يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ وَمَن يَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ يَجۡعَل لَّهُۥ مَخۡرَجٗا ٢
And when they have [nearly] fulfilled their term, either retain them according to acceptable terms or part with them according to acceptable terms. And bring to witness two just men from among you and establish the testimony for [the acceptance of] Allāh. That is instructed to whoever should believe in Allāh and the Last Day. And whoever fears Allāh - He will make for him a way out1
1 translator’s note
- i.e., relief from distress. ↩
65:3
وَيَرۡزُقۡهُ مِنۡ حَيۡثُ لَا يَحۡتَسِبُۚ وَمَن يَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسۡبُهُۥٓۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بَٰلِغُ أَمۡرِهِۦۚ قَدۡ جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لِكُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدۡرٗا ٣
And will provide for him from where he does not expect. And whoever relies upon Allāh - then He is sufficient for him. Indeed, Allāh will accomplish His purpose. Allāh has already set for everything a [decreed] extent.
65:4
وَٱلَّٰٓـِٔي يَئِسۡنَ مِنَ ٱلۡمَحِيضِ مِن نِّسَآئِكُمۡ إِنِ ٱرۡتَبۡتُمۡ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَٰثَةُ أَشۡهُرٖ وَٱلَّٰٓـِٔي لَمۡ يَحِضۡنَۚ وَأُوْلَٰتُ ٱلۡأَحۡمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَن يَضَعۡنَ حَمۡلَهُنَّۚ وَمَن يَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ يَجۡعَل لَّهُۥ مِنۡ أَمۡرِهِۦ يُسۡرٗا ٤
And those who no longer expect menstruation among your women - if you doubt, then their period is three months, and [also for] those who have not menstruated. And for those who are pregnant, their term is until they give birth.1 And whoever fears Allāh - He will make for him of his matter ease.
1 translator’s note
- The ruling concerning pregnancy applies also in the case of the husband's death. ↩
65:5
ذَٰلِكَ أَمۡرُ ٱللَّهِ أَنزَلَهُۥٓ إِلَيۡكُمۡۚ وَمَن يَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ يُكَفِّرۡ عَنۡهُ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِۦ وَيُعۡظِمۡ لَهُۥٓ أَجۡرًا ٥
That is the command of Allāh, which He has sent down to you; and whoever fears Allāh - He will remove for him his misdeeds and make great for him his reward.