Tanwir al-Miqbas · Tafsir · in English
الزخرف
Az-Zukhruf
The Ornaments of Gold · Meccan · 89 ayahs
And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said in the interpretation of Allah's saying (Ha. Mim.): '(Ha. Mim.) He says: He has already decreed that which will happen, i.e. He has shown it.
(By the Scripture which maketh plain) he says: and I swear by the Scripture which makes plain the lawful and unlawful, the commands and prohibitions that that which will happen has already been decreed; it is also said Allah swore by the (Ha) and (Mim) and also by the Scripture which makes plain the commands and prohibitions, the lawful and unlawful,
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إِنَّا جَعَلۡنَٰهُ قُرۡءَٰنًا عَرَبِيّٗا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُونَ ٣
Indeed, We have made it an Arabic Qur’ān that you might understand.
(Lo! We have appointed it) We have spoken it, i.e. the Qur'an (a Lecture in Arabic) in the Arabic usage, hence the oath, (that haply ye may understand) so that you may know what is in the Qur'an of the lawful and unlawful, commands and prohibitions.
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وَإِنَّهُۥ فِيٓ أُمِّ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لَدَيۡنَا لَعَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٌ ٤
And indeed it is, in the Mother of the Book1 with Us, exalted and full of wisdom.2
(And lo! in the Source of Decrees) in the Guarded Tablet, (which We possess) where it is written, (it) i.e. the Qur'an (is indeed sublime) exalted, noble and glorious, (decisive) in explaining the lawful and the unlawful,
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أَفَنَضۡرِبُ عَنكُمُ ٱلذِّكۡرَ صَفۡحًا أَن كُنتُمۡ قَوۡمٗا مُّسۡرِفِينَ ٥
Then should We turn the message away, disregarding you, because you are a transgressing people?
(Shall We utterly ignore you) shall We remove from you, O people of Mecca, the revelation and the Messenger? Or shall We leave you uncared for, without commands or prohibitions (because ye are a wanton folk) because you are idolatrous folk who do not believe in Allah, as is in His foreknowledge?
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وَكَمۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن نَّبِيّٖ فِي ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ ٦
And how many a prophet We sent among the former peoples,
(How many a Prophet did We send) did We send before you, O Muhammad, (among the men of old) among bygone nations; We knew that they would not believe, but We nonetheless did not leave them without messengers and Scriptures!
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وَمَا يَأۡتِيهِم مِّن نَّبِيٍّ إِلَّا كَانُواْ بِهِۦ يَسۡتَهۡزِءُونَ ٧
But there would not come to them a prophet except that they used to ridicule him.
(And never came there unto them) i.e. to these past nations (a Prophet but they used to mock him) i.e. they used to mock the Prophet.
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فَأَهۡلَكۡنَآ أَشَدَّ مِنۡهُم بَطۡشٗا وَمَضَىٰ مَثَلُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ ٨
And We destroyed greater than them1 in [striking] power, and the example of the former peoples has preceded.
(Then we destroyed men mightier than these) mightier than the people of Mecca (in prowess) in strength and power; (and the example of the men of old hath gone (before them)) i.e. they were destroyed when they disbelieved in their messengers.
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وَلَئِن سَأَلۡتَهُم مَّنۡ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ خَلَقَهُنَّ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ ٩
And if you should ask them, "Who has created the heavens and the earth?" they would surely say, "They were created by the Exalted in Might, the Knowing,"
(And if thou (Muhammad) ask them) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca: (Who created the heavens and the earth, they) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca (will surely answer: The Mighty) in His dominion and sovereignty, (the Knower) of His providence and created beings (created them);
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ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ مَهۡدٗا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمۡ فِيهَا سُبُلٗا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تَهۡتَدُونَ ١٠
[The one] who has made for you the earth a bed and made for you upon it roads that you might be guided
Allah says: yes, He created them Him (Who made the earth a resting place for you, and placed roads for you therein, that haply ye may find your way) by means of the roads;
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وَٱلَّذِي نَزَّلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءَۢ بِقَدَرٖ فَأَنشَرۡنَا بِهِۦ بَلۡدَةٗ مَّيۡتٗاۚ كَذَٰلِكَ تُخۡرَجُونَ ١١
And who sends down rain from the sky in measured amounts, and We revive thereby a dead land - thus will you be brought forth -
(And who sendeth down water) rain (from the sky in (due) measure) according to the knowledge of the storer, (and We revive a dead land therewith) and We revive through it a barren land that had hitherto no vegetation. (Even so will ye be brought forth) Even so you will be revived and brought forth from the graves as We revive the barren land and bring forth from it vegetation;
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وَٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلۡأَزۡوَٰجَ كُلَّهَا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡفُلۡكِ وَٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمِ مَا تَرۡكَبُونَ ١٢
And who created the species, all of them, and has made for you of ships and animals those which you mount
(He Who created all the pairs) all the different kinds of created beings, (and appointed for you) and created for you (ships and cattle whereupon ye ride.
