Al-Mukhtasar · Tafsir · in Chinese
الأحزاب
Al-Ahzab
The Combined Forces · Medinan · 73 ayahs
33:1Page 418
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ ٱتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُطِعِ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ وَٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا ١
O Prophet, fear Allāh and do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Wise.
先知啊!你和你的弟子们当敬畏真主,遵循真主命令,远离真主禁令,唯独敬畏真主!不要顺从不信道者和伪信者的私欲,真主确是全知不信道者和伪信者的伎俩的,祂的创造和裁夺确是至睿的。
33:2Page 418
وَٱتَّبِعۡ مَا يُوحَىٰٓ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٗا ٢
And follow that which is revealed to you from your Lord. Indeed Allāh is ever, of what you do, Aware.
你当跟随你的主降示于你的启示,真主对于你们的行为是彻知的,任何事物都无法对祂隐瞒,祂将依你们的行为对你们进行赏罚。
33:3Page 418
وَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى ٱللَّهِۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ وَكِيلٗا ٣
And rely upon Allāh; and sufficient is Allāh as Disposer of affairs.1
你当将所有事物托付于真主,清高的真主足以呵护众仆中信托于祂的人。
33:4Page 418
مَّا جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لِرَجُلٖ مِّن قَلۡبَيۡنِ فِي جَوۡفِهِۦۚ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَزۡوَٰجَكُمُ ٱلَّٰٓـِٔي تُظَٰهِرُونَ مِنۡهُنَّ أُمَّهَٰتِكُمۡۚ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدۡعِيَآءَكُمۡ أَبۡنَآءَكُمۡۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ قَوۡلُكُم بِأَفۡوَٰهِكُمۡۖ وَٱللَّهُ يَقُولُ ٱلۡحَقَّ وَهُوَ يَهۡدِي ٱلسَّبِيلَ ٤
Allāh has not made for a man two hearts in his interior. And He has not made your wives whom you declare unlawful1 your mothers. And He has not made your claimed [i.e., adopted] sons your [true] sons. That is [merely] your saying by your mouths, but Allāh says the truth, and He guides to the [right] way.
真主没有在任何人的胸膛里创造两颗心,在禁忌中,没有使妻室等同于母亲。同样,祂也没有使义子等同于儿子,用脊背比喻(古代阿拉伯男人对妻子说:“对于我,你的脊背和我母亲的脊背一样”,意为“你被休了”)和纳义子都是蒙昧时期的习俗,已被伊斯兰取缔,这些习俗仍被你们常常提起,这是不真实的,妻室不能当做母亲,义子也不能当做儿子。清高真主说出真理,以便众仆遵循,祂引导人至正道。
33:5Page 418
ٱدۡعُوهُمۡ لِأٓبَآئِهِمۡ هُوَ أَقۡسَطُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِۚ فَإِن لَّمۡ تَعۡلَمُوٓاْ ءَابَآءَهُمۡ فَإِخۡوَٰنُكُمۡ فِي ٱلدِّينِ وَمَوَٰلِيكُمۡۚ وَلَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٞ فِيمَآ أَخۡطَأۡتُم بِهِۦ وَلَٰكِن مَّا تَعَمَّدَتۡ قُلُوبُكُمۡۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورٗا رَّحِيمًا ٥
Call them1 by [the names of] their fathers; it is more just in the sight of Allāh. But if you do not know their fathers - then they are [still] your brothers in religion and those entrusted to you. And there is no blame upon you for that in which you have erred but [only for] what your hearts intended. And ever is Allāh Forgiving and Merciful.
你们当把你们的义子归到他们生父的姓氏下,在真主看来,这是最公正的。假若你们不知道他们(义子)的父亲是谁,那么他们就是你们的教胞和兄弟,你们当还他们自由,称他们为兄弟或侄子等,你们误称义子为儿子不为过,但若你们故意为之,则是罪过。对于悔过之人,真主确是至赦的;对于误犯错者,真主确是至慈的。
33:6Page 418
ٱلنَّبِيُّ أَوۡلَىٰ بِٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ مِنۡ أَنفُسِهِمۡۖ وَأَزۡوَٰجُهُۥٓ أُمَّهَٰتُهُمۡۗ وَأُوْلُواْ ٱلۡأَرۡحَامِ بَعۡضُهُمۡ أَوۡلَىٰ بِبَعۡضٖ فِي كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَٱلۡمُهَٰجِرِينَ إِلَّآ أَن تَفۡعَلُوٓاْ إِلَىٰٓ أَوۡلِيَآئِكُم مَّعۡرُوفٗاۚ كَانَ ذَٰلِكَ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ مَسۡطُورٗا ٦
The Prophet is more worthy of the believers than themselves,1 and his wives are [in the position of] their mothers. And those of [blood] relationship are more entitled [to inheritance] in the decree of Allāh than the [other] believers and the emigrants, except that you may do to your close associates a kindness [through bequest]. That was in the Book2 inscribed.
对于信士,先知穆罕默德(愿主福安之)所倡导的所有事务中,他的权利更甚于众信士自身的权利,哪怕他们心存异议。先知(愿主福安之)的众妻室的地位相当于众信士的母亲,先知(愿主福安之)归真后,禁止任何信士娶任何一位圣妻。在真主规定的遗产分割中,具有血亲关系之人要比信士和为主道出征之人更应享有该权利。信士们啊!在伊斯兰初期他们相互间可以继承的,之后这已被取缔,除非你们对自己亲友行善是可以的。而这并非继承。这个判定早被记录在天经里,必须加以遵守。
33:7Page 419
وَإِذۡ أَخَذۡنَا مِنَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ مِيثَٰقَهُمۡ وَمِنكَ وَمِن نُّوحٖ وَإِبۡرَٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَى ٱبۡنِ مَرۡيَمَۖ وَأَخَذۡنَا مِنۡهُم مِّيثَٰقًا غَلِيظٗا ٧
And [mention, O Muḥammad], when We took from the prophets their covenant and from you and from Noah and Abraham and Moses and Jesus, the son of Mary; and We took from them a solemn covenant
使者啊!你当知道,我曾和众先知订下庄严的盟约,即他们只崇拜独一的真主,不以物配主,传达我降于他们的启示,其中特别是你(穆罕默德)、努哈、伊布拉欣、穆萨、麦尔彦之子尔萨。我和你们立下庄严的盟约,你们要真诚地完成真主的使命。
33:8Page 419
لِّيَسۡـَٔلَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ عَن صِدۡقِهِمۡۚ وَأَعَدَّ لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابًا أَلِيمٗا ٨
That He may question the truthful about their truth.1 And He has prepared for the disbelievers a painful punishment.
真主与众先知立此庄严约定,以便祂向使者中诚实者询问他们的诚实,而责备不信道者。真主为不信真主及其使者之人,在复活日预备了重大的刑罚,那就是火狱。
33:9Page 419
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذۡ جَآءَتۡكُمۡ جُنُودٞ فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ رِيحٗا وَجُنُودٗا لَّمۡ تَرَوۡهَاۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا ٩
O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allāh upon you when armies came to [attack] you and We sent upon them a wind and armies [of angels] you did not see. And ever is Allāh, of what you do, Seeing.
信道的人们啊!你们当记住真主对你们的恩典,当不信道者的军队结盟来麦地那杀戮你们时,我派遣沙尘暴袭击了他们,先知(愿主福安之)以此得胜。我派遣了你们看不见的天使队伍,于是不信道者败北而逃。真主监测你们的行为,任何事都不能隐瞒祂,祂将依你们的行为奖罚你们。
33:10Page 419
إِذۡ جَآءُوكُم مِّن فَوۡقِكُمۡ وَمِنۡ أَسۡفَلَ مِنكُمۡ وَإِذۡ زَاغَتِ ٱلۡأَبۡصَٰرُ وَبَلَغَتِ ٱلۡقُلُوبُ ٱلۡحَنَاجِرَ وَتَظُنُّونَ بِٱللَّهِ ٱلظُّنُونَا۠ ١٠
[Remember] when they came at you from above you and from below you, and when eyes shifted [in fear], and hearts reached the throats, and you assumed about Allāh [various] assumptions.
当他们从山谷的东西两侧的上方和下方攻击你们的时候,你们眼前除了敌人外什么都看不见,巨大的恐惧使人心提到嗓子眼。你们对真主做出种种猜测,时而猜测会胜利,时而又对胜利产生绝望。
33:11Page 419
هُنَالِكَ ٱبۡتُلِيَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ وَزُلۡزِلُواْ زِلۡزَالٗا شَدِيدٗا ١١
There the believers were tested and shaken with a severe shaking.
在壕沟战役现场,面对敌人的攻势,信士们受到了考验,巨大的恐惧使他们陷入严重的混乱。通过这次考验,分出了信士和伪信者。
33:12Page 419
وَإِذۡ يَقُولُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقُونَ وَٱلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٞ مَّا وَعَدَنَا ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥٓ إِلَّا غُرُورٗا ١٢
And [remember] when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is disease said, "Allāh and His Messenger did not promise us except delusion,"
那日,伪信者和心存怀疑的信仰不坚者说:“真主和祂的使者,只是虚伪的,毫无根据的许诺我们会战胜我们的敌人和在大地上得势。”
33:13Page 419
وَإِذۡ قَالَت طَّآئِفَةٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ يَٰٓأَهۡلَ يَثۡرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمۡ فَٱرۡجِعُواْۚ وَيَسۡتَـٔۡذِنُ فَرِيقٞ مِّنۡهُمُ ٱلنَّبِيَّ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوۡرَةٞ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوۡرَةٍۖ إِن يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارٗا ١٣
And when a faction of them said, "O people of Yathrib,1 there is no stability for you [here], so return [home]." And a party of them asked permission of the Prophet, saying, "Indeed, our houses are exposed [i.e., unprotected]," while they were not exposed. They did not intend except to flee.
使者啊!你应记得,当时一部分伪信者对麦地那居民说:“叶斯里卜城(伊斯兰前麦地那城旧称)的人们啊!你们不必在壕沟附近逗留,你们回家去吧!”他们中一部分人以自家暴露在敌人面前为由向先知(愿主福安之)告假,请求准许他们回家。其实,他们的家院并不暴露在外,他们只是想以此谎言为借口而逃离敌人。
33:14Page 419
وَلَوۡ دُخِلَتۡ عَلَيۡهِم مِّنۡ أَقۡطَارِهَا ثُمَّ سُئِلُواْ ٱلۡفِتۡنَةَ لَأٓتَوۡهَا وَمَا تَلَبَّثُواْ بِهَآ إِلَّا يَسِيرٗا ١٤
And if they had been entered upon from all its [surrounding] regions and fitnah [i.e., disbelief] had been demanded of them, they would have done it and not hesitated over it except briefly.
假若敌人从四面攻进城内,要求他们回到不信道和以物配主行为中,他们便会答应敌人。对于叛教和回到不信,他们只会思考片刻。
33:15Page 419
وَلَقَدۡ كَانُواْ عَٰهَدُواْ ٱللَّهَ مِن قَبۡلُ لَا يُوَلُّونَ ٱلۡأَدۡبَٰرَۚ وَكَانَ عَهۡدُ ٱللَّهِ مَسۡـُٔولٗا ١٥
And they had already promised Allāh before not to turn their backs [i.e., flee]. And ever is the promise to Allāh [that about which one will be] questioned.
这些伪信者曾在伍候德战役中逃跑,之后他们与真主约定,如果真主使他们再面临另一场战争,他们必定奋力杀敌,绝不因害怕而逃跑。但是,他们失约了。对于与真主的约定,仆人要履行,将受询问。
33:16Page 420
قُل لَّن يَنفَعَكُمُ ٱلۡفِرَارُ إِن فَرَرۡتُم مِّنَ ٱلۡمَوۡتِ أَوِ ٱلۡقَتۡلِ وَإِذٗا لَّا تُمَتَّعُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا ١٦
Say, [O Muḥammad], "Never will fleeing benefit you if you should flee from death or killing; and then [if you did], you would not be given enjoyment [of life] except for a little."
使者啊!你对这等人说:“如果你们害怕死亡而从临阵脱逃,逃跑无济于你们,因为生命的期限是定好的。如果你们的期限还未来临,你们即使逃跑了,也只能享受短暂的时间。”
33:17Page 420
قُلۡ مَن ذَا ٱلَّذِي يَعۡصِمُكُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ إِنۡ أَرَادَ بِكُمۡ سُوٓءًا أَوۡ أَرَادَ بِكُمۡ رَحۡمَةٗۚ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ لَهُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيّٗا وَلَا نَصِيرٗا ١٧
Say, "Who is it that can protect you from Allāh1 if He intends for you an ill or intends for you a mercy?" And they will not find for themselves besides Allāh any protector or any helper.
使者啊!你对他们说:“假若真主使你们讨厌的死亡或阵亡来临你们,谁又能从真主那里拯救你们呢?假若真主以你们渴望的平安和好事来临你们,也绝无任何人能对其加以阻止。除真主外,你们绝不会找到其他任何监护者和援助者。”
33:18Page 420
۞ قَدۡ يَعۡلَمُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُعَوِّقِينَ مِنكُمۡ وَٱلۡقَآئِلِينَ لِإِخۡوَٰنِهِمۡ هَلُمَّ إِلَيۡنَاۖ وَلَا يَأۡتُونَ ٱلۡبَأۡسَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا ١٨
Already Allāh knows the hinderers1 among you and those [hypocrites] who say to their brothers, "Come to us,"2 and do not go to battle, except for a few,3
真主知道你们中有人阻挠他人与使者(愿主福安之)一同战斗,他们对他们的兄弟们说:“过来和我们一起吧!别和他一起去战斗,那样你们会被杀死的!我们担心你们遇害。”这些放弃战斗者不会去战斗,也极少参战,他们参战只是为了去除自身不参战的耻辱,并非为了援助真主及其使者。
33:19Page 420
أَشِحَّةً عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ فَإِذَا جَآءَ ٱلۡخَوۡفُ رَأَيۡتَهُمۡ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيۡكَ تَدُورُ أَعۡيُنُهُمۡ كَٱلَّذِي يُغۡشَىٰ عَلَيۡهِ مِنَ ٱلۡمَوۡتِۖ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ ٱلۡخَوۡفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلۡسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ أَشِحَّةً عَلَى ٱلۡخَيۡرِۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ لَمۡ يُؤۡمِنُواْ فَأَحۡبَطَ ٱللَّهُ أَعۡمَٰلَهُمۡۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرٗا ١٩
Indisposed1 toward you. And when fear comes, you see them looking at you, their eyes revolving like one being overcome by death. But when fear departs, they lash you with sharp tongues, indisposed toward [any] good. Those have not believed, so Allāh has rendered their deeds worthless, and ever is that, for Allāh, easy.
信士们啊!他们吝啬于出资协助你们,也吝啬于自己和你们一起战斗,更吝啬于友善地对待你们。使者啊!当他们遭遇敌人而恐慌时就望着你,他们胆怯的眼睛,转动的就像濒死之人痛苦的眼睛;当恐怖消除得以安全时,他们则以尖锐的语言重伤你们,对于得到的战利品他们是吝啬的。具备这些品行之人,他们不是真信士,真主取消他们行为的奖赏,这对真主是极为容易的。
33:20Page 420
يَحۡسَبُونَ ٱلۡأَحۡزَابَ لَمۡ يَذۡهَبُواْۖ وَإِن يَأۡتِ ٱلۡأَحۡزَابُ يَوَدُّواْ لَوۡ أَنَّهُم بَادُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ يَسۡـَٔلُونَ عَنۡ أَنۢبَآئِكُمۡۖ وَلَوۡ كَانُواْ فِيكُم مَّا قَٰتَلُوٓاْ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا ٢٠
They think the companies have not [yet] withdrawn.1 And if the companies should come [again], they would wish they were in the desert among the bedouins, inquiring [from afar] about your news. And if they should be among you, they would not fight except for a little.
这些胆怯者认为,袭击使者(愿主福安之)和信士们的同盟军的目的是将信士彻底铲除。如果同盟军再次来袭,伪信者希望自己到城外去,和游牧的阿拉伯人在一起,打听你们的消息,以知道被敌人袭击后你们的情况。信士们啊!如果他们和你们在一起,则很少战斗。你们不要关心他们,也不用为他们难过。
33:21Page 420
لَّقَدۡ كَانَ لَكُمۡ فِي رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةٞ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرۡجُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلۡيَوۡمَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَ وَذَكَرَ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرٗا ٢١
There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allāh an excellent pattern1 for anyone whose hope is in Allāh and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allāh often.
真主使者的言行举止是你们的典范,他亲自参加战斗,之后你们怎能吝啬于参战呢?希望后世、为此行善并多多纪念真主者,当以真主的使者(愿主福安之)为榜样。不希望后世,没有多多记念真主者,则不会以真主的使者(愿主福安之)为榜样。
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وَلَمَّا رَءَا ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ ٱلۡأَحۡزَابَ قَالُواْ هَٰذَا مَا وَعَدَنَا ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥ وَصَدَقَ ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥۚ وَمَا زَادَهُمۡ إِلَّآ إِيمَٰنٗا وَتَسۡلِيمٗا ٢٢
And when the believers saw the companies, they said, "This is what Allāh and His Messenger had promised us, and Allāh and His Messenger spoke the truth." And it increased them only in faith and acceptance.
当信士们眼见同盟军来袭时,他们说:“这是真主及其使者许诺我们的考验和胜利。真主和使者都说对了,这的确已经实现。”当看见同盟军时,他们更加确信和顺从真主。
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مِّنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ رِجَالٞ صَدَقُواْ مَا عَٰهَدُواْ ٱللَّهَ عَلَيۡهِۖ فَمِنۡهُم مَّن قَضَىٰ نَحۡبَهُۥ وَمِنۡهُم مَّن يَنتَظِرُۖ وَمَا بَدَّلُواْ تَبۡدِيلٗا ٢٣
Among the believers are men true to what they promised Allāh. Among them is he who has fulfilled his vow [to the death], and among them is he who awaits [his chance]. And they did not alter [the terms of their commitment] by any alteration -
信士中很多人,真诚对待真主,并在为真主奋斗中以坚定和忍耐实践和履行了与真主定的盟约,他们有的殉道而亡,有的在伺机做出牺牲,这些信士没有改变他们和真主的盟约,他们也不像伪信者对待盟约那样。
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لِّيَجۡزِيَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ بِصِدۡقِهِمۡ وَيُعَذِّبَ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ إِن شَآءَ أَوۡ يَتُوبَ عَلَيۡهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورٗا رَّحِيمٗا ٢٤
That Allāh may reward the truthful for their truth and punish the hypocrites if He wills or accept their repentance. Indeed, Allāh is ever Forgiving and Merciful.
真主将赏赐诚实者,他们诚实地实践与真主的盟约,并忠心地履行约定。真主将随意惩罚爽约的伪信者——在他们忏悔前让他们死亡;或赦免他们,赐他们成功的忏悔。真主是至赦、至慈悔罪者的。
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وَرَدَّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِغَيۡظِهِمۡ لَمۡ يَنَالُواْ خَيۡرٗاۚ وَكَفَى ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٱلۡقِتَالَۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزٗا ٢٥
And Allāh repelled those who disbelieved, in their rage, not having obtained any good. And sufficient was Allāh for the believers in battle, and ever is Allāh Powerful and Exalted in Might.
真主使古莱氏人、盖特凡人(伊斯兰初期,居住在内志、汉志地区和麦地那城郊一带的阿拉伯古代民族)以及与他们一起的人,未能达到自己预期目的故无功而返——没有取得所期望的根除信士的胜利。真主派遣暴风并降下天使,祂使信士获胜。真主是强大的,万能的,不可战胜的。
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وَأَنزَلَ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَٰهَرُوهُم مِّنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ مِن صَيَاصِيهِمۡ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلرُّعۡبَ فَرِيقٗا تَقۡتُلُونَ وَتَأۡسِرُونَ فَرِيقٗا ٢٦
And He brought down those who supported them among the People of the Scripture1 from their fortresses and cast terror into their hearts [so that] a party [i.e., their men] you killed, and you took captive a party [i.e., the women and children].
真主使帮助他们的犹太人,从他们的堡垒下来,并把恐怖投入他们心中。信士啊!你们杀戮他们一部分,俘虏一部分。
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وَأَوۡرَثَكُمۡ أَرۡضَهُمۡ وَدِيَٰرَهُمۡ وَأَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ وَأَرۡضٗا لَّمۡ تَطَـُٔوهَاۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٗا ٢٧
And He caused you to inherit their land and their homes and their properties and a land which you have not trodden.1 And ever is Allāh, over all things, competent.
在他们毁灭之后,真主使你们继承他们种满庄稼和椰枣树的土地,房屋、其他财产和你们未曾踏足的海伊巴尔之地,然而,你们将占领它。这是对信士的许诺和喜讯。真主是万能的,没有什么事可以难住祂。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ قُل لِّأَزۡوَٰجِكَ إِن كُنتُنَّ تُرِدۡنَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَزِينَتَهَا فَتَعَالَيۡنَ أُمَتِّعۡكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحۡكُنَّ سَرَاحٗا جَمِيلٗا ٢٨
O Prophet, say to your wives, "If you should desire the worldly life and its adornment, then come, I will provide for you and give you a gracious release.
先知啊!当你的妻室们向你请示开支宽裕,而你不宽裕时,你对她们说:“如果你们想要今世的生活及其装饰,那么你们来吧!我将以离仪供你们享受,我将依礼毫无伤害地休了你们。
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وَإِن كُنتُنَّ تُرِدۡنَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَٱلدَّارَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلۡمُحۡسِنَٰتِ مِنكُنَّ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا ٢٩
But if you should desire Allāh and His Messenger and the home of the Hereafter - then indeed, Allāh has prepared for the doers of good among you a great reward."
如果你们想要真主及其使者的喜悦,想要后世的乐园,那么你们当坚忍现状,因为真主已为你们中坚忍和善待生活者预备了重大赏赐。”
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يَٰنِسَآءَ ٱلنَّبِيِّ مَن يَأۡتِ مِنكُنَّ بِفَٰحِشَةٖ مُّبَيِّنَةٖ يُضَٰعَفۡ لَهَا ٱلۡعَذَابُ ضِعۡفَيۡنِۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرٗا ٣٠
O wives of the Prophet, whoever of you should commit a clear immorality - for her the punishment would be doubled two fold, and ever is that, for Allāh, easy.
先知的妻子们啊!你们中谁作了明显的悖逆之事,由于她的地位和等级,为维护先知(愿主福安之)的尊严,她将在复活日受加倍刑罚,加倍对真主是容易的。
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۞ وَمَن يَقۡنُتۡ مِنكُنَّ لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتَعۡمَلۡ صَٰلِحٗا نُّؤۡتِهَآ أَجۡرَهَا مَرَّتَيۡنِ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لَهَا رِزۡقٗا كَرِيمٗا ٣١
And whoever of you devoutly obeys Allāh and His Messenger and does righteousness - We will give her her reward twice; and We have prepared for her a noble provision.
你们中服从真主及其使者、且以取悦真主而行善者,我将赐她超越其他妇女数倍的奖赏,并为她在后世预备了宽宏的赏赐,即乐园。
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يَٰنِسَآءَ ٱلنَّبِيِّ لَسۡتُنَّ كَأَحَدٖ مِّنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ إِنِ ٱتَّقَيۡتُنَّۚ فَلَا تَخۡضَعۡنَ بِٱلۡقَوۡلِ فَيَطۡمَعَ ٱلَّذِي فِي قَلۡبِهِۦ مَرَضٞ وَقُلۡنَ قَوۡلٗا مَّعۡرُوفٗا ٣٢
O wives of the Prophet, you are not like anyone among women. If you fear Allāh, then do not be soft in speech [to men],1 lest he in whose heart is disease should covet, but speak with appropriate speech.
先知(愿主福安之)的妻室们啊!你们的恩典和尊严不同于其他妇女,你们的恩典、尊严和地位也是其他妇女无法奢望的。如果你们遵从真主的命令,远离真主的禁令,就不要用柔和的、温软的语气与丈夫以外的其他男人说话,以免心中有伪信疾病和非份想法,因此产生奢望。你们当说那些远离暧昧、庄重而非玩笑之言。
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وَقَرۡنَ فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ وَلَا تَبَرَّجۡنَ تَبَرُّجَ ٱلۡجَٰهِلِيَّةِ ٱلۡأُولَىٰۖ وَأَقِمۡنَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتِينَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَأَطِعۡنَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيُذۡهِبَ عَنكُمُ ٱلرِّجۡسَ أَهۡلَ ٱلۡبَيۡتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمۡ تَطۡهِيرٗا ٣٣
And abide in your houses and do not display yourselves as [was] the display of the former times of ignorance. And establish prayer and give zakāh and obey Allāh and His Messenger. Allāh intends only to remove from you the impurity [of sin], O people of the [Prophet's] household, and to purify you with [extensive] purification.
没有任何需求时,你们当安居家中,不要外出,不要显露你们的美丽,那是伊斯兰之前妇女的行为,她们那样显露是为了诱惑男人。你们当完美地履行礼拜,施舍你们的天课,你们当顺从真主及其使者,你们当顺从真主及其使者,真主欲消除对你们的伤害和丑事。使者的妻室和家眷啊!真主欲清洁你们的心灵,以道德的恩惠装饰它,完全清除其污秽,不留任何污渍。
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وَٱذۡكُرۡنَ مَا يُتۡلَىٰ فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ مِنۡ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ لَطِيفًا خَبِيرًا ٣٤
And remember what is recited in your houses of the verses of Allāh and wisdom.1 Indeed, Allāh is ever Subtle2 and Aware.
你们当铭记在你们的家里所诵的真主示于使者的经文,以及使者的言行。对于你们,真主确是仁厚的。当你们丧偶时,祂使你们留在使者的家中,真主确是深知一切的,祂拣选你们成为祂使者的妻室,成为这个民族的信士之母。
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إِنَّ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ وَٱلۡمُسۡلِمَٰتِ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ وَٱلۡقَٰنِتِينَ وَٱلۡقَٰنِتَٰتِ وَٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ وَٱلصَّٰدِقَٰتِ وَٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ وَٱلصَّٰبِرَٰتِ وَٱلۡخَٰشِعِينَ وَٱلۡخَٰشِعَٰتِ وَٱلۡمُتَصَدِّقِينَ وَٱلۡمُتَصَدِّقَٰتِ وَٱلصَّٰٓئِمِينَ وَٱلصَّٰٓئِمَٰتِ وَٱلۡحَٰفِظِينَ فُرُوجَهُمۡ وَٱلۡحَٰفِظَٰتِ وَٱلذَّٰكِرِينَ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرٗا وَٱلذَّٰكِرَٰتِ أَعَدَّ ٱللَّهُ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٗ وَأَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا ٣٥
Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and believing women, the obedient men and obedient women, the truthful men and truthful women, the patient men and patient women, the humble men and humble women, the charitable men and charitable women, the fasting men and fasting women, the men who guard their private parts and the women who do so, and the men who remember Allāh often and the women who do so - for them Allāh has prepared forgiveness and a great reward.
顺从真主的男女、诚信真主的男女、听从真主的男女、信仰诚实的男女、在考验中坚忍的男女、以自己的财产完纳主命和随心施舍的男女、因真主而履行主命和副功斋戒的男女、遮盖羞体、保守贞操、远离奸情丑事及其诱惑的男女、常常在口头和内心公开地和秘密地纪念真主的男女。真主为他们预备了对他们罪过的饶恕和复活日重大的奖赏——乐园。
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وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤۡمِنٖ وَلَا مُؤۡمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥٓ أَمۡرًا أَن يَكُونَ لَهُمُ ٱلۡخِيَرَةُ مِنۡ أَمۡرِهِمۡۗ وَمَن يَعۡصِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ ضَلَٰلٗا مُّبِينٗا ٣٦
It is not for a believing man or a believing woman, when Allāh and His Messenger have decided a matter, that they should [thereafter] have any choice about their affair. And whoever disobeys Allāh and His Messenger has certainly strayed into clear error.
如果真主及其使者判决一件事时,信士的男女没有接受或反对的选择。违背真主及其使者之人,确已明显迷失正道。
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وَإِذۡ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِيٓ أَنۡعَمَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِ وَأَنۡعَمۡتَ عَلَيۡهِ أَمۡسِكۡ عَلَيۡكَ زَوۡجَكَ وَٱتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ وَتُخۡفِي فِي نَفۡسِكَ مَا ٱللَّهُ مُبۡدِيهِ وَتَخۡشَى ٱلنَّاسَ وَٱللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخۡشَىٰهُۖ فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ زَيۡدٞ مِّنۡهَا وَطَرٗا زَوَّجۡنَٰكَهَا لِكَيۡ لَا يَكُونَ عَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ حَرَجٞ فِيٓ أَزۡوَٰجِ أَدۡعِيَآئِهِمۡ إِذَا قَضَوۡاْ مِنۡهُنَّ وَطَرٗاۚ وَكَانَ أَمۡرُ ٱللَّهِ مَفۡعُولٗا ٣٧
And [remember, O Muḥammad], when you said to the one on whom Allāh bestowed favor and you bestowed favor,1 "Keep your wife and fear Allāh," while you concealed within yourself that which Allāh is to disclose.2 And you feared the people,3 while Allāh has more right that you fear Him.4 So when Zayd had no longer any need for her, We married her to you in order that there not be upon the believers any discomfort [i.e., guilt] concerning the wives of their claimed [i.e., adopted] sons when they no longer have need of them. And ever is the command [i.e., decree] of Allāh accomplished.
使者啊!真主赐宰德•本•哈里斯(愿主喜悦之)伊斯兰的恩典——你赐他释奴自由之身。他前来和你协商有关休掉妻子宰奈白•瑸特•奈杰哈事宜时,你说:“你当挽留你的妻子,不要休她,你当以遵守真主命令和远离真主禁令戒而敬畏真主。”使者啊!你畏惧人们的非议,而将真主降示于你迎娶宰奈白为妻的启示,隐藏在你的心里。真主将昭示宰德休妻,然后你娶她为妻的事。就这件事,你更应畏惧真主!当宰德心情平静、离绝她后,我以她为你的妻子,以免信士为他们的义子休妻且待婚期过后而烦难。真主的命令必须奉行,毫无阻挠,也无妨碍。
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مَّا كَانَ عَلَى ٱلنَّبِيِّ مِنۡ حَرَجٖ فِيمَا فَرَضَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُۥۖ سُنَّةَ ٱللَّهِ فِي ٱلَّذِينَ خَلَوۡاْ مِن قَبۡلُۚ وَكَانَ أَمۡرُ ٱللَّهِ قَدَرٗا مَّقۡدُورًا ٣٨
There is not to be upon the Prophet any discomfort concerning that which Allāh has imposed upon him.1 [This is] the established way of Allāh with those [prophets] who have passed on before. And ever is the command of Allāh a destiny decreed.
先知穆罕默德(愿主福安之)对真主赐予他合法迎娶义子之妻之事,毫无罪过和烦难。就此事,他只是遵循先前众先知之道,而非新生异端之事。真主的判决——完美此桩婚姻,作废纳义子之事。关于此事,先知毫无意见或选择——是被执行的,不可撤回的。
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ٱلَّذِينَ يُبَلِّغُونَ رِسَٰلَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَخۡشَوۡنَهُۥ وَلَا يَخۡشَوۡنَ أَحَدًا إِلَّا ٱللَّهَۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ حَسِيبٗا ٣٩
[Allāh praises] those who convey the messages of Allāh1 and fear Him and do not fear anyone but Allāh. And sufficient is Allāh as Accountant.
向他们的民众传达真主降示于他们使命的众使者,他们只畏惧清高的真主,不顾及别人对真主允许他们所行之事的评论。真主足以对众仆行为监察,并依此对他们清算和赏罚。善行必得善果,恶行必得恶果。
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مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَآ أَحَدٖ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمۡ وَلَٰكِن رَّسُولَ ٱللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٗا ٤٠
Muḥammad is not the father of [any] one of your men, but [he is] the Messenger of Allāh and seal [i.e., last] of the prophets. And ever is Allāh, of all things, Knowing.
穆罕默德不是你们中任何男人的父亲,他也不是宰德的父亲,(如果是)那么宰德休妻后,他不得娶她。但是,他是真主派往世人的使者、是众先知的封印者,在他之后不再有先知。真主是全知万物的,众仆中的任何事都无法瞒祂。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ ذِكۡرٗا كَثِيرٗا ٤١
O you who have believed, remember Allāh with much remembrance
信仰真主并履行真主为他们制定教法的人们啊!你们应该用心、用语言和身体力行纪念真主。
当因朝夕这两个时辰的高贵,以赞词和清真言赞清高真主超绝。
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هُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُصَلِّي عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتُهُۥ لِيُخۡرِجَكُم مِّنَ ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِۚ وَكَانَ بِٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ رَحِيمٗا ٤٣
It is He who confers blessing upon you,1 and His angels [ask Him to do so] that He may bring you out from darknesses into the light. And ever is He, to the believers, Merciful.
祂怜悯你们、赞扬你们,祂的众天使为你们祈祷,以便将你们从不信道的重重黑暗中引向信仰的光明。祂对信士是至慈的,只要他们顺从祂、遵守祂的命令、远离祂的禁戒,祂就不会惩罚他们。
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تَحِيَّتُهُمۡ يَوۡمَ يَلۡقَوۡنَهُۥ سَلَٰمٞۚ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرٗا كَرِيمٗا ٤٤
Their greeting the Day they meet Him will be, "Peace." And He has prepared for them a noble reward.
信士会见真主那日,真主对他们的祝辞是:“祝你们平安!祝你们安宁!”真主为他们预备的重大的奖赏——乐园,作为对他们顺服、远离悖逆的报酬。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ إِنَّآ أَرۡسَلۡنَٰكَ شَٰهِدٗا وَمُبَشِّرٗا وَنَذِيرٗا ٤٥
O Prophet, indeed We have sent you as a witness and a bringer of good tidings and a warner
先知啊!我派遣你为世人的见证者,以见证你向他们传达了你奉命所传达的;报喜者,以真主为他们预备的乐园向信士报喜;警告者,以真主预备的刑罚向不信道者警告。
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وَدَاعِيًا إِلَى ٱللَّهِ بِإِذۡنِهِۦ وَسِرَاجٗا مُّنِيرٗا ٤٦
And one who invites to Allāh, by His permission, and an illuminating lamp.
我派遣你,号召世人认主独一、遵从命令;我派遣你,成为渴望获得引导之人的明灯。
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وَبَشِّرِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ فَضۡلٗا كَبِيرٗا ٤٧
And give good tidings to the believers that they will have from Allāh great bounty.
你当告诉依真主律法而行事的信士,在清高的真主那里,他们将获得令他们心悦的伟大恩惠,包括今世的胜利以及后世进入乐园的胜利。
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وَلَا تُطِعِ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ وَٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ وَدَعۡ أَذَىٰهُمۡ وَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى ٱللَّهِۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ وَكِيلٗا ٤٨
And do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites and disregard their annoyance, and rely upon Allāh. And sufficient is Allāh as Disposer of affairs.
你不要听从不信道者和伪信者阻碍真主宗教的号召,你不要听从不信道者和伪信者阻碍真主宗教的号召,也许如此以来适得其反。你的所有事物都当托付于真主,包括战胜你的敌人。真主足以成为众仆今世和后世所有事物的监护者。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا نَكَحۡتُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقۡتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمۡ عَلَيۡهِنَّ مِنۡ عِدَّةٖ تَعۡتَدُّونَهَاۖ فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحٗا جَمِيلٗا ٤٩
O you who have believed, when you marry believing women and then divorce them before you have touched them [i.e., consummated the marriage], then there is not for you any waiting period to count concerning them. So provide for them and give them a gracious release.
信士们啊!如果你们和信士的妇女定下婚约,而在行房前休了她们,她们就无需为你们而守数次例假或数月的待婚期,那只是为了确定他们子宫无孕。你们当根据能力以你们的钱财给予她们,以慰藉她们因离婚而破碎的心情,当让她们毫无伤害的回到家人那里。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ إِنَّآ أَحۡلَلۡنَا لَكَ أَزۡوَٰجَكَ ٱلَّٰتِيٓ ءَاتَيۡتَ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَمَا مَلَكَتۡ يَمِينُكَ مِمَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمِّكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمَّٰتِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَٰلَٰتِكَ ٱلَّٰتِي هَاجَرۡنَ مَعَكَ وَٱمۡرَأَةٗ مُّؤۡمِنَةً إِن وَهَبَتۡ نَفۡسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنۡ أَرَادَ ٱلنَّبِيُّ أَن يَسۡتَنكِحَهَا خَالِصَةٗ لَّكَ مِن دُونِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَۗ قَدۡ عَلِمۡنَا مَا فَرَضۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ فِيٓ أَزۡوَٰجِهِمۡ وَمَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُهُمۡ لِكَيۡلَا يَكُونَ عَلَيۡكَ حَرَجٞۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورٗا رَّحِيمٗا ٥٠
O Prophet, indeed We have made lawful to you your wives to whom you have given their due compensation1 and those your right hand possesses from what Allāh has returned to you [of captives] and the daughters of your paternal uncles and the daughters of your paternal aunts and the daughters of your maternal uncles and the daughters of your maternal aunts who emigrated with you and a believing woman if she gives herself to the Prophet [and] if the Prophet wishes to marry her; [this is] only for you, excluding the [other] believers. We certainly know what We have made obligatory upon them concerning their wives and those their right hands possess, [but this is for you] in order that there will be upon you no discomfort [i.e., difficulty]. And ever is Allāh Forgiving and Merciful.
先知啊!我准许你享受你给予聘礼的妻子,真主把俘虏中的奴婢为你定为合法,并允许娶一道从麦加迁徙至麦地那的你叔父的女子、你姑姑的女子、你舅母的女子和你姨妈的女子;以及信道的妇女,自愿放弃聘礼而以身相赠于你,若你愿意娶她都为合法。这只是真主对先知(愿主福安之)特许的婚姻,其他任何人不得援例。规定信士娶妻的义务——他们不得娶超过四位妇女。我为他们规定的奴婢的事宜,他们可以不受数量限制的享受他们所欲的奴婢。使者啊!我特许以上诸事于你,以免你感受不适和困难。对忏悔的仆人,真主确是至恕的、至慈的。
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۞ تُرۡجِي مَن تَشَآءُ مِنۡهُنَّ وَتُـٔۡوِيٓ إِلَيۡكَ مَن تَشَآءُۖ وَمَنِ ٱبۡتَغَيۡتَ مِمَّنۡ عَزَلۡتَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكَۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدۡنَىٰٓ أَن تَقَرَّ أَعۡيُنُهُنَّ وَلَا يَحۡزَنَّ وَيَرۡضَيۡنَ بِمَآ ءَاتَيۡتَهُنَّ كُلُّهُنَّۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ مَا فِي قُلُوبِكُمۡۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَلِيمٗا ٥١
You, [O Muḥammad], may put aside whom you will of them1 or take to yourself whom you will. And any that you desire of those [wives] from whom you had [temporarily] separated - there is no blame upon you [in returning her]. That is more suitable that they should be content and not grieve and that they should be satisfied with what you have given them - all of them. And Allāh knows what is in your hearts. And ever is Allāh Knowing and Forbearing.
使者啊!你可以任意推迟你的妻子中任何人的份额,而不和她共枕;你可以任意挽留你妻子中任何人和她共枕。推迟份额的妻子,你想召回她,对于你是无罪的。为你的这个选择和放宽,更接近慰藉你们的妻室们,她们都会满意你给予她们的,因为她们知道你没有放弃义务,也没有吝啬对她们的权利。男人啊!真主知道你们内心只偏向一部分妇女。真主彻知众仆的行为,任何事都不能瞒祂,祂是至睿的,祂不急于惩罚他们,以便他们忏悔。
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لَّا يَحِلُّ لَكَ ٱلنِّسَآءُ مِنۢ بَعۡدُ وَلَآ أَن تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنۡ أَزۡوَٰجٖ وَلَوۡ أَعۡجَبَكَ حُسۡنُهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتۡ يَمِينُكَۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ رَّقِيبٗا ٥٢
Not lawful to you, [O Muḥammad], are [any additional] women after [this], nor [is it] for you to exchange them for [other] wives, even if their beauty were to please you, except what your right hand possesses. And ever is Allāh, over all things, an Observer.1
使者啊!以后不允许你再娶妻,也不允许你休她们,或休她们中任何人,以换娶其他妇女为妻,即使你羡慕她们的美貌。除非是你的奴婢,你可以无限量的挑选。真主是荫蔽万物的,这个判决证明信士之母的高贵——不许被休,不许被休,也不许再婚。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَدۡخُلُواْ بُيُوتَ ٱلنَّبِيِّ إِلَّآ أَن يُؤۡذَنَ لَكُمۡ إِلَىٰ طَعَامٍ غَيۡرَ نَٰظِرِينَ إِنَىٰهُ وَلَٰكِنۡ إِذَا دُعِيتُمۡ فَٱدۡخُلُواْ فَإِذَا طَعِمۡتُمۡ فَٱنتَشِرُواْ وَلَا مُسۡتَـٔۡنِسِينَ لِحَدِيثٍۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكُمۡ كَانَ يُؤۡذِي ٱلنَّبِيَّ فَيَسۡتَحۡيِۦ مِنكُمۡۖ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَسۡتَحۡيِۦ مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّۚ وَإِذَا سَأَلۡتُمُوهُنَّ مَتَٰعٗا فَسۡـَٔلُوهُنَّ مِن وَرَآءِ حِجَابٖۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَطۡهَرُ لِقُلُوبِكُمۡ وَقُلُوبِهِنَّۚ وَمَا كَانَ لَكُمۡ أَن تُؤۡذُواْ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ وَلَآ أَن تَنكِحُوٓاْ أَزۡوَٰجَهُۥ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦٓ أَبَدًاۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكُمۡ كَانَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ عَظِيمًا ٥٣
O you who have believed, do not enter the houses of the Prophet except when you are permitted for a meal, without awaiting its readiness. But when you are invited, then enter; and when you have eaten, disperse without seeking to remain for conversation. Indeed, that [behavior] was troubling the Prophet, and he is shy of [dismissing] you. But Allāh is not shy of the truth. And when you ask [his wives] for something, ask them from behind a partition. That is purer for your hearts and their hearts. And it is not [conceivable or lawful] for you to harm the Messenger of Allāh or to marry his wives after him, ever. Indeed, that would be in the sight of Allāh an enormity.
信士们啊!信仰真主并履行真主为他们制定教法的人们啊!你们不要进入先知的家,除非被邀请得到允许;你们不要进去坐等饭熟,请你们吃饭的时候,吃完便告辞,不要逗留彼此闲聊,以免会使先知(愿主福安之)难堪。他羞于辞别你们,真主不以真理命令,故祂命令你们告辞,这样不会伤及先知(愿主福安之)。如果你们向先知(愿主福安之)的妻室索取器皿等物品,应当在帷幕外索取,不得到面前去索取,以便你们看不见她们,这是为了保护她们和先知(愿主福安之)的地位。帷幕外索取对你们的心和她们的心最清白,避免恶魔在你们彼此心中教唆和美化丑事。信士们啊!你们不要逗留闲谈而伤害真主的使者,在他死后你们不得娶他的妻子为妻,她们是信士们的母亲。任何人不得娶自己的母亲为妻,那些伤害,其中包括在先知去世后再娶其妻室是非法的。在真主看来,那是大罪。
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إِن تُبۡدُواْ شَيۡـًٔا أَوۡ تُخۡفُوهُ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٗا ٥٤
Whether you reveal a thing or conceal it, indeed Allāh is ever, of all things, Knowing.
你们表露于外或隐藏于心的任何事,都不能瞒真主。真主是彻知万物的,你们的任何行为都无法瞒祂。祂将以你们的行为报酬你们。善必得善果,恶必有恶报。
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لَّا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِنَّ فِيٓ ءَابَآئِهِنَّ وَلَآ أَبۡنَآئِهِنَّ وَلَآ إِخۡوَٰنِهِنَّ وَلَآ أَبۡنَآءِ إِخۡوَٰنِهِنَّ وَلَآ أَبۡنَآءِ أَخَوَٰتِهِنَّ وَلَا نِسَآئِهِنَّ وَلَا مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُهُنَّۗ وَٱتَّقِينَ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ شَهِيدًا ٥٥
There is no blame upon them [i.e., women] concerning their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their brothers' sons or their sisters' sons or their women or those their right hands possess [i.e., slaves].1 And fear Allāh. Indeed Allāh is ever, over all things, Witness.
不隔帷幕她们可以会见她们的父亲、儿子、兄弟、侄子、外甥,信道的妇女和她们的奴婢。不隔帷幕谈话无妨,这样对她们毫无罪过。信道的妇女啊!你们当敬畏真主,遵循真主的命令,远离真主的禁令,祂监察你们显露的和隐藏的。
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إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتَهُۥ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى ٱلنَّبِيِّۚ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ صَلُّواْ عَلَيۡهِ وَسَلِّمُواْ تَسۡلِيمًا ٥٦
Indeed, Allāh confers blessing upon the Prophet, and His angels [ask Him to do so]. O you who have believed, ask [Allāh to confer] blessing upon him and ask [Allāh to grant him] peace.
真主在天使跟前夸赞使者(愿主福安之),天使为他祝福。信士们啊!你们应当祝福使者,祝他平安!
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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡذُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ لَعَنَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٗا مُّهِينٗا ٥٧
Indeed, those who abuse Allāh and His Messenger - Allāh has cursed them in this world and the Hereafter and prepared for them a humiliating punishment.
诽谤伤害真主及其使者的人,真主弃绝他们,将他们从祂今世和后世的恩典中驱赶出去,在后世,因他们伤害使者而犯下的罪过,为他们预备凌辱的刑罚。
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وَٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡذُونَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ بِغَيۡرِ مَا ٱكۡتَسَبُواْ فَقَدِ ٱحۡتَمَلُواْ بُهۡتَٰنٗا وَإِثۡمٗا مُّبِينٗا ٥٨
And those who harm believing men and believing women for [something] other than what they have earned [i.e., deserved] have certainly borne upon themselves a slander and manifest sin.
以无辜的信士男女未犯的罪行来诽谤伤害他们之人,确已犯下诬蔑和明显的罪恶。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ قُل لِّأَزۡوَٰجِكَ وَبَنَاتِكَ وَنِسَآءِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ يُدۡنِينَ عَلَيۡهِنَّ مِن جَلَٰبِيبِهِنَّۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدۡنَىٰٓ أَن يُعۡرَفۡنَ فَلَا يُؤۡذَيۡنَۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورٗا رَّحِيمٗا ٥٩
O Prophet, tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to bring down over themselves [part] of their outer garments.1 That is more suitable that they will be known2 and not be abused. And ever is Allāh Forgiving and Merciful.3
先知啊!你当对你的妻室、女儿及信士的妇女说:“你们当用外衣蒙住自己的身体,在至亲以外的男人面前不要露出羞体。这样做更容易让人们认识你们是自由人,任何人就不会像伤害奴婢一样伤害你们。”真主赦免和怜悯众仆中的忏悔者。
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۞ لَّئِن لَّمۡ يَنتَهِ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقُونَ وَٱلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٞ وَٱلۡمُرۡجِفُونَ فِي ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ لَنُغۡرِيَنَّكَ بِهِمۡ ثُمَّ لَا يُجَاوِرُونَكَ فِيهَآ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا ٦٠
If the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is disease1 and those who spread rumors in al-Madīnah do not cease, We will surely incite you against them; then they will not remain your neighbors therein except for a little,
不停地蛊惑悖逆,进行反对伊斯兰行为的伪信者,心存放荡之意者追随他们的欲望以谎言离间信士者,如果他们作恶不断,那么,使者啊!我确命令你惩罚他们,我给予你权利对付他们,然后他们不得久居城中与你为邻,他们将因在大地上作恶而被毁灭和驱逐。
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مَّلۡعُونِينَۖ أَيۡنَمَا ثُقِفُوٓاْ أُخِذُواْ وَقُتِّلُواْ تَقۡتِيلٗا ٦١
Accursed wherever they are found, [being] seized and massacred completely.
他们将被远离真主的恩典,无论在任何地方被发现,就当场被捕和杀戮,那是因为他们的伪信和在大地上散布丑恶。
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سُنَّةَ ٱللَّهِ فِي ٱلَّذِينَ خَلَوۡاْ مِن قَبۡلُۖ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ ٱللَّهِ تَبۡدِيلٗا ٦٢
[This is] the established way of Allāh with those who passed on before; and you will not find in the way of Allāh any change.
那是真主对伪信者的常道,真主的常道是恒定的,你绝不能发现任何变更。
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يَسۡـَٔلُكَ ٱلنَّاسُ عَنِ ٱلسَّاعَةِۖ قُلۡ إِنَّمَا عِلۡمُهَا عِندَ ٱللَّهِۚ وَمَا يُدۡرِيكَ لَعَلَّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ تَكُونُ قَرِيبًا ٦٣
People ask you concerning the Hour. Say, "Knowledge of it is only with Allāh. And what may make you perceive? Perhaps the Hour is near."
使者啊!以物配主者询问的犹太人也在问你:复活何时到来?你对他们说:“我并不知道复活日的任何信息。”什么使你感到复活日临近了呢?
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إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَعَنَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمۡ سَعِيرًا ٦٤
Indeed, Allāh has cursed the disbelievers and prepared for them a Blaze.
清高的真主驱赶不信道者远离祂的恩典,并为他们在复活日预备了炽烈的火焰。
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خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدٗاۖ لَّا يَجِدُونَ وَلِيّٗا وَلَا نَصِيرٗا ٦٥
Abiding therein forever, they will not find a protector or a helper.
他们将永居其中,得不到任何有益于他们的支持者,没有任何援助者可以为他们抵御火狱的刑罚。
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يَوۡمَ تُقَلَّبُ وُجُوهُهُمۡ فِي ٱلنَّارِ يَقُولُونَ يَٰلَيۡتَنَآ أَطَعۡنَا ٱللَّهَ وَأَطَعۡنَا ٱلرَّسُولَا۠ ٦٦
The Day their faces will be turned about in the Fire, they will say, "How we wish we had obeyed Allāh and obeyed the Messenger."
复活日,他们的面皮在火狱的烈焰中翻转,他们极度悔恨和悲哀地说:“但愿我们曾在今世顺从真主,遵其命令,弃其禁令,听取使者的教诲。”
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وَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّآ أَطَعۡنَا سَادَتَنَا وَكُبَرَآءَنَا فَأَضَلُّونَا ٱلسَّبِيلَا۠ ٦٧
And they will say, "Our Lord, indeed we obeyed our masters and our dignitaries,1 and they led us astray from the [right] way.
他们以荒谬的借口说:“我们的主啊!我们只是服从了我们的领袖和族中的主事,他们使我们迷失了正道。
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رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِهِمۡ ضِعۡفَيۡنِ مِنَ ٱلۡعَذَابِ وَٱلۡعَنۡهُمۡ لَعۡنٗا كَبِيرٗا ٦٨
Our Lord, give them double the punishment and curse them with a great curse."
主啊!求你让使我们迷误正道的领袖和主事们尝试双倍的刑罚,把他们从你的恩典中狠狠地驱赶出去。”
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ ءَاذَوۡاْ مُوسَىٰ فَبَرَّأَهُ ٱللَّهُ مِمَّا قَالُواْۚ وَكَانَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَجِيهٗا ٦٩
O you who have believed, be not like those who abused Moses; then Allāh cleared him of what they said. And he, in the sight of Allāh, was distinguished.
信士们啊!不要伤害你们的使者,不要像那些曾伤害穆萨的人一样,他们冤枉穆萨身体有疾,真主已为他证明清白,并显现他的健康。穆萨在真主那里是有面份的,他的请求不会被驳回,他的努力不会付诸东流。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَقُولُواْ قَوۡلٗا سَدِيدٗا ٧٠
O you who have believed, fear Allāh and speak words of appropriate justice.
信士们啊!你们当以遵循真主命令,放弃真主禁令来敬畏真主,当说庄重和诚实的话。
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يُصۡلِحۡ لَكُمۡ أَعۡمَٰلَكُمۡ وَيَغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡ ذُنُوبَكُمۡۗ وَمَن يُطِعِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ فَقَدۡ فَازَ فَوۡزًا عَظِيمًا ٧١
He will [then] amend for you your deeds and forgive you your sins. And whoever obeys Allāh and His Messenger has certainly attained a great attainment.
真主会因此改变你们的行为,接受你们的功课,饶恕你们的罪过,并放弃谴责你们。谁服从真主及其使者,他确已获得了无可比拟的巨大成功——得到真主的喜悦并进入乐园。
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إِنَّا عَرَضۡنَا ٱلۡأَمَانَةَ عَلَى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱلۡجِبَالِ فَأَبَيۡنَ أَن يَحۡمِلۡنَهَا وَأَشۡفَقۡنَ مِنۡهَا وَحَمَلَهَا ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُۖ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ ظَلُومٗا جَهُولٗا ٧٢
Indeed, We offered the Trust1 to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, and they declined to bear it and feared it; but man [undertook to] bear it. Indeed, he was unjust and ignorant.2
我确已将律法中的各项责成,以及包含的财富和奥秘信托于诸天、大地和山岳,它们不敢担此任,它们畏惧结果,而人类接收了此任。人类确是自欺的,对于所要担负的后果是无知的。
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لِّيُعَذِّبَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ وَٱلۡمُنَٰفِقَٰتِ وَٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ وَٱلۡمُشۡرِكَٰتِ وَيَتُوبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورٗا رَّحِيمَۢا ٧٣
[It1 was] so that Allāh may punish the hypocrite men and hypocrite women and the men and women who associate others with Him and that Allāh may accept repentance from the believing men and believing women. And ever is Allāh Forgiving and Merciful.
人类依真主的安排承担了此责。真主将惩罚伪信的男女、以物配主的男女,皆因他们伪信和以物配主;真主将饶恕信士的男女,因为他们完美了肩负的责任。真主赦免和怜悯众仆中的忏悔者。
Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences