Al-Muyassar fi Gharib al-Qur'anFussilat · 41:1–54

Al-Muyassar fi Gharib al-Qur'an · Tafsir · in Arabic

فصلت

Fussilat

Explained in Detail · Meccan · 54 ayahs

41:1Page 477

حمٓ ١

Ḥā, Meem.1

﴿حمٓ﴾: سَبَقَ الكَلامُ عَلى الحرُوفِ المقطَّعةِ في أوَّلِ سُورةِ البقرةِ.

41:2Page 477

تَنزِيلٞ مِّنَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ٢

[This is] a revelation from the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful -

No commentary for this ayah

41:3Page 477

كِتَٰبٞ فُصِّلَتۡ ءَايَٰتُهُۥ قُرۡءَانًا عَرَبِيّٗا لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡلَمُونَ ٣

A Book whose verses have been detailed, an Arabic Qur’ān1 for a people who know,

﴿فُصِّلَتۡ﴾: بُيِّنتْ، أو نُوِّعَتْ.

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بَشِيرٗا وَنَذِيرٗا فَأَعۡرَضَ أَكۡثَرُهُمۡ فَهُمۡ لَا يَسۡمَعُونَ ٤

As a giver of good tidings and a warner; but most of them turn away, so they do not hear.

﴿لَا يَسۡمَعُونَ﴾: لَهُ سَماعَ قَبُولٍ وإجابَةٍ.

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وَقَالُواْ قُلُوبُنَا فِيٓ أَكِنَّةٖ مِّمَّا تَدۡعُونَآ إِلَيۡهِ وَفِيٓ ءَاذَانِنَا وَقۡرٞ وَمِنۢ بَيۡنِنَا وَبَيۡنِكَ حِجَابٞ فَٱعۡمَلۡ إِنَّنَا عَٰمِلُونَ ٥

And they say, "Our hearts are within coverings [i.e., screened] from that to which you invite us, and in our ears is deafness, and between us and you is a partition, so work;1 indeed, we are working."

﴿أَكِنَّةࣲ﴾: أغْطية تَمْنَعُنا من فَهْم ما تَدْعُوننا إليه.

﴿وَقۡرࣱ﴾: ثِقَلٌ وصَمَمٌ، يمْنَعُنا مِنَ السَّمْعِ.

﴿حِجَابࣱ﴾: ساتِرٌ يَحْجُبُنا عَنْ إجابَةِ دَعْوَتِكَ.

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قُلۡ إِنَّمَآ أَنَا۠ بَشَرٞ مِّثۡلُكُمۡ يُوحَىٰٓ إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَآ إِلَٰهُكُمۡ إِلَٰهٞ وَٰحِدٞ فَٱسۡتَقِيمُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرُوهُۗ وَوَيۡلٞ لِّلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ٦

Say, [O Muḥammad], "I am only a man like you to whom it has been revealed that your god is but one God; so take a straight course to Him and seek His forgiveness." And woe to those who associate others with Allāh –

﴿فَٱسۡتَقِيمُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِ﴾: فاسْلُكُوا الطَّريقَ الُموصِلَ إلَيهِ.

﴿وَوَيۡلࣱ﴾: هَلاكٌ وعَذابٌ.

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ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَهُم بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ هُمۡ كَٰفِرُونَ ٧

Those who do not give zakāh, and in the Hereafter they are disbelievers.

﴿لَا يُؤۡتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ﴾: لا يُؤَدُّونَ الصَّدَقةَ إلى مُسْتَحِقِّيها.

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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرٌ غَيۡرُ مَمۡنُونٖ ٨

Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds - for them is a reward uninterrupted.

﴿غَيۡرُ مَمۡنُونࣲ﴾: غَيرُ مَنقُوصٍ ولا مَحْسُوبٍ ليُمَنَّ بِهِ، بَلْ هُوَ خالٍ مِنَ المَنِّ والأَذى.

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۞ قُلۡ أَئِنَّكُمۡ لَتَكۡفُرُونَ بِٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ فِي يَوۡمَيۡنِ وَتَجۡعَلُونَ لَهُۥٓ أَندَادٗاۚ ذَٰلِكَ رَبُّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٩

Say, "Do you indeed disbelieve in He who created the earth in two days and attribute to Him equals? That is the Lord of the worlds."

﴿أَندَادࣰا﴾: شُرَكاءَ.

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وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَٰسِيَ مِن فَوۡقِهَا وَبَٰرَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَآ أَقۡوَٰتَهَا فِيٓ أَرۡبَعَةِ أَيَّامٖ سَوَآءٗ لِّلسَّآئِلِينَ ١٠

And He placed on it [i.e., the earth] firmly set mountains over its surface, and He blessed it and determined therein its [creatures'] sustenance in four days without distinction1 - for [the information of] those who ask.

﴿رَوَ ٰ⁠سِيَ﴾: جِبالًا ثَوابِتَ.

﴿وَبَـٰرَكَ فِيهَا﴾: أدامَ خَيرَها، وأَنْبَتَ شَجَرَها.

﴿وَقَدَّرَ﴾: وقَسَّمَ.

﴿أَقۡوَ ٰ⁠تَهَا﴾: أرْزاقَ أهْلِها، وما يُصْلِحُهُم مِنَ المعاشِ.

﴿فِيٓ أَرۡبَعَةِ أَيَّامࣲ﴾: أي: في تَتمَّةِ الأيامِ الأرْبَعَةِ.

﴿سَوَآءࣰ﴾: مُسْتَوِيَةً مُهَيَّأةً.

﴿لِّلسَّآئِلِينَ﴾: لِلْمُحْتاجِينَ إليها مِنَ البَشَرِ، أو لِمن يَطْلُبُ مَعْرِفَةَ ذَلكَ.

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ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَوَىٰٓ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَهِيَ دُخَانٞ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلۡأَرۡضِ ٱئۡتِيَا طَوۡعًا أَوۡ كَرۡهٗا قَالَتَآ أَتَيۡنَا طَآئِعِينَ ١١

Then He directed Himself1 to the heaven while it was smoke and said to it and to the earth, "Come [into being],2 willingly or by compulsion." They said, "We have come willingly."

﴿ٱسۡتَوَىٰٓ﴾: ارْتَفَعَ.

﴿دُخَانࣱ﴾: بُخارٌ مُرْتَفِعٌ.

﴿ٱئۡتِيَا﴾: انْقادا لِأَمْرِي.

﴿طَوۡعًا أَوۡ كَرۡهࣰا﴾: مُخْتارَتَينِ أو مُجْبَرتَين.

﴿طَآئِعِينَ﴾: مُذْعِنِينَ لَكَ، ليسَ لَنا إرادَةٌ تُخالِفُ إرادتَكَ.

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فَقَضَىٰهُنَّ سَبۡعَ سَمَٰوَاتٖ فِي يَوۡمَيۡنِ وَأَوۡحَىٰ فِي كُلِّ سَمَآءٍ أَمۡرَهَاۚ وَزَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا بِمَصَٰبِيحَ وَحِفۡظٗاۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَقۡدِيرُ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلۡعَلِيمِ ١٢

And He completed them as seven heavens within two days and inspired [i.e., made known] in each heaven its command. And We adorned the nearest heaven with lamps [i.e., stars, for beauty] and as protection.1 That is the determination of the Exalted in Might, the Knowing.

﴿فَقَضَىٰهُنَّ﴾: فأَوْجَدَهُنَّ وفَرَغَ من خَلْقِهنَّ.

﴿وَأَوۡحَىٰ فِي كُلِّ سَمَآءٍ أَمۡرَهَا﴾: وألقى في كل سماءٍ من السمواتِ السبعِ ما أراد من الأمورِ التي بها قِوامُها وصَلاحُها.

﴿بِمَصَـٰبِيحَ﴾: بالنجومِ المضيئةِ.

﴿وَحِفۡظࣰا﴾: وزَيَّنّاها حِفْظًا لها من الشياطينِ الذين يَسْتَرِقون السَّمْعَ.

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فَإِنۡ أَعۡرَضُواْ فَقُلۡ أَنذَرۡتُكُمۡ صَٰعِقَةٗ مِّثۡلَ صَٰعِقَةِ عَادٖ وَثَمُودَ ١٣

But if they turn away, then say, "I have warned you of a thunderbolt like the thunderbolt [that struck] ʿAad and Thamūd.

﴿أَنذَرۡتُكُمۡ﴾: خَوَّفْتُكُمْ.

﴿صَـٰعِقَةࣰ﴾: وقْعَةَ عذابٍ يَسْتأصِلُكم.

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إِذۡ جَآءَتۡهُمُ ٱلرُّسُلُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِمۡ أَلَّا تَعۡبُدُوٓاْ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَۖ قَالُواْ لَوۡ شَآءَ رَبُّنَا لَأَنزَلَ مَلَٰٓئِكَةٗ فَإِنَّا بِمَآ أُرۡسِلۡتُم بِهِۦ كَٰفِرُونَ ١٤

[That occurred] when the messengers had come to them before them and after them, [saying], "Worship not except Allāh." They said, "If our Lord had willed,1 He would have sent down the angels, so indeed we, in that with which you have been sent, are disbelievers."

﴿مِنۢ بَيۡنِ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِمۡ﴾: يَتْبَعُ بعضُهم بعضًا واتصلَتْ نِذارتُهم.

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فَأَمَّا عَادٞ فَٱسۡتَكۡبَرُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ بِغَيۡرِ ٱلۡحَقِّ وَقَالُواْ مَنۡ أَشَدُّ مِنَّا قُوَّةًۖ أَوَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَهُمۡ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنۡهُمۡ قُوَّةٗۖ وَكَانُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا يَجۡحَدُونَ ١٥

As for ʿAad, they were arrogant upon the earth without right and said, "Who is greater than us in strength?" Did they not consider that Allāh who created them was greater than them in strength? But they were rejecting Our signs.

﴿بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا﴾: الُمعْجزات.

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فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ رِيحٗا صَرۡصَرٗا فِيٓ أَيَّامٖ نَّحِسَاتٖ لِّنُذِيقَهُمۡ عَذَابَ ٱلۡخِزۡيِ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ وَلَعَذَابُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ أَخۡزَىٰۖ وَهُمۡ لَا يُنصَرُونَ ١٦

So We sent upon them a screaming wind during days of misfortune to make them taste the punishment of disgrace in the worldly life; but the punishment of the Hereafter is more disgracing, and they will not be helped.

﴿صَرۡصَرࣰا﴾: شديدةَ البُرودةِ والصوتِ.

﴿نَّحِسَاتࣲ﴾: مَشْؤوماتٍ عليهم.

﴿ٱلۡخِزۡيِ﴾: الهَوانِ والهلاكِ.

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وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيۡنَٰهُمۡ فَٱسۡتَحَبُّواْ ٱلۡعَمَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡهُدَىٰ فَأَخَذَتۡهُمۡ صَٰعِقَةُ ٱلۡعَذَابِ ٱلۡهُونِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ ١٧

And as for Thamūd, We guided them, but they preferred blindness over guidance, so the thunderbolt of humiliating punishment seized them for what they used to earn.

﴿فَهَدَيۡنَـٰهُمۡ﴾: بيَّنّا لهم طُرُقَ الخيرِ والشرِّ.

﴿ٱلۡعَمَىٰ﴾: الكفرَ.

﴿فَأَخَذَتۡهُمۡ﴾: فأهلكَتْهُم.

﴿صَـٰعِقَةُ﴾: مُهْلِكَةُ.

﴿ٱلۡعَذَابِ ٱلۡهُونِ﴾: الذي معه هَوانٌ وإذلالٌ.

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وَنَجَّيۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَكَانُواْ يَتَّقُونَ ١٨

And We saved those who believed and used to fear Allāh.

No commentary for this ayah

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وَيَوۡمَ يُحۡشَرُ أَعۡدَآءُ ٱللَّهِ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِ فَهُمۡ يُوزَعُونَ ١٩

And [mention, O Muḥammad], the Day when the enemies of Allāh will be gathered to the Fire while they are [driven], assembled in rows,

﴿يُحۡشَرُ﴾: يُجْمَعُ.

﴿يُوزَعُونَ﴾: تَرُدُّ زبانيةُ العذابِ أوَّلَهم على آخِرِهم؛ ليجتمِعُوا جميعًا.

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حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا مَا جَآءُوهَا شَهِدَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ سَمۡعُهُمۡ وَأَبۡصَٰرُهُمۡ وَجُلُودُهُم بِمَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٢٠

Until, when they reach it, their hearing and their eyes and their skins will testify against them of what they used to do.

No commentary for this ayah

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وَقَالُواْ لِجُلُودِهِمۡ لِمَ شَهِدتُّمۡ عَلَيۡنَاۖ قَالُوٓاْ أَنطَقَنَا ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنطَقَ كُلَّ شَيۡءٖۚ وَهُوَ خَلَقَكُمۡ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٖ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ ٢١

And they will say to their skins, "Why have you testified against us?" They will say, "We were made to speak by Allāh, who has made everything speak; and He created you the first time, and to Him you are returned.

﴿أَوَّلَ مَرَّةࣲ﴾: الخَلْقَ الأَوَّلَ ولَمْ تَكُونُوا شيئًا.

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وَمَا كُنتُمۡ تَسۡتَتِرُونَ أَن يَشۡهَدَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ سَمۡعُكُمۡ وَلَآ أَبۡصَٰرُكُمۡ وَلَا جُلُودُكُمۡ وَلَٰكِن ظَنَنتُمۡ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَعۡلَمُ كَثِيرٗا مِّمَّا تَعۡمَلُونَ ٢٢

And you were not covering [i.e., protecting] yourselves,1 lest your hearing testify against you or your sight or your skins, but you assumed that Allāh does not know much of what you do.

﴿تَسۡتَتِرُونَ﴾: تَسْتَخْفُونَ عِنْدَ ارْتِكابِكُم المعاصِيَ في الدُّنيا.

﴿أَن يَشۡهَدَ﴾: مَخافَةَ أن يَشْهَدَ.

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وَذَٰلِكُمۡ ظَنُّكُمُ ٱلَّذِي ظَنَنتُم بِرَبِّكُمۡ أَرۡدَىٰكُمۡ فَأَصۡبَحۡتُم مِّنَ ٱلۡخَٰسِرِينَ ٢٣

And that was your assumption which you assumed about your Lord. It has brought you to ruin, and you have become among the losers."

﴿أَرۡدَىٰكُمۡ﴾: أهْلَكَكُم، فَأَوْرَدَكُم النّارَ.

﴿ٱلۡخَـٰسِرِينَ﴾: الهالِكِينَ.

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فَإِن يَصۡبِرُواْ فَٱلنَّارُ مَثۡوٗى لَّهُمۡۖ وَإِن يَسۡتَعۡتِبُواْ فَمَا هُم مِّنَ ٱلۡمُعۡتَبِينَ ٢٤

So [even] if they are patient, the Fire is a residence for them; and if they ask to appease [Allāh], they will not be of those who are allowed to appease.

﴿مَثۡوࣰى﴾: مَأْوىً.

﴿يَسۡتَعۡتِبُواْ﴾: يَسْأَلُوا العُتْبى وهي الرَّجْعَةُ لَهُم إلى الَّذِي يُحِبُّونَ بِتَخْفِيفِ العَذابِ عَنْهُم.

﴿ٱلۡمُعۡتَبِينَ﴾: الَّذِينَ يُقْبَلُ عُذْرُهُم ويُجابُونَ إلى ما طَلَبُوا.

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۞ وَقَيَّضۡنَا لَهُمۡ قُرَنَآءَ فَزَيَّنُواْ لَهُم مَّا بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمَا خَلۡفَهُمۡ وَحَقَّ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ فِيٓ أُمَمٖ قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهِم مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ وَٱلۡإِنسِۖ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ خَٰسِرِينَ ٢٥

And We appointed for them companions1 who made attractive to them what was before them and what was behind them [of sin], and the word [i.e., decree] has come into effect upon them among nations which had passed on before them of jinn and men. Indeed, they [all] were losers.

﴿وَقَيَّضۡنَا﴾: هَيَّأنا وأَعْدَدْنا.

﴿قُرَنَآءَ﴾: نُظَراءَ مُلازِمِينَ مِن شَياطِينِ الإنْسِ والجِنِّ.

﴿فَزَيَّنُواْ﴾: فَحَسّنُوا.

﴿مَّا بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ﴾: مِن أمْرِ الدُّنيا حتّى آثَرُوها على الآخِرةِ.

﴿وَمَا خَلۡفَهُمۡ﴾: ما بَعْدَ مَماتِهم وذَلكَ بالتَّكْذِيبِ بالَمعادِ.

﴿وَحَقَّ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ﴾: وجَبَ لَهُم العَذابُ.

﴿فِيٓ أُمَمࣲ﴾: في جُمْلةِ أُمَمٍ كافِرةٍ.

﴿قَدۡ خَلَتۡ﴾: مَضَتْ.

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وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَا تَسۡمَعُواْ لِهَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ وَٱلۡغَوۡاْ فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَغۡلِبُونَ ٢٦

And those who disbelieve say, "Do not listen to this Qur’ān and speak noisily1 during [the recitation of] it that perhaps you will overcome."

﴿وَٱلۡغَوۡاْ﴾: وأْتُوا فِيهِ بالتَّخْلِيطِ والصَّفِيرِ عِنْدَ قِراءتِهِ.

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فَلَنُذِيقَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ عَذَابٗا شَدِيدٗا وَلَنَجۡزِيَنَّهُمۡ أَسۡوَأَ ٱلَّذِي كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٢٧

But We will surely cause those who disbelieve to taste a severe punishment, and We will surely recompense them for the worst of what they had been doing.

No commentary for this ayah

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ذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ أَعۡدَآءِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلنَّارُۖ لَهُمۡ فِيهَا دَارُ ٱلۡخُلۡدِ جَزَآءَۢ بِمَا كَانُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا يَجۡحَدُونَ ٢٨

That is the recompense of the enemies of Allāh - the Fire. For them therein is the home of eternity as recompense for what they, of Our verses, were rejecting.

﴿دَارُ ٱلۡخُلۡدِ﴾: دارُ الإقامةِ الدّائِمَةِ.

﴿يَجۡحَدُونَ﴾: يَكْفُرُونَ.

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وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَرِنَا ٱلَّذَيۡنِ أَضَلَّانَا مِنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ وَٱلۡإِنسِ نَجۡعَلۡهُمَا تَحۡتَ أَقۡدَامِنَا لِيَكُونَا مِنَ ٱلۡأَسۡفَلِينَ ٢٩

And those who disbelieved will [then] say, "Our Lord, show us those who misled us of the jinn and men [so] we may put them under our feet1 that they will be among the lowest."

﴿ٱلۡأَسۡفَلِينَ﴾: أشَدَّ عَذابًا مِنّا.

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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُواْ رَبُّنَا ٱللَّهُ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَقَٰمُواْ تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ أَلَّا تَخَافُواْ وَلَا تَحۡزَنُواْ وَأَبۡشِرُواْ بِٱلۡجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِي كُنتُمۡ تُوعَدُونَ ٣٠

Indeed, those who have said, "Our Lord is Allāh" and then remained on a right course - the angels will descend upon them, [saying], "Do not fear and do not grieve but receive good tidings of Paradise, which you were promised.

﴿ٱسۡتَقَـٰمُواْ﴾: سَلَكُوا الطَّريقَ القَوِيمَ، وأَدَّوا فَرائِضَ اللهِ.

﴿تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ﴾: أي: عِنْدَ نُزُولِ الموتِ بِهِم مُطَمْئِنَةً.

﴿أَلَّا تَخَافُواْ﴾: تَقُولُ لَهُم: لا تخافُوا مِنَ الموتِ وما بَعْدَهُ.

﴿وَلَا تَحۡزَنُواْ﴾: عَلى ما تُخَلِّفُونَه وراءَكُم مِن أُمَورِ الدُّنيا.

﴿وَأَبۡشِرُواْ﴾: وسُرُّوا.

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نَحۡنُ أَوۡلِيَآؤُكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَفِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۖ وَلَكُمۡ فِيهَا مَا تَشۡتَهِيٓ أَنفُسُكُمۡ وَلَكُمۡ فِيهَا مَا تَدَّعُونَ ٣١

We [angels] were your allies in worldly life and [are so] in the Hereafter. And you will have therein whatever your souls desire, and you will have therein whatever you request [or wish]

﴿أَوۡلِيَآؤُكُمۡ﴾: أنْصارُكُم وأَحِبّاؤُكُم.

﴿تَدَّعُونَ﴾: تَتَمَنَّونَ.

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نُزُلٗا مِّنۡ غَفُورٖ رَّحِيمٖ ٣٢

As accommodation from a [Lord who is] Forgiving and Merciful."

﴿نُزُلࣰا﴾: ضِيافَةً وتَكْرِمَةً.

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وَمَنۡ أَحۡسَنُ قَوۡلٗا مِّمَّن دَعَآ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا وَقَالَ إِنَّنِي مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ ٣٣

And who is better in speech than one who invites to Allāh and does righteousness and says, "Indeed, I am of the Muslims."

﴿وَمَنۡ أَحۡسَنُ قَوۡلࣰا﴾: لا أحَدَ أحْسَنُ قَولًا.

﴿دَعَآ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ﴾: دَعا إلى تَوْحِيدِ اللهِ وعِبادَتِه وحْدَهُ.

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وَلَا تَسۡتَوِي ٱلۡحَسَنَةُ وَلَا ٱلسَّيِّئَةُۚ ٱدۡفَعۡ بِٱلَّتِي هِيَ أَحۡسَنُ فَإِذَا ٱلَّذِي بَيۡنَكَ وَبَيۡنَهُۥ عَدَٰوَةٞ كَأَنَّهُۥ وَلِيٌّ حَمِيمٞ ٣٤

And not equal are the good deed and the bad. Repel [evil] by that [deed] which is better; and thereupon, the one whom between you and him is enmity [will become] as though he was a devoted friend.

﴿ٱلۡحَسَنَةُ﴾: الصَّبرُ والحِلْمُ والعَفْوُ.

﴿ٱلسَّيِّئَةُ﴾: الغَضَبُ والجَهْلُ والإساءَةُ.

﴿ٱدۡفَعۡ بِٱلَّتِي هِيَ أَحۡسَنُ﴾: ادْفَعْ -أيُّها الرَّسُولُ- بِعَفْوِكَ وحِلْمِكَ وإحْسانِكَ مَن أساءَ إليكَ.

﴿وَلِيٌّ﴾: مُحِبٌّ مُناصِرٌ.

﴿حَمِيمࣱ﴾: قَرِيبٌ مُشْفِقٌ.

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وَمَا يُلَقَّىٰهَآ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ صَبَرُواْ وَمَا يُلَقَّىٰهَآ إِلَّا ذُو حَظٍّ عَظِيمٖ ٣٥

But none is granted it except those who are patient, and none is granted it except one having a great portion [of good].

﴿وَمَا يُلَقَّىٰهَآ﴾: وما يُعْطى ويُوفَّقُ لهذهِ الَمنْزِلَةِ الحمِيدَةِ.

﴿حَظٍّ﴾: نَصِيبٍ.

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وَإِمَّا يَنزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ نَزۡغٞ فَٱسۡتَعِذۡ بِٱللَّهِۖ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ ٣٦

And if there comes to you from Satan an evil suggestion, then seek refuge in Allāh. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Knowing.

﴿وَإِمَّا يَنزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ ٱلشَّيۡطَـٰنِ نَزۡغࣱ﴾: وإمّا يُلْقِيَنَّ الشَّيطانُ في نَفْسِكَ وسْوَسَةً مِن حدِيثِ النَّفْسِ تَحْمِلُكَ عَلى مُجازاةِ الُمسِيءِ بالإساءَةِ.

﴿فَٱسۡتَعِذۡ بِٱللَّهِ﴾: فاسْتَجِرْ بِاللهِ واعْتَصِمْ بِهِ.

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وَمِنۡ ءَايَٰتِهِ ٱلَّيۡلُ وَٱلنَّهَارُ وَٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُۚ لَا تَسۡجُدُواْ لِلشَّمۡسِ وَلَا لِلۡقَمَرِ وَٱسۡجُدُواْۤ لِلَّهِۤ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَهُنَّ إِن كُنتُمۡ إِيَّاهُ تَعۡبُدُونَ ٣٧

And of His signs are the night and day and the sun and moon. Do not prostrate to the sun or to the moon, but prostrate to Allāh, who created them, if it should be Him that you worship.1

﴿وَمِنۡ ءَايَـٰتِهِ﴾: ومِن حُجَجِ اللهِ عَلى خَلقِهِ، ودَلائِلِهِ عَلى وحْدانِيَّتهِ وكَمالِ قُدْرَتِهِ.

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فَإِنِ ٱسۡتَكۡبَرُواْ فَٱلَّذِينَ عِندَ رَبِّكَ يُسَبِّحُونَ لَهُۥ بِٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ وَهُمۡ لَا يَسۡـَٔمُونَ۩ ٣٨

But if they are arrogant - then those who are near your Lord [i.e., the angels] exalt Him by night and by day, and they do not become weary.

﴿فَٱلَّذِينَ عِندَ رَبِّكَ﴾: هُمُ الملائِكَةُ.

﴿لَا يَسۡـَٔمُونَ﴾: لا يَفْتُرُونَ ولا يَمَلُّونَ.

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وَمِنۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦٓ أَنَّكَ تَرَى ٱلۡأَرۡضَ خَٰشِعَةٗ فَإِذَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهَا ٱلۡمَآءَ ٱهۡتَزَّتۡ وَرَبَتۡۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَحۡيَاهَا لَمُحۡيِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰٓۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ ٣٩

And of His signs is that you see the earth stilled, but when We send down upon it rain, it quivers and grows. Indeed, He who has given it life is the Giver of Life to the dead. Indeed, He is over all things competent.

﴿خَـٰشِعَةࣰ﴾: يابِسَةً مُسْتَكِينَةً لا نَباتَ فِيها.

﴿ٱهۡتَزَّتۡ﴾: تَحَرَّكَتْ وتَشَقَّقَتْ بالنَّباتِ.

﴿وَرَبَتۡ﴾: وانْتَفَخَتْ وعَلَتْ.

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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُلۡحِدُونَ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِنَا لَا يَخۡفَوۡنَ عَلَيۡنَآۗ أَفَمَن يُلۡقَىٰ فِي ٱلنَّارِ خَيۡرٌ أَم مَّن يَأۡتِيٓ ءَامِنٗا يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِۚ ٱعۡمَلُواْ مَا شِئۡتُمۡ إِنَّهُۥ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ٤٠

Indeed, those who inject deviation into Our verses1 are not concealed from Us. So, is he who is cast into the Fire better or he who comes secure on the Day of Resurrection? Do whatever you will; indeed, He is Seeing of what you do.

﴿يُلۡحِدُونَ﴾: يَمِيلُونَ عَنِ الحَقِّ إنْكارًا لَهُ.

﴿ٱعۡمَلُواْ مَا شِئۡتُمۡ﴾: وعِيدٌ في صِيغَةِ الأمْر.

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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِٱلذِّكۡرِ لَمَّا جَآءَهُمۡۖ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَكِتَٰبٌ عَزِيزٞ ٤١

Indeed, those who disbelieve in the message [i.e., the Qur’ān]1 after it has come to them...2 And indeed, it is a mighty3 Book.

﴿بِٱلذِّكۡرِ﴾: بالقرآنِ.

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لَّا يَأۡتِيهِ ٱلۡبَٰطِلُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَلَا مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦۖ تَنزِيلٞ مِّنۡ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٖ ٤٢

Falsehood cannot approach it from before it or from behind it; [it is] a revelation from a [Lord who is] Wise and Praiseworthy.

﴿ٱلۡبَـٰطِلُ﴾: الشَّيطانُ وأيُّ أمْرٍ يُبْطِلُ شَيئًا مِنهُ.

﴿مِنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَلَا مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦ﴾: مِن أيِّ جِهَةٍ مِن جِهاتِهِ، فهو مَحْفُوظٌ بِحِفْظِ اللهِ.

﴿حَكِيمٍ﴾: ذِي حِكْمَةٍ.

﴿حَمِيدࣲ﴾: مَحْمُودٍ عَلى نِعَمِهِ عَلى الخَلْقِ وعَلى ما لَهُ مِن صِفاتِ الكَمالِ.

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مَّا يُقَالُ لَكَ إِلَّا مَا قَدۡ قِيلَ لِلرُّسُلِ مِن قَبۡلِكَۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغۡفِرَةٖ وَذُو عِقَابٍ أَلِيمٖ ٤٣

Nothing is said to you, [O Muḥammad], except what was already said to the messengers before you. Indeed, your Lord is a possessor of forgiveness and a possessor of painful penalty.

﴿مَّا يُقَالُ لَكَ﴾: لا يقُولُ لَكَ المشرِكُونَ.

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وَلَوۡ جَعَلۡنَٰهُ قُرۡءَانًا أَعۡجَمِيّٗا لَّقَالُواْ لَوۡلَا فُصِّلَتۡ ءَايَٰتُهُۥٓۖ ءَا۬عۡجَمِيّٞ وَعَرَبِيّٞۗ قُلۡ هُوَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ هُدٗى وَشِفَآءٞۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ فِيٓ ءَاذَانِهِمۡ وَقۡرٞ وَهُوَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ عَمًىۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ يُنَادَوۡنَ مِن مَّكَانِۭ بَعِيدٖ ٤٤

And if We had made it a foreign [i.e., non-Arabic] Qur’ān, they would have said, "Why are its verses not explained in detail [in our language]? Is it a foreign [recitation] and an Arab [messenger]?" Say, "It is, for those who believe, a guidance and cure." And those who do not believe - in their ears is deafness, and it is upon them blindness. Those are being called from a distant place.1

﴿أَعۡجَمِيࣰّا﴾: عَلى غَيرِ لُغَةِ العَرَبِ.

﴿لَوۡلَا﴾: هَلّا.

﴿فُصِّلَتۡ ءَايَـٰتُهُۥٓ﴾: بُيِّنتْ آياتُه فَنَفْقَهَهُ ونَعْلَمَهُ.

﴿ءَا۬عۡجَمِيࣱّ وَعَرَبِيࣱّ﴾: أأَعْجَمِيٌّ هَذا القُرآنُ، ولِسانُ الَّذِي أُنْزِل عَليهِ عَرَبيٌّ؟

﴿هُدࣰى﴾: بَيانٌ لِلْحَقِّ.

﴿وَشِفَآءࣱ﴾: مِنَ الجَهْلِ والأمْراضِ.

﴿وَقۡرࣱ﴾: ثِقَلٌ وصَمَمٌ.

﴿وَهُوَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ عَمًى﴾: عَمِيَتْ قُلُوبُهُم عَنِ القُرآنِ فَلا يَهْتَدُونَ بِهِ.

﴿أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ يُنَادَوۡنَ مِن مَّكَانِۭ بَعِيدࣲ﴾: كَأنّ أُولئِكَ المشرِكِينَ يَسْمَعُونَ صَوْتًا مِن بَعِيدٍ، ولا يَفْهَمُونَ مَعانِيَهُ.

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وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَا مُوسَى ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ فَٱخۡتُلِفَ فِيهِۚ وَلَوۡلَا كَلِمَةٞ سَبَقَتۡ مِن رَّبِّكَ لَقُضِيَ بَيۡنَهُمۡۚ وَإِنَّهُمۡ لَفِي شَكّٖ مِّنۡهُ مُرِيبٖ ٤٥

And We had already given Moses the Scripture, but it came under disagreement.1 And if not for a word [i.e., decree]2 that preceded from your Lord, it would have been concluded between them. And indeed they are, concerning it [i.e., the Qur’ān], in disquieting doubt.

﴿ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ﴾: التَّوراةَ.

﴿وَلَوۡلَا كَلِمَةࣱ سَبَقَتۡ مِن رَّبِّكَ﴾: بِتَأْجِيلِ العَذابِ عَن قَومِكَ.

﴿لَقُضِيَ بَيۡنَهُمۡ﴾: لَفُصِلَ بينهم بإهْلاكِ الكافِرينَ في الحالِ.

﴿وَإِنَّهُمۡ لَفِي شَكࣲّ مِّنۡهُ﴾: وإنّ الفريقَ المُبْطِلَ مِنهُم لَفِي شَكٍّ مما قالُوا في التَّوراةِ.

﴿مُرِيبࣲ﴾: مُوقِعٍ في قَلَقِ النَّفْسِ وعَدَمِ طُمَأنِينتِها؛ لأنّهُم قالُوهُ ظنًّا بِغَيرِ حُجَّةٍ.

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مَّنۡ عَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَلِنَفۡسِهِۦۖ وَمَنۡ أَسَآءَ فَعَلَيۡهَاۗ وَمَا رَبُّكَ بِظَلَّٰمٖ لِّلۡعَبِيدِ ٤٦

Whoever does righteousness - it is for his [own] soul; and whoever does evil [does so] against it. And your Lord is not ever unjust to [His] servants.

﴿فَعَلَيۡهَا﴾: فَعَلى نَفْسِهِ جَنى.

﴿بِظَلَّـٰمࣲ﴾: بِذِي ظُلْمٍ.

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۞ إِلَيۡهِ يُرَدُّ عِلۡمُ ٱلسَّاعَةِۚ وَمَا تَخۡرُجُ مِن ثَمَرَٰتٖ مِّنۡ أَكۡمَامِهَا وَمَا تَحۡمِلُ مِنۡ أُنثَىٰ وَلَا تَضَعُ إِلَّا بِعِلۡمِهِۦۚ وَيَوۡمَ يُنَادِيهِمۡ أَيۡنَ شُرَكَآءِي قَالُوٓاْ ءَاذَنَّٰكَ مَا مِنَّا مِن شَهِيدٖ ٤٧

To Him [alone] is attributed knowledge of the Hour. And fruits emerge not from their coverings nor does a female conceive or give birth except with His knowledge. And the Day He will call to them, "Where are My 'partners'?" they will say, "We announce to You that there is [no longer] among us any witness [to that]."

﴿إِلَيۡهِ يُرَدُّ﴾: إلى اللهِ وحْدَهُ يُرجَعُ.

﴿مِّنۡ أَكۡمَامِهَا﴾: مِن أوْعِيَتِها. مُفْرَدُها: كِمٌّ.

﴿ءَاذَنَّـٰكَ﴾: أعْلَمناكَ.

﴿مَا مِنَّا مِن شَهِيدࣲ﴾: يَشْهَدُ أنّ لَكَ شَريكًا.

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وَضَلَّ عَنۡهُم مَّا كَانُواْ يَدۡعُونَ مِن قَبۡلُۖ وَظَنُّواْ مَا لَهُم مِّن مَّحِيصٖ ٤٨

And lost from them will be those they were invoking before, and they will be certain that they have no place of escape.

﴿وَضَلَّ عَنۡهُم﴾: وذَهَبَ عَنِ المشْرِكِينَ.

﴿وَظَنُّواْ﴾: أيقَنُوا.

﴿مَّحِيصࣲ﴾: مَلْجَأٍ مِن عَذابِ اللهِ.

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لَّا يَسۡـَٔمُ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ مِن دُعَآءِ ٱلۡخَيۡرِ وَإِن مَّسَّهُ ٱلشَّرُّ فَيَـُٔوسٞ قَنُوطٞ ٤٩

Man is not weary of supplication for good [things], but if evil touches him, he is hopeless and despairing.

﴿لَّا يَسۡـَٔمُ﴾: لا يَمَلُّ.

﴿ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنُ﴾: المُرادُ هُنا الكافرُ بِاللهِ.

﴿مِن دُعَآءِ ٱلۡخَيۡرِ﴾: مِن سُؤالِهِ رَبَّهُ أن يَمُدَّهُ بالمالِ والصِّحَّةِ.

﴿وَإِن مَّسَّهُ﴾: وإنْ أصابَه.

﴿ٱلشَّرُّ﴾: فَقْرٌ ومَرَضٌ.

﴿فَيَـُٔوسࣱ﴾: مُبالِغٌ في اعْتِقادِ عَدَمِ حُصُولِ الخيرِ لَهُ.

﴿قَنُوطࣱ﴾: شَدِيد اليأسِ.

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وَلَئِنۡ أَذَقۡنَٰهُ رَحۡمَةٗ مِّنَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ضَرَّآءَ مَسَّتۡهُ لَيَقُولَنَّ هَٰذَا لِي وَمَآ أَظُنُّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ قَآئِمَةٗ وَلَئِن رُّجِعۡتُ إِلَىٰ رَبِّيٓ إِنَّ لِي عِندَهُۥ لَلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ فَلَنُنَبِّئَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِمَا عَمِلُواْ وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُم مِّنۡ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٖ ٥٠

And if We let him taste mercy from Us after an adversity which has touched him, he will surely say, "This is [due] to me,1 and I do not think the Hour will occur; and [even] if I should be returned to my Lord, indeed, for me there will be with Him the best." But We will surely inform those who disbelieved about what they did, and We will surely make them taste a massive punishment.

﴿ضَرَّآءَ﴾: شدَّةٍ وبَلاءٍ.

﴿هَـٰذَا لِي﴾: أسْتَحِقُّه على اللهِ لأنّه راضٍ عَنِّي.

﴿لَلۡحُسۡنَىٰ﴾: الجنَّةِ.

﴿غَلِيظࣲ﴾: شَدِيدٍ، وهو خُلُودُهُم في النّارِ.

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وَإِذَآ أَنۡعَمۡنَا عَلَى ٱلۡإِنسَٰنِ أَعۡرَضَ وَنَـَٔا بِجَانِبِهِۦ وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ ٱلشَّرُّ فَذُو دُعَآءٍ عَرِيضٖ ٥١

And when We bestow favor upon man, he turns away and distances himself; but when evil touches him, then he is full of extensive supplication.

﴿وَنَـَٔابِجَانِبِهِۦ﴾: تَباعَدَ عَن شُكْرِ نِعْمَةِ اللهِ وطاعَتِهِ.

﴿عَرِيضࣲ﴾: كَثِيرٍ.

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قُلۡ أَرَءَيۡتُمۡ إِن كَانَ مِنۡ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ كَفَرۡتُم بِهِۦ مَنۡ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنۡ هُوَ فِي شِقَاقِۭ بَعِيدٖ ٥٢

Say, "Have you considered: if it [i.e., the Qur’ān] is from Allāh and you disbelieved in it, who would be more astray than one who is in extreme dissension?"

﴿أَرَءَيۡتُمۡ﴾: أخْبِرُونِي.

﴿مَنۡ أَضَلُّ﴾: لا أحَد أشَدُّ ذَهابًا عَن قَصْدِ السَّبيلِ.

﴿فِي شِقَاقِۭ﴾: في خِلافٍ وفِراقٍ لأمر الله.

﴿بَعِيدࣲ﴾: واسِع المسافَةِ مِنَ الرَّشادِ.

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سَنُرِيهِمۡ ءَايَٰتِنَا فِي ٱلۡأٓفَاقِ وَفِيٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمۡ أَنَّهُ ٱلۡحَقُّۗ أَوَلَمۡ يَكۡفِ بِرَبِّكَ أَنَّهُۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ شَهِيدٌ ٥٣

We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth.1 But is it not sufficient concerning your Lord that He is, over all things, a Witness?2

﴿ءَايَـٰتِنَا﴾: مِنَ الفُتُوحاتِ وظُهُورِ الإسْلامِ عَلى الأقاليمِ وسائِرِ الأدْيانِ.

﴿ٱلۡـَٔافَاقِ﴾: أقْطارِ السَّمَواتِ والأرْضِ.

﴿وَفِيٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ﴾: مِن لطِيفِ الصَّنْعَةِ وبدِيعِ الحِكْمةِ.

﴿أَوَ لَمۡ يَكۡفِ بِرَبِّكَ﴾: أو لم يَكْفِ ربُّكَ شاهِدًا عَلى صِدْقِكَ وصِدْقِ ما أُنزِلَ إليكَ.

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أَلَآ إِنَّهُمۡ فِي مِرۡيَةٖ مِّن لِّقَآءِ رَبِّهِمۡۗ أَلَآ إِنَّهُۥ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٖ مُّحِيطُۢ ٥٤

Unquestionably, they are in doubt about the meeting with their Lord. Unquestionably He is, of all things, encompassing.

﴿مِرۡيَةࣲ مِّن لِّقَآءِ رَبِّهِمۡ﴾: شَكٍّ عَظِيمٍ مِنَ البعثِ بَعْدَ المماتِ.

﴿مُّحِيطُۢ﴾: أحاطَ بِكُلِّ شَيءٍ عِلْمًا.

Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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