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لِتَسۡتَوُۥاْ عَلَىٰ ظُهُورِهِۦ ثُمَّ تَذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَةَ رَبِّكُمۡ إِذَا ٱسۡتَوَيۡتُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ وَتَقُولُواْ سُبۡحَٰنَ ٱلَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَٰذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُۥ مُقۡرِنِينَ ١٣
That you may settle yourselves upon their backs and then remember the favor of your Lord when you have settled upon them and say, "Exalted is He who has subjected this to us, and we could not have [otherwise] subdued it.1
That ye may mount upon their backs) i.e. the backs of camels, (and may remember your Lord's favour) for making them subdued for you (when ye mount thereon, and may say: Glorified be He Who hath subdued these) camels (unto us, and we were not capable (of subduing them)) and we were not capable of owning them or making them subdued;
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وَإِنَّآ إِلَىٰ رَبِّنَا لَمُنقَلِبُونَ ١٤
And indeed we, to our Lord, will [surely] return."
(And lo! unto our Lord we are returning) after we die.
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وَجَعَلُواْ لَهُۥ مِنۡ عِبَادِهِۦ جُزۡءًاۚ إِنَّ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ لَكَفُورٞ مُّبِينٌ ١٥
But they have attributed to Him from His servants a portion.1 Indeed, man is clearly ungrateful.
(And they allot to Him) they ascribe to Him (a portion of His bondmen) i.e. the angels! They claimed, i.e. Banu Malih, that the angels were Allah's daughters. (Lo! Man) i.e. the Banu Malih (is verily a mere ingrate) a disbeliever in Allah whose disbelief is quite apparent.
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أَمِ ٱتَّخَذَ مِمَّا يَخۡلُقُ بَنَاتٖ وَأَصۡفَىٰكُم بِٱلۡبَنِينَ ١٦
Or has He taken, out of what He has created, daughters and chosen you for [having] sons?
(Or chooseth He daughters of all that He hath created) i.e. of the angels, (and honours) and choose (He you) i.e. the Banu Malih (with sons?
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وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُم بِمَا ضَرَبَ لِلرَّحۡمَٰنِ مَثَلٗا ظَلَّ وَجۡهُهُۥ مُسۡوَدّٗا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ ١٧
And when one of them is given good tidings of that which he attributes to the Most Merciful in comparison [i.e., a daughter], his face becomes dark, and he suppresses grief.
And if one of them) one of the Banu Malih (hath tidings of that which he likeneth) of that which he ascribes (to the Beneficent One) i.e. daughters, (his countenance becometh black) of grief (and he is full of inward rage) would you then, O Banu Malih, like for Allah that which you do not like for yourselves?
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أَوَمَن يُنَشَّؤُاْ فِي ٱلۡحِلۡيَةِ وَهُوَ فِي ٱلۡخِصَامِ غَيۡرُ مُبِينٖ ١٨
So is one brought up in ornaments while being during conflict unevident1 [attributed to Allāh]?
((Liken they then to Allah) that which is bred up in outward show) in ornaments of gold and silver, (and in dispute) in speech (cannot make itself plain) whose argument is not strong, i.e. women, how could they be the daughters of Allah?
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وَجَعَلُواْ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةَ ٱلَّذِينَ هُمۡ عِبَٰدُ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ إِنَٰثًاۚ أَشَهِدُواْ خَلۡقَهُمۡۚ سَتُكۡتَبُ شَهَٰدَتُهُمۡ وَيُسۡـَٔلُونَ ١٩
And they described the angels, who are servants of the Most Merciful, as females. Did they witness their creation? Their testimony will be recorded, and they will be questioned.
(And they make the angels, who are the slaves of the Beneficent, females) the daughters of Allah. (Did they witness their creation) when they were created for them to know that they are females? They said: �no, O Muhammad, we did not witness their creation but we heard our fathers saying so�. Allah will say: �O Muhammad!� (Their testimony will be recorded) that they lie against Allah when they claim that the angels are Allah's daughters (and they will be questioned) about this claim on the Day of Judgement. In other words, when they claimed that the angels are Allah's daughters, they were asked: �did you witness their creation?� They said: �No!� �How did you then come to the conclusion that the angels are females and Allah's daughters?� They said: �We heard this from our fathers�. Allah said that their claim about the angels will be recorded and they will be questioned about it on the Day of Judgement.
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وَقَالُواْ لَوۡ شَآءَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ مَا عَبَدۡنَٰهُمۗ مَّا لَهُم بِذَٰلِكَ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍۖ إِنۡ هُمۡ إِلَّا يَخۡرُصُونَ ٢٠
And they said, "If the Most Merciful had willed, we would not have worshipped them." They have of that no knowledge. They are not but misjudging.
(And they) i.e. the Banu Malih (say: If the Beneficent One had (so) willed) if the Beneficent one had repelled and warned us, (we should not have worshipped them) they said this out of mockery, �but He commanded us to worship them and never warned us against such a worship�. (They have no knowledge whatsoever of that) they have no proof or warrant for what they say. (They do but guess) they do but lie against Allah because they were forbidden from worshipping them.
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أَمۡ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمۡ كِتَٰبٗا مِّن قَبۡلِهِۦ فَهُم بِهِۦ مُسۡتَمۡسِكُونَ ٢١
Or have We given them a book before it [i.e., the Qur’ān] to which they are adhering?
(Or have We given them any Scripture before) this Qur'an (so that they are holding fast thereto) so that they take such a belief from this Scripture?
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بَلۡ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّا وَجَدۡنَآ ءَابَآءَنَا عَلَىٰٓ أُمَّةٖ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰٓ ءَاثَٰرِهِم مُّهۡتَدُونَ ٢٢
Rather, they say, "Indeed, we found our fathers upon a religion, and we are in their footsteps [rightly] guided."
They said: �We do not have, O Muhammad, any other Scripture; but we found our fathers on this belief�. Allah said: (Nay, for they say only: Lo! we found our fathers following a religion, and we are guided by their footprints) and we are following their religion and actions.
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وَكَذَٰلِكَ مَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن قَبۡلِكَ فِي قَرۡيَةٖ مِّن نَّذِيرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ مُتۡرَفُوهَآ إِنَّا وَجَدۡنَآ ءَابَآءَنَا عَلَىٰٓ أُمَّةٖ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰٓ ءَاثَٰرِهِم مُّقۡتَدُونَ ٢٣
And similarly, We did not send before you any warner into a city except that its affluent said, "Indeed, we found our fathers upon a religion, and we are, in their footsteps, following."
(And even so) just as your own folk said (We sent not a warner) a warning prophet (before thee (Muhammad) into any township) to the inhabitants of any township (but its luxurious ones) the tyrants among them (said: Lo! We found our fathers following a religion) following this religion, (and we are following their footprints) and we are emulating their religion and actions.
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۞ قَٰلَ أَوَلَوۡ جِئۡتُكُم بِأَهۡدَىٰ مِمَّا وَجَدتُّمۡ عَلَيۡهِ ءَابَآءَكُمۡۖ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّا بِمَآ أُرۡسِلۡتُم بِهِۦ كَٰفِرُونَ ٢٤
[Each warner] said, "Even if I brought you better guidance than that [religion] upon which you found your fathers?" They said, "Indeed we, in that with which you were sent, are disbelievers."
(Say) to them, O Muhammad: (What! Even though I bring you better guidance) a truer religion (than that ye found your fathers following) would you not accept it? (They answered: Lo! in what ye bring) of Scripture (we are disbelievers) we are deniers.
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فَٱنتَقَمۡنَا مِنۡهُمۡۖ فَٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ كَانَ عَٰقِبَةُ ٱلۡمُكَذِّبِينَ ٢٥
So We took retribution from them; then see how was the end of the deniers.
(So We requited them) by sending punishment upon them when they denied the messengers and Scriptures. (Then see the nature of the consequence for the rejecters) then see the ultimate end of the deniers of Scriptures and messengers!
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وَإِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوۡمِهِۦٓ إِنَّنِي بَرَآءٞ مِّمَّا تَعۡبُدُونَ ٢٦
And [mention, O Muḥammad], when Abraham said to his father and his people, "Indeed, I am disassociated from that which you worship
(And when Abraham said unto his father) Azar (and his folk) when He was sent to them: (Lo! I am innocent of what ye worship
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إِلَّا ٱلَّذِي فَطَرَنِي فَإِنَّهُۥ سَيَهۡدِينِ ٢٧
Except for He who created me; and indeed, He will guide me."
Save Him Who did create me) except He Whom I worship, He Who created me, (for He will surely guide me) He will preserve me on His religion and obedience.
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وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةَۢ بَاقِيَةٗ فِي عَقِبِهِۦ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ٢٨
And he made it1 a word remaining among his descendants that they might return [to it].
(And he made It) i.e. �there is no deity except Allah� (a word enduring) firm (among his seed) the offspring of Abraham, (that haply they might return) that his folk may return from their disbelief to the belief in Allah's divine Oneness.
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بَلۡ مَتَّعۡتُ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ وَءَابَآءَهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡحَقُّ وَرَسُولٞ مُّبِينٞ ٢٩
However, I gave enjoyment to these [people of Makkah] and their fathers1 until there came to them the truth and a clear Messenger.2
(Nay, but I let these) the people of Mecca (and their fathers) before them (enjoy life (only) till there should come unto them the Truth) the Scripture (and a messenger making plain) who explains the Truth to these people in a language they understand.
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وَلَمَّا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡحَقُّ قَالُواْ هَٰذَا سِحۡرٞ وَإِنَّا بِهِۦ كَٰفِرُونَ ٣٠
But when the truth came to them, they said, "This is magic, and indeed we are, concerning it, disbelievers."
(And now that the Truth) the Scripture and Messenger (hath come unto them they say: This) i.e. this Scripture (is mere magic) is a mere lie, (and lo! we are disbelievers therein) in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an.
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وَقَالُواْ لَوۡلَا نُزِّلَ هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ عَلَىٰ رَجُلٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡقَرۡيَتَيۡنِ عَظِيمٍ ٣١
And they said, "Why was this Qur’ān not sent down upon a great man from [one of] the two cities?"1
(And they) i.e. the people of Mecca: al-Walid and his host (say: If only this Qur'an had been revealed to some great man of the two towns) i.e. to al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah and Abu Mas'ud al-Thaqafi from Mecca and Ta'if respectively?
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أَهُمۡ يَقۡسِمُونَ رَحۡمَتَ رَبِّكَۚ نَحۡنُ قَسَمۡنَا بَيۡنَهُم مَّعِيشَتَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۚ وَرَفَعۡنَا بَعۡضَهُمۡ فَوۡقَ بَعۡضٖ دَرَجَٰتٖ لِّيَتَّخِذَ بَعۡضُهُم بَعۡضٗا سُخۡرِيّٗاۗ وَرَحۡمَتُ رَبِّكَ خَيۡرٞ مِّمَّا يَجۡمَعُونَ ٣٢
Do they distribute the mercy of your Lord? It is We who have apportioned among them their livelihood in the life of this world and have raised some of them above others in degrees [of rank] that they may make use of one another for service. But the mercy of your Lord is better than whatever they accumulate.
(Is it they who apportion their Lord's mercy) i.e. your Lord's prophethood and Scriptures, such that they give it to whoever they will? (We have apportioned among them their livelihood) their wealth and children (in the life of the world, and raised some of them above others in rank) and We raised the merits of some above others in relation to wealth and offspring (that some of them may take labour from others) that some may use others in the capacity of servants and slaves; (and the mercy of thy Lord) i.e. prophethood and Scripture; and it is also said that this means: Paradise for the believers (is better than (the wealth) that they amass) is better than what the disbelievers amass of wealth and adornment in the life of the world.
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وَلَوۡلَآ أَن يَكُونَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ لَّجَعَلۡنَا لِمَن يَكۡفُرُ بِٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ لِبُيُوتِهِمۡ سُقُفٗا مِّن فِضَّةٖ وَمَعَارِجَ عَلَيۡهَا يَظۡهَرُونَ ٣٣
And if it were not that the people would become one community [of disbelievers],1 We would have made for those who disbelieve in the Most Merciful - for their houses - ceilings and stairways of silver upon which to mount.
(And were it not that mankind would have become one community) i.e. follow one religion, the religion of disbelief, (We might well have appointed, for those who disbelieve in the Beneficent, roofs) the roofs of their houses (of silver for their houses and stairs (of silver) whereby to mount) whereby to climb,
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وَلِبُيُوتِهِمۡ أَبۡوَٰبٗا وَسُرُرًا عَلَيۡهَا يَتَّكِـُٔونَ ٣٤
And for their houses - doors and couches [of silver] upon which to recline
(And for their houses doors (of silver) and couches of silver whereon to recline) to sleep,
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وَزُخۡرُفٗاۚ وَإِن كُلُّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمَّا مَتَٰعُ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۚ وَٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ عِندَ رَبِّكَ لِلۡمُتَّقِينَ ٣٥
And gold ornament. But all that is not but the enjoyment of worldly life. And the Hereafter with your Lord is for the righteous.
(And ornaments of gold) and all the gold and silver utensils of their houses. (Yet all that would have been but a provision of the life of the world) yet all that would be but the stuff of the life of the world. (And the Hereafter) i.e. Paradise (with your Lord would have been for those who keep from evil) for those who ward off disbelief, idolatry and indecencies; this is much better than the stuff of the life of the world.
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وَمَن يَعۡشُ عَن ذِكۡرِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ نُقَيِّضۡ لَهُۥ شَيۡطَٰنٗا فَهُوَ لَهُۥ قَرِينٞ ٣٦
And whoever is blinded from remembrance of the Most Merciful - We appoint for him a devil, and he is to him a companion.
(And he whose sight is dim to the remembrance of the Beneficent) and he who is blind to the declaration of the divine Oneness and Scripture of the Beneficent, (We assign unto him a devil who becometh his comrade) in the life of the world and in the Fire;
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وَإِنَّهُمۡ لَيَصُدُّونَهُمۡ عَنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَيَحۡسَبُونَ أَنَّهُم مُّهۡتَدُونَ ٣٧
And indeed, they [i.e., the devils] avert them from the way [of guidance] while they think that they are [rightly] guided
(And lo! They) i.e. the devils (surely turn them from the way of Allah) from the Truth and guidance, (and yet they deem that they are rightly guided) to the Truth and guidance;
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حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَآءَنَا قَالَ يَٰلَيۡتَ بَيۡنِي وَبَيۡنَكَ بُعۡدَ ٱلۡمَشۡرِقَيۡنِ فَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡقَرِينُ ٣٨
Until, when he comes to Us [at Judgement], he says [to his companion], "How I wish there was between me and you the distance between the east and west; and what a wretched companion."
(Till, when he) i.e. the son of Adam along with his comrade the devil, tied to one chain (cometh unto Us, he saith) unto his devil comrade: (Ah, would that between me and thee there were the distance of the two horizons, an evil comrade) and friend!
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وَلَن يَنفَعَكُمُ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ إِذ ظَّلَمۡتُمۡ أَنَّكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡعَذَابِ مُشۡتَرِكُونَ ٣٩
And never will it benefit you that Day, when you have wronged, that you are [all] sharing in the punishment.
(And it profiteth you not) Allah says: it profits you not (this day) such talk, (because ye did wrong) because you disbelieved in the life of the world, (that ye will be sharers in the doom) the devils and the children of Adam.
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أَفَأَنتَ تُسۡمِعُ ٱلصُّمَّ أَوۡ تَهۡدِي ٱلۡعُمۡيَ وَمَن كَانَ فِي ضَلَٰلٖ مُّبِينٖ ٤٠
Then will you make the deaf hear, [O Muḥammad], or guide the blind or he who is in clear error?
(Canst thou) O Muhammad (make the deaf to hear) make the one who pretends to be deaf hear the Truth and guidance, (or canst thou guide the blind) or guide the disbeliever to see the Truth and guidance (or him who is in error manifest) whom you cannot guide to the guidance?
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فَإِمَّا نَذۡهَبَنَّ بِكَ فَإِنَّا مِنۡهُم مُّنتَقِمُونَ ٤١
And whether [or not] We take you away [in death], indeed, We will take retribution upon them.
(And if We take thee away) if We make you die, (We surely shall take vengeance on them) by punishing them,
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أَوۡ نُرِيَنَّكَ ٱلَّذِي وَعَدۡنَٰهُمۡ فَإِنَّا عَلَيۡهِم مُّقۡتَدِرُونَ ٤٢
Or whether [or not] We show you that which We have promised them, indeed, We are Perfect in Ability.
(Or (if) We show thee that wherewith We threaten them) on the Day of Badr; (for lo! We have complete command of them) We are able to punish them before your death and after it.
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فَٱسۡتَمۡسِكۡ بِٱلَّذِيٓ أُوحِيَ إِلَيۡكَۖ إِنَّكَ عَلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٖ ٤٣
So adhere to that which is revealed to you. Indeed, you are on a straight path.
(So hold thou fast to) act upon (that which is inspired in you) i.e. the Qur'an. (Lo! thou) O Muhammad (art on a right path) are on an established religion with which Allah is pleased.
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وَإِنَّهُۥ لَذِكۡرٞ لَّكَ وَلِقَوۡمِكَۖ وَسَوۡفَ تُسۡـَٔلُونَ ٤٤
And indeed, it is a remembrance1 for you and your people, and you [all] are going to be questioned.
(And lo!) i.e. the Qur'an (is in truth a Reminder for thee) an honour for you (and for thy folk) the Quraysh because it is revealed in their own language; (and ye will be questioned) about the gratitude which is owed to such an honour.
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وَسۡـَٔلۡ مَنۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن قَبۡلِكَ مِن رُّسُلِنَآ أَجَعَلۡنَا مِن دُونِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ءَالِهَةٗ يُعۡبَدُونَ ٤٥
And ask those We sent before you of Our messengers; have We made besides the Most Merciful deities to be worshipped?
(And ask those of Our messengers) such as Jesus, Moses and Abraham; this was on the night when he was taken up to heaven and he led in prayer 70 prophets, among whom were Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Allah commanded His Prophet, saying: ask them (whom We sent before thee) O Muhammad: (Did We ever appoint gods to be worshipped beside the Beneficent) did We command that any other deity beside the Beneficent be worshipped? It is also said that this means: ask those unto whom We sent the messengers before you, i.e. the people of Book, did We appoint any other deities beside the Beneficent to be worshipped? And it is also said that this means: ask them, did the messengers bring anything other than the profession of Allah's divine Oneness; the Prophet did not have to ask because he was certain that Allah did not appoint any other deities to be worshipped beside Him.
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وَلَقَدۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مُوسَىٰ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ إِلَىٰ فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَمَلَإِيْهِۦ فَقَالَ إِنِّي رَسُولُ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٤٦
And certainly did We send Moses with Our signs to Pharaoh and his establishment, and he said, "Indeed, I am the messenger of the Lord of the worlds."
(And verily We sent Moses with Our revelations) the hand and the staff (unto Pharaoh and his chiefs) and his folk the Copts, (and he said: I am a messenger of the Lord of the Worlds) to you.
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فَلَمَّا جَآءَهُم بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ إِذَا هُم مِّنۡهَا يَضۡحَكُونَ ٤٧
But when he brought them Our signs, at once they laughed at them.
(But when he) Moses (brought them Our tokens) the hand and the staff, (behold! they laughed at them) they were first amazed but then mocked these signs, refusing thus to believe in them.
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وَمَا نُرِيهِم مِّنۡ ءَايَةٍ إِلَّا هِيَ أَكۡبَرُ مِنۡ أُخۡتِهَاۖ وَأَخَذۡنَٰهُم بِٱلۡعَذَابِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ ٤٨
And We showed them not a sign except that it was greater than its sister, and We seized them with affliction that perhaps they might return [to faith].
(And every token) sign (that We showed them was greater than its sister (token)) that We sent before it, even so they refused to believe, (and we grasped them with the torment) with the flood, locusts, lice, frogs, blood, shortage of foodstuffs and years of drought, (that haply they might turn again) that haply they might desist from their disbelief.
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وَقَالُواْ يَٰٓأَيُّهَ ٱلسَّاحِرُ ٱدۡعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ بِمَا عَهِدَ عِندَكَ إِنَّنَا لَمُهۡتَدُونَ ٤٩
And they said [to Moses], "O magician, invoke for us your Lord by what He has promised you. Indeed, we will be guided."
(And they said: O wizard) O knowledgeable wizard, as a form of respect, because magicians were venerated amongst them; (Entreat thy Lord for us by the pact that He hath made with thee) ask your Lord by the pact Allah made with you-the pact was that if they believed He will remove His punishment from them-this is why they asked him by the pact that Allah had made. (Lo! we verily will walk aright) we will believe in you and in that which you brought.
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فَلَمَّا كَشَفۡنَا عَنۡهُمُ ٱلۡعَذَابَ إِذَا هُمۡ يَنكُثُونَ ٥٠
But when We removed from them the affliction, at once they broke their word.
(But when We eased them of the torment) when We removed the torment from them, (behold! they broke their word) they broke their undertaking and refused to believe.
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وَنَادَىٰ فِرۡعَوۡنُ فِي قَوۡمِهِۦ قَالَ يَٰقَوۡمِ أَلَيۡسَ لِي مُلۡكُ مِصۡرَ وَهَٰذِهِ ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِيٓۚ أَفَلَا تُبۡصِرُونَ ٥١
And Pharaoh called out among his people; he said, "O my people, does not the kingdom of Egypt belong to me, and these rivers flowing beneath me; then do you not see?
(And Pharaoh caused a proclamation to be made among his people) Pharaoh delivered a sermon to his people, the Copts, (saying: O my people! Is not mine the sovereignty of Egypt) which is 40 square parasangs (and these rivers flowing under me) around me; it is also said what he meant here is: and these horses run around me? (Can ye not then discern?
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أَمۡ أَنَا۠ خَيۡرٞ مِّنۡ هَٰذَا ٱلَّذِي هُوَ مَهِينٞ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُبِينُ ٥٢
Or am I [not] better than this one [i.e., Moses] who is insignificant and hardly makes himself clear?1
I am surely better than this fellow, who is despicable) physically weak, (and can hardly make (his meaning) plain) his argument plain!
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فَلَوۡلَآ أُلۡقِيَ عَلَيۡهِ أَسۡوِرَةٞ مِّن ذَهَبٍ أَوۡ جَآءَ مَعَهُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ مُقۡتَرِنِينَ ٥٣
Then why have there not been placed upon him bracelets of gold or come with him the angels in conjunction?"
(Why, then, have armlets of gold not been set upon him) as you yourselves are wearing, (or angels sent along with him) to help him and affirm the message with which he is sent?
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فَٱسۡتَخَفَّ قَوۡمَهُۥ فَأَطَاعُوهُۚ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ قَوۡمٗا فَٰسِقِينَ ٥٤
So he bluffed his people, and they obeyed him. Indeed, they were [themselves] a people defiantly disobedient [of Allāh].
(Thus he persuaded his people) the Copts (to make light (of Moses), and they obeyed him) in what he said. (Lo! they were a wanton folk) they were disbelieving folk.
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فَلَمَّآ ءَاسَفُونَا ٱنتَقَمۡنَا مِنۡهُمۡ فَأَغۡرَقۡنَٰهُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ ٥٥
And when they angered Us, We took retribution from them and drowned them all.
(So, when they angered Us) when they angered Our Prophet Moses, and tended to anger Us, (We punished them and drowned them every one) in the sea.
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فَجَعَلۡنَٰهُمۡ سَلَفٗا وَمَثَلٗا لِّلۡأٓخِرِينَ ٥٦
And We made them a precedent and an example for the later peoples.
(And We made them a thing past) by means of the punishment, (and an example) and a lesson (for those after (them)) for those who remained after them.
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۞ وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ مَثَلًا إِذَا قَوۡمُكَ مِنۡهُ يَصِدُّونَ ٥٧
And when the son of Mary was presented as an example,1 immediately your people laughed aloud.
(And when the son of Mary is quoted as an example) they likened him to their deities, (behold! the folk laugh out) upon hearing the words of 'Abdullah al-Zib'ari and his folk,
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وَقَالُوٓاْ ءَأَٰلِهَتُنَا خَيۡرٌ أَمۡ هُوَۚ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلَّا جَدَلَۢاۚ بَلۡ هُمۡ قَوۡمٌ خَصِمُونَ ٥٨
And they said, "Are our gods better, or is he?"1 They did not present it [i.e., the comparison] except for [mere] argument. But, [in fact], they are a people prone to dispute.
(And say) i.e. 'Abdullah al-Zib'ari: (Are our gods better) O Muhammad, (or is he) i.e. Jesus the son of Mary? For if he is allowed in the Fire with the Christians, we are also allowed therein with our deities. (They raise not the objection) they do not mention Jesus the son of Mary (save for argument) save for wrangling and dispute. (Nay! but they are a contentious folk) they argue in defence of falsehood.
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إِنۡ هُوَ إِلَّا عَبۡدٌ أَنۡعَمۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ وَجَعَلۡنَٰهُ مَثَلٗا لِّبَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ ٥٩
He [i.e., Jesus] was not but a servant upon whom We bestowed favor, and We made him an example for the Children of Israel.
(He is nothing) i.e. Jesus the son of Mary (but a slave on whom We bestowed favour) by entrusting him with the message and he is nothing like their deities, (and We made him a pattern) a lesson (for the Children of Israel) in that he was born without a father.
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وَلَوۡ نَشَآءُ لَجَعَلۡنَا مِنكُم مَّلَٰٓئِكَةٗ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَخۡلُفُونَ ٦٠
And if We willed, We could have made [instead] of you angels succeeding [one another]1 on the earth.
(And had We willed We could have set among you) in your own places; and it is said this means: had We willed We would have created instead of you (angels to be vicegerents in the earth) angels instead of you; it is also said this means: angels to walk in the earth instead of you.
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وَإِنَّهُۥ لَعِلۡمٞ لِّلسَّاعَةِ فَلَا تَمۡتَرُنَّ بِهَا وَٱتَّبِعُونِۚ هَٰذَا صِرَٰطٞ مُّسۡتَقِيمٞ ٦١
And indeed, he [i.e., Jesus] will be [a sign for] knowledge of the Hour, so be not in doubt of it, and follow Me.1 This is a straight path.
(And lo! Verily) in the coming of Jesus the son of Mary (there is knowledge of the Hour) there is an indication of the coming of the Hour; it is also said that this means: his coming is a sign of the advent of the Hour. (So doubt ye not concerning it) so have no doubt in the coming of the Hour, (but follow Me) by professing Allah's divine Oneness. (This) profession of divine Oneness (is the right path) an established religion with which Allah is pleased: i.e. the religion of Islam.
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وَلَا يَصُدَّنَّكُمُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُۖ إِنَّهُۥ لَكُمۡ عَدُوّٞ مُّبِينٞ ٦٢
And never let Satan avert you. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy.
(And let not Satan turn you aside) let not Satan turn you away from the religion of Islam or from belief in the coming of the Hour. (Lo! he is an open enemy for you) whose enmity is quite manifest.
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وَلَمَّا جَآءَ عِيسَىٰ بِٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ قَالَ قَدۡ جِئۡتُكُم بِٱلۡحِكۡمَةِ وَلِأُبَيِّنَ لَكُم بَعۡضَ ٱلَّذِي تَخۡتَلِفُونَ فِيهِۖ فَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ ٦٣
And when Jesus brought clear proofs, he said, "I have come to you with wisdom [i.e., prophethood] and to make clear to you some of that over which you differ, so fear Allāh and obey me.
(When Jesus came with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty)) when he came with commands, prohibitions and marvels, (he said: I have come unto you with wisdom) with commands, prohibitions and prophethood, (and to make plain some of that concerning which ye differ) that which you contravene in the matter of religion. (So keep your duty to Allah) so fear Allah in that which He commands you, (and obey me) follow my counsel and words.
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إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمۡ فَٱعۡبُدُوهُۚ هَٰذَا صِرَٰطٞ مُّسۡتَقِيمٞ ٦٤
Indeed, Allāh is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. This is a straight path."
(Lo! Allah, He is my Lord) my Creator (and your Lord) and your Creator. (So worship Him) believe in His divine Oneness. (This is a right path) this is an established religion with which He is pleased.
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فَٱخۡتَلَفَ ٱلۡأَحۡزَابُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِهِمۡۖ فَوَيۡلٞ لِّلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ مِنۡ عَذَابِ يَوۡمٍ أَلِيمٍ ٦٥
But the denominations from among them differed [and separated], so woe to those who have wronged from the punishment of a painful Day.
(But the factions) the Christians (among them differed) for some said he was the son of Allah, the Nestorians, some said he is Allah, the Jacobites, others said he is Allah's partner, the Melkites, and others said he is one of three hypostases, al-Marqusiyyah. (Then woe) severe punishment is (unto those who do wrong) to those who became different factions concerning Jesus (from the doom of a painful day.
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هَلۡ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّا ٱلسَّاعَةَ أَن تَأۡتِيَهُم بَغۡتَةٗ وَهُمۡ لَا يَشۡعُرُونَ ٦٦
Are they waiting except for the Hour to come upon them suddenly while they perceive not?
Await they) if they do not repent of their claims (aught save the Hour) save the coming of the Hour, (that it shall come upon them suddenly, when they know not) when they are not aware of the descent of punishment upon them?
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ٱلۡأَخِلَّآءُ يَوۡمَئِذِۭ بَعۡضُهُمۡ لِبَعۡضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ٦٧
Close friends, that Day, will be enemies to each other, except for the righteous
(Friends) in sin, such as 'Uqbah Ibn Abi Ma'it and Ubayy Ibn Khalaf (on that day) on the Day of Judgement (will be foes one to another, save those who kept their duty (to Allah)) except those who ward off disbelief, idolatry and indecencies, such as Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, 'Ali and their fellow believers, for these are not like that.
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يَٰعِبَادِ لَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ وَلَآ أَنتُمۡ تَحۡزَنُونَ ٦٨
[To whom Allāh will say], "O My servants, no fear will there be concerning you this Day, nor will you grieve,
Allah will then say: (O My slaves! For you there is no fear this day) when others are in fear, (nor is it ye who grieve) when others are in grief;
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ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا وَكَانُواْ مُسۡلِمِينَ ٦٩
[You] who believed in Our verses and were Muslims.
((Ye) who believed Our revelations) Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (and were self surrendered) sincere to Allah in their worship and confession of Allah's divine Oneness,
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ٱدۡخُلُواْ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ أَنتُمۡ وَأَزۡوَٰجُكُمۡ تُحۡبَرُونَ ٧٠
Enter Paradise, you and your kinds,1 delighted."
(Enter the Garden, ye and your wives, to be made glad) to be honoured with gifts and delights in Paradise.
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يُطَافُ عَلَيۡهِم بِصِحَافٖ مِّن ذَهَبٖ وَأَكۡوَابٖۖ وَفِيهَا مَا تَشۡتَهِيهِ ٱلۡأَنفُسُ وَتَلَذُّ ٱلۡأَعۡيُنُۖ وَأَنتُمۡ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ ٧١
Circulated among them will be plates and vessels of gold. And therein is whatever the souls desire and [what] delights the eyes, and you will abide therein eternally.
(Therein are brought round for them) to serve them (trays of gold) filled with different types of food (and goblets) round goblets without handles, filled with drinks, (and therein) i.e. in Paradise (is all that souls desire and eyes find sweet) to look at. (And you are immortal therein) you will abide in Paradise forever, never to die or leave.
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وَتِلۡكَ ٱلۡجَنَّةُ ٱلَّتِيٓ أُورِثۡتُمُوهَا بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ٧٢
And that is Paradise which you are made to inherit for what you used to do.
(This is the Garden which ye are made to inherit) this is Paradise in which you are made to dwell, you inherited it (because of what ye used to do) and say in the life of the world.
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لَكُمۡ فِيهَا فَٰكِهَةٞ كَثِيرَةٞ مِّنۡهَا تَأۡكُلُونَ ٧٣
For you therein is much fruit1 from which you will eat.
(Therein) in the Garden (for you is fruit) different kinds of fruit (in plenty whence to eat.
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إِنَّ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ فِي عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ خَٰلِدُونَ ٧٤
Indeed, the criminals will be in the punishment of Hell, abiding eternally.
Lo! the guilty) the idolaters: Abu Jahl and his host (are immortal in hell's torment) neither to die or leave it.
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لَا يُفَتَّرُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَهُمۡ فِيهِ مُبۡلِسُونَ ٧٥
It will not be allowed to subside for them, and they, therein, are in despair.
(It is not relaxed for them) the torment is not removed from them nor is it interrupted, (and they despair therein) they despair in this torment about any goodness or about it being removed.
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وَمَا ظَلَمۡنَٰهُمۡ وَلَٰكِن كَانُواْ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٧٦
And We did not wrong them, but it was they who were the wrongdoers.
(We wronged them not) by punishing them, (but they it was who did the wrong) by adopting disbelief and idolatry.
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وَنَادَوۡاْ يَٰمَٰلِكُ لِيَقۡضِ عَلَيۡنَا رَبُّكَۖ قَالَ إِنَّكُم مَّٰكِثُونَ ٧٧
And they will call, "O Mālik,1 let your Lord put an end to us!" He will say, "Indeed, you will remain."
(And they cry: O master) when their patience run out, they cry: O master of the Fire! (Let thy Lord make an end of us). The custodian of the Fire answers them after 40 years, (He saith: Lo! here ye must remain) you will dwell eternally in the torment and you will never come out.
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لَقَدۡ جِئۡنَٰكُم بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَكُمۡ لِلۡحَقِّ كَٰرِهُونَ ٧٨
We had certainly brought you the truth, but most of you, to the truth, were averse.
(We verily brought the Truth unto you) He says: Gabriel came to your Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) with the Qur'an, (but ye were, most of you) all of you, (averse to the Truth) deniers of Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an.
43:79Page 495
أَمۡ أَبۡرَمُوٓاْ أَمۡرٗا فَإِنَّا مُبۡرِمُونَ ٧٩
Or have they devised [some] affair?1 But indeed, We are devising [a plan].
(Or do they determine any thing) in relation to the Prophet Muhammad? (Lo! We (also) are determining) something in relation to their destruction.
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أَمۡ يَحۡسَبُونَ أَنَّا لَا نَسۡمَعُ سِرَّهُمۡ وَنَجۡوَىٰهُمۚ بَلَىٰ وَرُسُلُنَا لَدَيۡهِمۡ يَكۡتُبُونَ ٨٠
Or do they think that We hear not their secrets and their private conversations? Yes, [We do], and Our messengers [i.e., angels] are with them recording.
(Or deem they) i.e. Safwan Ibn Umayyah and his two friends (that We cannot hear their secret thoughts and private confidences) around the Ka'bah? (Nay) We do hear, (but Our envoys) the guardian angels, (present with them, do record) their secrets and private conferences.
43:81Page 495
قُلۡ إِن كَانَ لِلرَّحۡمَٰنِ وَلَدٞ فَأَنَا۠ أَوَّلُ ٱلۡعَٰبِدِينَ ٨١
Say, [O Muḥammad], "If the Most Merciful had a son, then I would be the first of [his] worshippers."1
(Say) O Muhammad to al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith and 'Alqamah: (The Beneficent One hath no son. I am first among the worshippers) I am the first to acknowledge that Allah has no son or partner.
43:82Page 495
سُبۡحَٰنَ رَبِّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَرۡشِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ ٨٢
Exalted is the Lord of the heavens and the earth, Lord of the Throne, above what they describe.
(Glorified be the Lord of the heavens and the earth, the Lord of the Throne, from that which they ascribe (unto Him)) of sons and partners!
43:83Page 495
فَذَرۡهُمۡ يَخُوضُواْ وَيَلۡعَبُواْ حَتَّىٰ يُلَٰقُواْ يَوۡمَهُمُ ٱلَّذِي يُوعَدُونَ ٨٣
So leave them to converse vainly and amuse themselves until they meet their Day which they are promised.
(So let them) O Muhammad (flounder (in their talk)) of falsehood (and play) and mock the Qur'an (until they meet) until they see (the Day which they are promised) death and punishment.
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وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ إِلَٰهٞ وَفِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ إِلَٰهٞۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ ٨٤
And it is He [i.e., Allāh] who is [the only] deity in the heaven, and on the earth [the only] deity. And He is the Wise, the Knowing.
(And He it is Who in the heaven is God) He is the God of everything that is in the heaven, (and in the earth God) and He is the God of everything that is in the earth. (He is the Wise) in His command and decree, (the Knower) of His created beings and providence.
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وَتَبَارَكَ ٱلَّذِي لَهُۥ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا وَعِندَهُۥ عِلۡمُ ٱلسَّاعَةِ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ ٨٥
And blessed is He to whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them and with whom is knowledge of the Hour and to whom you will be returned.
(And blessed be He unto Whom) He is too exalted and exonerated from having sons and partners He unto Whom (belongeth the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them) of created beings, (and with Whom is knowledge of the Hour) the knowledge of the coming of the Hour, (and unto Whom ye will be returned) in the Hereafter.
Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences