Al-Mukhtasar · Tafsir · in Chinese
الأنفال
Al-Anfal
The Spoils of War · Medinan · 75 ayahs
8:1Page 177
يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلۡأَنفَالِۖ قُلِ ٱلۡأَنفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَٱلرَّسُولِۖ فَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَأَصۡلِحُواْ ذَاتَ بَيۡنِكُمۡۖ وَأَطِيعُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ ١
They ask you, [O Muḥammad], about the bounties [of war]. Say, "The [decision concerning] bounties is for Allāh and the Messenger." So fear Allāh and amend that which is between you and obey Allāh and His Messenger, if you should be believers.
使者啊!你的圣门弟子们向你询问有关战利品如何分配的问题?谁理应获得?使者啊!你告诉他们说:“战利品应归于真主和祂的使者。战利品的行使权和分配权应属于真主和祂的使者,你们只有顺命和听从。信士啊!如果你们是真正的信士,那么你们应以遵循真主命令,远离真主禁令而敬畏真主;应以相互关爱、相互交流和美好的德行宽恕改善你们之间老死不相往来的状况;应服从真主和祂的使者。因为信仰可以使人顺从并远离一切违法乱纪的事项。”该问题在白德尔战役之后被提出。
8:2Page 177
إِنَّمَا ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ ٱللَّهُ وَجِلَتۡ قُلُوبُهُمۡ وَإِذَا تُلِيَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءَايَٰتُهُۥ زَادَتۡهُمۡ إِيمَٰنٗا وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمۡ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ ٢
The believers are only those who, when Allāh is mentioned, their hearts become fearful, and when His verses are recited to them, it increases them in faith; and upon their Lord they rely -
真正的信士,是当记念清高伟大的真主时,内心惶恐,因此促使心理和身体趋向顺从。如果向他们宣读真主的迹象时,他们就能领悟其中的寓意,且能增加信仰。他们只信托他们的主为其带来福利并抵挡灾祸。
8:3Page 177
ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰهُمۡ يُنفِقُونَ ٣
The ones who establish prayer, and from what We have provided them, they spend.
他们按时并完美地立行拜功,并将我给予他们的给养按照必须的或嘉仪的分配方式分舍出去。
8:4Page 177
أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ حَقّٗاۚ لَّهُمۡ دَرَجَٰتٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَمَغۡفِرَةٞ وَرِزۡقٞ كَرِيمٞ ٤
Those are the believers, truly. For them are degrees [of high position] with their Lord and forgiveness and noble provision.
具有上述特性之人,确是真正的信士。他们集内在的信仰和外在的伊斯兰为一身,他们将在其养主那里饶恕罪责,获得很高的地位,以及丰厚的给养等报酬。这是真主为他们准备的恩赐。
8:5Page 177
كَمَآ أَخۡرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنۢ بَيۡتِكَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ لَكَٰرِهُونَ ٥
[It1 is] just as when your Lord brought you out of your home [for the battle of Badr] in truth, while indeed, a party among the believers were unwilling,
当你们对于战利品的分割发生分歧和矛盾时,伟大清高的真主褫夺了你们分配战利品的权利,并将分配权归属于祂和祂的使者。使者啊!你的主为你降示启示,命令你从麦地那出来,即使一部分信士不愿意,你也要出击迎敌。
8:6Page 177
يُجَٰدِلُونَكَ فِي ٱلۡحَقِّ بَعۡدَ مَا تَبَيَّنَ كَأَنَّمَا يُسَاقُونَ إِلَى ٱلۡمَوۡتِ وَهُمۡ يَنظُرُونَ ٦
Arguing with you concerning the truth after it had become clear, as if they were being driven toward death while they were looking on.
使者啊!当真理昭著之后,这一伙信士与你争论讨伐以物配主者的问题,就好像他们看着自己眼睁睁地被押去受死一般,那是因为他们及其憎恶出城迎战,他们并未对此做好完全的准备。
8:7Page 177
وَإِذۡ يَعِدُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ إِحۡدَى ٱلطَّآئِفَتَيۡنِ أَنَّهَا لَكُمۡ وَتَوَدُّونَ أَنَّ غَيۡرَ ذَاتِ ٱلشَّوۡكَةِ تَكُونُ لَكُمۡ وَيُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُحِقَّ ٱلۡحَقَّ بِكَلِمَٰتِهِۦ وَيَقۡطَعَ دَابِرَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٧
[Remember, O believers], when Allāh promised you one of the two groups1 - that it would be yours - and you wished that the unarmed one would be yours. But Allāh intended to establish the truth by His words and to eliminate the disbelievers
争论的信士们啊!你们应谨记:当时真主允诺你们将战胜两伙以物配主者中的一伙,即:要么是商队,它携带着钱财,你们截获它可获得战利品,要么是军队,你们迎战,就可取得胜利。你们因商队无战斗力、易于截获而选择商队,而真主希望呈现真理而命令你们去应战,以便你们根除以物配主者中的头领,让他们吃尽苦头,方能彰显伊斯兰的力量。
8:8Page 177
لِيُحِقَّ ٱلۡحَقَّ وَيُبۡطِلَ ٱلۡبَٰطِلَ وَلَوۡ كَرِهَ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُونَ ٨
That He should establish the truth and abolish falsehood, even if the criminals disliked it.
真主以展现伊斯兰和穆斯林来彰显真理,祂以显现的实证证明真主的正确,并破除虚妄来凸显以物配主者的荒谬。即使以物配主者不愿如此,真主确是呈现者。
8:9Page 178
إِذۡ تَسۡتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَجَابَ لَكُمۡ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُم بِأَلۡفٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ مُرۡدِفِينَ ٩
[Remember] when you were asking help of your Lord, and He answered you, "Indeed, I will reinforce you with a thousand from the angels, following one another."
你们应谨记白德尔战役之日,当你们祈求真主援助你们战胜敌人时,信士啊!真主应答了你们的祈祷,陆续降下一千名天使来支援你们。
8:10Page 178
وَمَا جَعَلَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا بُشۡرَىٰ وَلِتَطۡمَئِنَّ بِهِۦ قُلُوبُكُمۡۚ وَمَا ٱلنَّصۡرُ إِلَّا مِنۡ عِندِ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ١٠
And Allāh made it not but good tidings and so that your hearts would be assured thereby. And victory is not but from Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.
信士啊!真主以天使的援助作为对你们的报喜,即真主援助你们克敌,以便你们坚信一定会取得胜利。人多势众不一定获胜,胜利只来自于真主。真主确是万能的,是战无不胜的,祂的裁决和安排确是至睿的。
8:11Page 178
إِذۡ يُغَشِّيكُمُ ٱلنُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةٗ مِّنۡهُ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءٗ لِّيُطَهِّرَكُم بِهِۦ وَيُذۡهِبَ عَنكُمۡ رِجۡزَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ وَلِيَرۡبِطَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِكُمۡ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ ٱلۡأَقۡدَامَ ١١
[Remember] when He overwhelmed you with drowsiness [giving] security from Him and sent down upon you from the sky, rain by which to purify you and remove from you the evil [suggestions] of Satan and to make steadfast your hearts and plant firmly thereby your feet.
信士啊!你们应谨记:当你们面对敌人感到恐惧时,真主使你们瞌睡,以便你们获得从祂那里发出的安宁,祂从云中降下雨水,净化并去除恶魔对你们的蛊惑,使你们坚毅地面对敌人,步伐刚毅稳健,不临阵脱逃。
8:12Page 178
إِذۡ يُوحِي رَبُّكَ إِلَى ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ أَنِّي مَعَكُمۡ فَثَبِّتُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْۚ سَأُلۡقِي فِي قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ٱلرُّعۡبَ فَٱضۡرِبُواْ فَوۡقَ ٱلۡأَعۡنَاقِ وَٱضۡرِبُواْ مِنۡهُمۡ كُلَّ بَنَانٖ ١٢
[Remember] when your Lord inspired to the angels, "I am with you, so strengthen those who have believed. I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieved, so strike [them] upon the necks and strike from them every fingertip."1
先知啊!当时你的主对在白德尔战役中援助信士们的天使们说:“天使们啊!我以胜利和援助与你们同在。故你们当坚定信士们杀敌的决心。我将把恐惧投入到不信道者的心中。信士们啊!故你们砍掉不信道者的头颅,砍断他们的关节和四肢,以便他们无法作战。”
8:13Page 178
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ شَآقُّواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥۚ وَمَن يُشَاقِقِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ١٣
That is because they opposed Allāh and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allāh and His Messenger - indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.
不信道者确实在战场中被斩首和砍断四肢,那是因为他们悖逆真主和祂的使者,违抗命令,并未放弃禁止之事。谁悖逆了真主和祂的使者,真主将在今世以绞杀和俘虏的方式而严厉地惩罚他,在后世,他将进入火狱。
8:14Page 178
ذَٰلِكُمۡ فَذُوقُوهُ وَأَنَّ لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابَ ٱلنَّارِ ١٤
"That [is yours], so taste it." And indeed for the disbelievers is the punishment of the Fire.
悖逆真主和其使者的人们啊!那是对你们的惩罚。故你们先在今世中尝试这种刑罚,如果你们在不信道和悖逆中死去,那么在后世你们将会受到火狱的惩罚。
8:15Page 178
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ زَحۡفٗا فَلَا تُوَلُّوهُمُ ٱلۡأَدۡبَارَ ١٥
O you who have believed, when you meet those who disbelieve advancing [in battle], do not turn to them your backs [in flight].
信仰真主,追随使者的信士们啊!当你们在战场中遇见以物配主者向你们进攻时,你们不要溃不成军,不要以背向敌落荒逃走,你们应坚定地面对他们,坚守阵地,真主会以祂的胜利和援助与你们同在。
8:16Page 178
وَمَن يُوَلِّهِمۡ يَوۡمَئِذٖ دُبُرَهُۥٓ إِلَّا مُتَحَرِّفٗا لِّقِتَالٍ أَوۡ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَىٰ فِئَةٖ فَقَدۡ بَآءَ بِغَضَبٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَمَأۡوَىٰهُ جَهَنَّمُۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ١٦
And whoever turns his back to them on such a day, unless swerving [as a strategy] for war or joining [another] company, has certainly returned with anger [upon him] from Allāh, and his refuge is Hell - and wretched is the destination.
谁临阵脱逃,缴械投降,并不以加入穆斯林的团体来求得援助,那他已受到真主的恼怒,他在后世的归宿就是火狱,那归宿真恶劣,倒戈者真恶劣。
8:17Page 179
فَلَمۡ تَقۡتُلُوهُمۡ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَتَلَهُمۡۚ وَمَا رَمَيۡتَ إِذۡ رَمَيۡتَ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ رَمَىٰ وَلِيُبۡلِيَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ مِنۡهُ بَلَآءً حَسَنًاۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ١٧
And you did not kill them, but it was Allāh who killed them.1 And you threw not, [O Muḥammad], when you threw, but it was Allāh who threw2 that He might test the believers with a good test.3 Indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
信士们啊!白德尔战役之日,你们没有借助自己的能力和力量来杀戮以物配主者,而是真主佑助你们杀戮了他们。使者啊!当你向以物配主者掷石时,你没有击中他们,而是真主在你掷石之时向他们投掷了,如此是为了让信士们在敌人面前显示出:虽然人少,但真主给予了他们恩惠,以此来考验他们,以便他们感谢。的确,真主是全听你们的祈祷和言辞的,全知你们的行为,并全知对你们有利之事。
8:18Page 179
ذَٰلِكُمۡ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُوهِنُ كَيۡدِ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ١٨
That [is so], and [also] that Allāh will weaken the plot of the disbelievers.
所提到的杀戮以物配主者、投掷、敌人的败北和落荒而逃以及恩赐信士能直接面对敌人的勇气,这都是真主的赏赐,真主挫败不信道者对伊斯兰教所施的计谋。
8:19Page 179
إِن تَسۡتَفۡتِحُواْ فَقَدۡ جَآءَكُمُ ٱلۡفَتۡحُۖ وَإِن تَنتَهُواْ فَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۖ وَإِن تَعُودُواْ نَعُدۡ وَلَن تُغۡنِيَ عَنكُمۡ فِئَتُكُمۡ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَوۡ كَثُرَتۡ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ١٩
If you [disbelievers] seek the decision [i.e., victory] - the decision [i.e., defeat] has come to you. And if you desist [from hostilities], it is best for you; but if you return [to war], We will return, and never will you be availed by your [large] company at all, even if it should increase; and [that is] because Allāh is with the believers.
以物配主者啊!如果你们期盼真主对不义的悖逆者施以惩处和责罚,那么,真主已对你们施予了你们所期盼之事。故祂所降示的,就是对你们的惩处和对敬畏者的教训。如果你们放弃期盼之事,那对你们是更好的。也许祂会放任你们,并不急于惩处你们。如果你们卷土重来,坚持与信士们为敌,我必对你们加以惩罚,必使信士们大获全胜,你们的部队和友军无益于你们,即使你们人多势众,信士们势单力薄,真主定会借助胜利和援助与信士们同在,谁与真主为伍,那他必将战无不胜。
8:20Page 179
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَطِيعُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَلَا تَوَلَّوۡاْ عَنۡهُ وَأَنتُمۡ تَسۡمَعُونَ ٢٠
O you who have believed, obey Allāh and His Messenger and do not turn from him while you hear [his order].
信仰真主,追随其使者的信士们啊!你们诵念真主的经典,以遵循真主命令,远离真主禁令而顺从真主、顺从祂的使者吧!你们不要以违反真主命令,做祂所禁止之事而悖逆祂。
8:21Page 179
وَلَا تَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ قَالُواْ سَمِعۡنَا وَهُمۡ لَا يَسۡمَعُونَ ٢١
And do not be like those who say, "We have heard," while they do not hear.
信士们啊!你们不要像伪信士和以物配主者那样,如果为他们诵念真主的迹象,他们说:“我们已亲耳听到了所诵念的《古兰经》。”他们并未听从和受益于所听到的内容,他们听而不从。
8:22Page 179
۞ إِنَّ شَرَّ ٱلدَّوَآبِّ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلصُّمُّ ٱلۡبُكۡمُ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَعۡقِلُونَ ٢٢
Indeed, the worst of living creatures in the sight of Allāh are the deaf and dumb who do not use reason [i.e., the disbelievers].
在真主看来,行走在大地上的最恶劣的生物,就是那些装聋作哑之人,他们不理解真主的命令和禁令。
8:23Page 179
وَلَوۡ عَلِمَ ٱللَّهُ فِيهِمۡ خَيۡرٗا لَّأَسۡمَعَهُمۡۖ وَلَوۡ أَسۡمَعَهُمۡ لَتَوَلَّواْ وَّهُم مُّعۡرِضُونَ ٢٣
Had Allāh known any good in them, He would have made them hear. And if He had made them hear, they would [still] have turned away, while they were refusing.
假若真主知道这些撒谎的以物配主者还有一丁点儿的善意,都会让他们听从并受益,会让他们理解真主的明证。然而真主确知他们没有一丁点儿的善意,纵使真主让他们听到了,也会背弃信仰。
8:24Page 179
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱسۡتَجِيبُواْ لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمۡ لِمَا يُحۡيِيكُمۡۖ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَحُولُ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡمَرۡءِ وَقَلۡبِهِۦ وَأَنَّهُۥٓ إِلَيۡهِ تُحۡشَرُونَ ٢٤
O you who have believed, respond to Allāh and to the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life. And know that Allāh intervenes between a man and his heart and that to Him you will be gathered.
信仰真主,追随其使者的信士们啊!如果使者号召你们得享真理的生活时,你们应以遵循真主命令,放弃真主禁令而响应真主和其使者,并坚信真主确是万能的。如果你们在拒绝之后,仍想继续跟随祂,也应坚信祂能使你们遵循真理,并确信你们在复活日只被召集在祂那里,祂将以你们在今世的所作所为而报偿你们。
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وَٱتَّقُواْ فِتۡنَةٗ لَّا تُصِيبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ مِنكُمۡ خَآصَّةٗۖ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٢٥
And fear a trial1 which will not strike those who have wronged among you exclusively, and know that Allāh is severe in penalty.
信士们啊!你们应警惕一种惩罚:当不义显现,不容更改之时,不仅对你们中的作恶者将处以此惩罚,而将对所有人都做以惩罚。你们应确信,真主对作恶者确是处以严厉惩罚的,故你们应警惕。
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وَٱذۡكُرُوٓاْ إِذۡ أَنتُمۡ قَلِيلٞ مُّسۡتَضۡعَفُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ تَخَافُونَ أَن يَتَخَطَّفَكُمُ ٱلنَّاسُ فَـَٔاوَىٰكُمۡ وَأَيَّدَكُم بِنَصۡرِهِۦ وَرَزَقَكُم مِّنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ ٢٦
And remember when you were few and oppressed in the land, fearing that people might abduct you, but He sheltered you, supported you with His victory, and provided you with good things - that you might be grateful.
信士们啊!你们应谨记:当时你们在麦加,人数很少,当地人认为你们弱小可欺,你们害怕敌人很快的会制服你们。故真主使你们有了安身立命的处所,那就是麦地那,祂通过在白德尔战役中援助你们战胜敌人而使你们强大起来,并给予你们佳美的给养。其中就包括你们从敌人手中获得的战利品。如果你们感谢真主的恩赐,那祂会增加你们的给养,如果否认,那祂将从你们手中夺走恩赐,并惩罚你们。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَخُونُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلرَّسُولَ وَتَخُونُوٓاْ أَمَٰنَٰتِكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٧
O you who have believed, do not betray Allāh and the Messenger or betray your trusts while you know [the consequence].
信仰真主,追随其使者的信士们啊!你们不要以放弃遵循真主命令、远离真主禁令而背叛真主和祂的使者;你们不要明知故犯地背叛所信仰的宗教和其它事务,那么,你们将成为背叛者。
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وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَآ أَمۡوَٰلُكُمۡ وَأَوۡلَٰدُكُمۡ فِتۡنَةٞ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ عِندَهُۥٓ أَجۡرٌ عَظِيمٞ ٢٨
And know that your properties and your children are but a trial and that Allāh has with Him a great reward.
信士们啊!你们应知道:你们的钱财和子嗣是真主对你们的考验,它也许会阻碍你们为后世而行善,会促使你们背叛真主。你们应知道,真主那里有重大的报酬,你们不要为了钱财和子嗣背叛真主,而错失报酬。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِن تَتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ يَجۡعَل لَّكُمۡ فُرۡقَانٗا وَيُكَفِّرۡ عَنكُمۡ سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمۡ وَيَغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو ٱلۡفَضۡلِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ ٢٩
O you who have believed, if you fear Allāh, He will grant you a criterion1 and will remove from you your misdeeds and forgive you. And Allāh is the possessor of great bounty.
信仰真主,追随其使者的信士们啊!你们应知道:如果你们遵循真主命令,远离真主禁令而敬畏真主,那么,祂会使你们辨别出真理与虚妄,不至于混淆不清;祂能抹去你们曾犯下的罪恶,饶恕你们的过错,真主是具有宏恩的主。祂的宏恩就是为敬畏者准备好的乐园。
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وَإِذۡ يَمۡكُرُ بِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لِيُثۡبِتُوكَ أَوۡ يَقۡتُلُوكَ أَوۡ يُخۡرِجُوكَۚ وَيَمۡكُرُونَ وَيَمۡكُرُ ٱللَّهُۖ وَٱللَّهُ خَيۡرُ ٱلۡمَٰكِرِينَ ٣٠
And [remember, O Muḥammad], when those who disbelieved plotted against you to restrain you or kill you or evict you [from Makkah]. But they plan, and Allāh plans. And Allāh is the best of planners.
使者啊!你应谨记:当时,以物配主者对你施以计谋,以便囚禁或杀死你或将你从故乡驱逐出去,他们对你施以计谋,真主欲以其人之身,还治其人之道而惩戒他们。真主是最善于使用计谋的。
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وَإِذَا تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءَايَٰتُنَا قَالُواْ قَدۡ سَمِعۡنَا لَوۡ نَشَآءُ لَقُلۡنَا مِثۡلَ هَٰذَآ إِنۡ هَٰذَآ إِلَّآ أَسَٰطِيرُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ ٣١
And when Our verses are recited to them, they say, "We have heard. If we willed, we could say [something] like this. This is not but legends of the former peoples."
如果你对他们诵念我的迹象,他们就会悖逆真理,并加以拒绝地说:“我们之前确已听过类似的。如果我们愿意,定会说出类似于《古兰经》的文句来,我们所听到的这部《古兰经》,只是前人的谎言,我们绝不会信仰它。”
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وَإِذۡ قَالُواْ ٱللَّهُمَّ إِن كَانَ هَٰذَا هُوَ ٱلۡحَقَّ مِنۡ عِندِكَ فَأَمۡطِرۡ عَلَيۡنَا حِجَارَةٗ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ أَوِ ٱئۡتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٖ ٣٢
And [remember] when they said, "O Allāh, if this should be the truth from You, then rain down upon us stones from the sky or bring us a painful punishment."
使者啊!你应谨记:当时,以物配主者说:“主啊!如果穆罕默德带来的确是真理,那求你为我们从天上降下雨点般的石头来毁灭我们,或是以严厉的刑罚来惩罚我们吧!”他们如此之说,是极度的悖逆和背叛。
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وَمَا كَانَ ٱللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمۡ وَأَنتَ فِيهِمۡۚ وَمَا كَانَ ٱللَّهُ مُعَذِّبَهُمۡ وَهُمۡ يَسۡتَغۡفِرُونَ ٣٣
But Allāh would not punish them while you, [O Muḥammad], are among them, and Allāh would not punish them while they seek forgiveness.
穆罕默德啊!只要你在他们中间,真主就不会惩罚你的民众,无论他们响应号召与否。故你在他们中间,他们就不会受到惩罚。他们向真主求恕饶之时,真主也不会惩罚他们。
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وَمَا لَهُمۡ أَلَّا يُعَذِّبَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَهُمۡ يَصُدُّونَ عَنِ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ وَمَا كَانُوٓاْ أَوۡلِيَآءَهُۥٓۚ إِنۡ أَوۡلِيَآؤُهُۥٓ إِلَّا ٱلۡمُتَّقُونَ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَهُمۡ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٣٤
But why should Allāh not punish them while they obstruct [people] from al-Masjid al-Ḥarām and they were not [fit to be] its guardians? Its [true] guardians are not but the righteous, but most of them do not know.
他们已犯下应受惩罚的罪恶,他们曾阻止人们进入禁寺去巡游天房或礼拜,还有什么能阻止他们受到惩罚呢?以物配主者不是真主的盟友,只有遵循真主命令,远离真主禁令的敬畏者才是真主的盟友。但是大多数的以物配主者妄称自己是真主的盟友,他们对此并不知晓,他们确实不是祂的盟友。
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وَمَا كَانَ صَلَاتُهُمۡ عِندَ ٱلۡبَيۡتِ إِلَّا مُكَآءٗ وَتَصۡدِيَةٗۚ فَذُوقُواْ ٱلۡعَذَابَ بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَكۡفُرُونَ ٣٥
And their prayer at the House [i.e., the Kaʿbah] was not except whistling and handclapping. So taste the punishment for what you disbelieved [i.e., practiced of deviations].
以物配主者在禁寺中的礼拜只是打呼哨和拍掌。以物配主者啊!你们曾悖逆真主,否认祂的使者,你们就在白德尔战役之日尝试被杀戮和俘虏的滋味吧!
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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ لِيَصُدُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۚ فَسَيُنفِقُونَهَا ثُمَّ تَكُونُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ حَسۡرَةٗ ثُمَّ يُغۡلَبُونَۗ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ يُحۡشَرُونَ ٣٦
Indeed, those who disbelieve spend their wealth to avert [people] from the way of Allāh. So they will spend it; then it will be for them a [source of] regret; then they will be overcome. And those who have disbelieved - unto Hell they will be gathered.
不信道者,他们将自己的财产用于阻止他人遵循真主的道路,他们的花费,并不能使他们得到预期的目的。花费之后,他们不仅因损失财产,而且因未能达到预期目的而追悔莫及。之后,穆斯林将战胜他们,不信仰真主之人将在复活日被驱往火狱,并永居其中。
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لِيَمِيزَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡخَبِيثَ مِنَ ٱلطَّيِّبِ وَيَجۡعَلَ ٱلۡخَبِيثَ بَعۡضَهُۥ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ فَيَرۡكُمَهُۥ جَمِيعٗا فَيَجۡعَلَهُۥ فِي جَهَنَّمَۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡخَٰسِرُونَ ٣٧
[It is] so that Allāh may distinguish the wicked from the good and place the wicked some of them upon others and heap them all together and put them into Hell. It is those who are the losers.
将财产用于阻碍真主道路的这些不信道者将被赶入火狱,以便真主甄别出恶劣的不信道者和善良的信士们。然后使恶劣的人、行为和财产层层堆积起来后,全部投入火狱之中。这等人确是亏折之人,因为他们在复活日亏折了自身和家人。
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قُل لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ إِن يَنتَهُواْ يُغۡفَرۡ لَهُم مَّا قَدۡ سَلَفَ وَإِن يَعُودُواْ فَقَدۡ مَضَتۡ سُنَّتُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ ٣٨
Say to those who have disbelieved [that] if they cease, what has previously occurred will be forgiven for them. But if they return [to hostility] - then the precedent of the former [rebellious] peoples has already taken place.1
使者啊!你对你的宗族中不信仰真主和其使者的人说:如果他们放弃背叛真主和其使者,放弃阻碍真主的道路,那么,真主会对他们的过错既往不咎。因为加入伊斯兰可以抹去之前的过错。如果他们重蹈覆辙,那么,真主在先前民族中也有先例,如果执迷不悟,真主也会对他们施以惩罚。
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وَقَٰتِلُوهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ لَا تَكُونَ فِتۡنَةٞ وَيَكُونَ ٱلدِّينُ كُلُّهُۥ لِلَّهِۚ فَإِنِ ٱنتَهَوۡاْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا يَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ ٣٩
And fight against them until there is no fitnah1 and [until] the religion [i.e., worship], all of it, is for Allāh.2 And if they cease - then indeed, Allāh is Seeing of what they do.
信士们啊!你们要与不信道的敌人作斗争,直到为穆斯林们铲除阻碍真主道路上的一切以物配主行为和迫害,使宗教和顺从全为真主。如果不信道者住手,停止了一切以物配主行为和迫害,那你们就召唤他们。真主确是洞察他们的一切行为,任何事无法对祂隐瞒。
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وَإِن تَوَلَّوۡاْ فَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَوۡلَىٰكُمۡۚ نِعۡمَ ٱلۡمَوۡلَىٰ وَنِعۡمَ ٱلنَّصِيرُ ٤٠
But if they turn away - then know that Allāh is your protector. Excellent is the protector, and excellent is the helper.
如果他们背叛,不停止阻碍主道的行为,信士们啊!你们应知道,真主确能使你们战胜他们。护佑者真优美!援助者真优美!谁得以真主护佑确已成功,谁能得以真主的援助,确已胜利。
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۞ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَا غَنِمۡتُم مِّن شَيۡءٖ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمۡ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا يَوۡمَ ٱلۡفُرۡقَانِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡتَقَى ٱلۡجَمۡعَانِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ ٤١
And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allāh is one fifth of it and for the Messenger1 and for [his] near relatives2 and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler,3 if you have believed in Allāh and in that which We sent down to Our Servant4 on the day of criterion [i.e., decisive encounter] - the day when the two armies met [at Badr]. And Allāh, over all things, is competent.
信士们啊!你们当知道,你们为主道奋斗,从不信道者手中得到的战利品,都应当分成五份,其中的五分之四分给为主道奋斗的出征者,剩余的五分之一应分为:一部分属于真主和其使者,这部分做为穆斯林的公共财产;一部分分给先知(愿主福安之)的亲属,如哈希姆家族、蒙塔里卜家族;一部分分给孤儿、贫穷者和可怜人;而另一部分分给道路受阻的旅客。如果你们信仰真主,坚信我在“白德尔”战役中为我的仆人穆罕默德(愿主福安之)降下的用以辨别真伪的迹象。当时,真主使你们战胜敌人,使你们获胜的真主对于万物确是全能的。
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إِذۡ أَنتُم بِٱلۡعُدۡوَةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَهُم بِٱلۡعُدۡوَةِ ٱلۡقُصۡوَىٰ وَٱلرَّكۡبُ أَسۡفَلَ مِنكُمۡۚ وَلَوۡ تَوَاعَدتُّمۡ لَٱخۡتَلَفۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡمِيعَٰدِ وَلَٰكِن لِّيَقۡضِيَ ٱللَّهُ أَمۡرٗا كَانَ مَفۡعُولٗا لِّيَهۡلِكَ مَنۡ هَلَكَ عَنۢ بَيِّنَةٖ وَيَحۡيَىٰ مَنۡ حَيَّ عَنۢ بَيِّنَةٖۗ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَسَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ٤٢
[Remember] when you were on the near side of the valley, and they were on the farther side, and the caravan was lower [in position] than you. If you had made an appointment [to meet], you would have missed the appointment. But [it was] so that Allāh might accomplish a matter already destined - that those who perished [through disbelief] would perish upon evidence and those who lived [in faith] would live upon evidence; and indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
你们应谨记:当时你们驻扎在靠麦地那一侧的山谷的近岸,而以物配主者驻扎在靠麦加一侧的山谷的远岸,而商队就在临近红海海岸线、较你们稍低的地方。如果你们与以物配主者约定在白德尔处相逢,那你们必定爽约。但是真主在无约之际将你们集结在白德尔之处,以便完成一件势在必行之事,那就是信士的胜利和不信道者的失败、真主宗教的荣耀和以物配主行为的卑劣。以便他们中将死之人看到明证,即信士们以少胜多、大获全胜后死去,而存活的人也能因看到真主为其昭示的明证而活着。真主确是全聪众人的言辞,全知他们行为的主宰。真主是洞察一切的主宰,祂将以此报偿他们。
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إِذۡ يُرِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلٗاۖ وَلَوۡ أَرَىٰكَهُمۡ كَثِيرٗا لَّفَشِلۡتُمۡ وَلَتَنَٰزَعۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَمۡرِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَلَّمَۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمُۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ٤٣
[Remember, O Muḥammad], when Allāh showed them to you in your dream as few; and if He had shown them to you as many, you [believers] would have lost courage and would have disputed in the matter [of whether to fight], but Allāh saved [you from that]. Indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts.
使者啊!你应谨记真主给予你和信士们的恩典。当时,真主使你在梦中看到以物配主者的人数很少,让信士们看到的也亦如此,故你们相互报喜,使他们加强了对阵敌人的信心和勇气。如果真主使你在梦中看到以物配主者的人数很多,那就会削弱你的同伴们的信心,他们必定胆怯。但真主使你们得免于此,故祂保护你们免遭失败,并使他们在使者(愿主福安之)的眼中少之又少。真主是全知心事的主,是洞察万物的主,任何隐情都无法对祂隐瞒。
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وَإِذۡ يُرِيكُمُوهُمۡ إِذِ ٱلۡتَقَيۡتُمۡ فِيٓ أَعۡيُنِكُمۡ قَلِيلٗا وَيُقَلِّلُكُمۡ فِيٓ أَعۡيُنِهِمۡ لِيَقۡضِيَ ٱللَّهُ أَمۡرٗا كَانَ مَفۡعُولٗاۗ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ ٤٤
And [remember] when He showed them to you, when you met, as few in your eyes, and He made you [appear] as few in their eyes so that Allāh might accomplish a matter already destined. And to Allāh are [all] matters returned.
信士们啊!你们应谨记:当两军对垒时,真主使你们看到以物配主者的人数很少,故使你们勇往直前,奋力杀敌。也使你们在他们的眼中人数很少,故他们敢上前来与你们厮杀,而不考虑后退。真主借此来实现一件必行之事,就是以杀戮和俘虏来惩罚不信道者,以克敌制胜和回归到真主厥前领赏来报偿信士们,好人终有好报,恶人终有恶报。
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمۡ فِئَةٗ فَٱثۡبُتُواْ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرٗا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ ٤٥
O you who have believed, when you encounter a company [from the enemy forces], stand firm and remember Allāh much that you may be successful.
信仰真主和其使者的信士们啊!如果你们对阵一伙不信道者,你们应坚定不移,不言放弃。你们应多记念真主,多向祂祈求,祂是有能力使你们战胜敌人的。希望你们心想事成,并远离所禁之事。
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وَأَطِيعُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَلَا تَنَٰزَعُواْ فَتَفۡشَلُواْ وَتَذۡهَبَ رِيحُكُمۡۖ وَٱصۡبِرُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ ٤٦
And obey Allāh and His Messenger, and do not dispute and [thus] lose courage and [then] your strength would depart; and be patient. Indeed, Allāh is with the patient.
你们应在言语、行为和方方面面都顺从真主和其使者,不要悖逆。因为违背可以削弱你们的力量,并使你们胆怯、丧失战斗力。你们在遇敌时应坚忍,真主会以胜利、支持和援助与坚忍者同在。谁与真主一道,那他毫无疑问就是绝对的胜利者。
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وَلَا تَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ خَرَجُواْ مِن دِيَٰرِهِم بَطَرٗا وَرِئَآءَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا يَعۡمَلُونَ مُحِيطٞ ٤٧
And do not be like those who came forth from their homes insolently and to be seen by people and avert [them] from the way of Allāh. And Allāh is encompassing1 of what they do.
你们不要像以物配主者那样,高傲地、沽名钓誉地从麦加出来,他们阻碍真主的道路,阻止人们信仰真主的宗教,真主对于他们的所作所为是全知的,他们的行为无法隐匿,祂将以此报偿他们。
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وَإِذۡ زَيَّنَ لَهُمُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ أَعۡمَٰلَهُمۡ وَقَالَ لَا غَالِبَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ مِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَإِنِّي جَارٞ لَّكُمۡۖ فَلَمَّا تَرَآءَتِ ٱلۡفِئَتَانِ نَكَصَ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيۡهِ وَقَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيٓءٞ مِّنكُمۡ إِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰ مَا لَا تَرَوۡنَ إِنِّيٓ أَخَافُ ٱللَّهَۚ وَٱللَّهُ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٤٨
And [remember] when Satan made their deeds pleasing to them and said, "No one can overcome you today from among the people, and indeed, I am your protector." But when the two armies sighted each other, he turned on his heels and said, "Indeed, I am disassociated from you. Indeed, I see what you do not see; indeed, I fear Allāh. And Allāh is severe in penalty."
信士们啊!你们应谨记真主给予你们的恩典:当时,恶魔粉饰以物配主者的行为,蛊惑他们去对阵并杀戮穆斯林,他对他们说:“今天,任何人不能战胜你们,我确是你们的保护者,是你们克敌的援助者。”当两军对垒时:一队是信士们,天使们援助他们并与其一道,一队是以物配主者,与他们在一起的是使他们卑贱的恶魔,恶魔转身逃跑,并对以物配主者说:“我与你们毫无干系,我的确看到援助信士们获胜的天使们已经到了,我害怕真主毁灭我,真主确是严厉惩罚的主,任何人都无法承受祂的惩罚。”
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إِذۡ يَقُولُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقُونَ وَٱلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ غَرَّ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ دِينُهُمۡۗ وَمَن يَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ ٤٩
[Remember] when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts was disease [i.e., arrogance and disbelief] said, "Their religion has deluded those [Muslims]." But whoever relies upon Allāh - then indeed, Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.
你们应谨记:当时,伪信士和信仰薄弱之人说:“穆斯林势单力薄,而敌人却人多势众,然而他们的宗教欺骗他们能够克敌。”这些人并不知道,谁信赖真主,并坚信祂所允诺的胜利,那真主就是他的援助者,即使很弱小,祂都不会使他卑贱。真主确是强大的,是战无不胜的,祂对其裁夺和安排确是至睿的。
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وَلَوۡ تَرَىٰٓ إِذۡ يَتَوَفَّى ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ يَضۡرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمۡ وَأَدۡبَٰرَهُمۡ وَذُوقُواْ عَذَابَ ٱلۡحَرِيقِ ٥٠
And if you could but see when the angels take the souls of those who disbelieved...1 They are striking their faces and their backs and [saying], "Taste the punishment of the Burning Fire.
使者啊!如果你看到天使们取走不信仰真主和其使者之人灵魂的场景:如果面对,就会鞭挞他们的脸,如果转身逃跑,就会鞭挞他们的背部,并对他们说:“不信道者啊!你们尝试烈火的惩罚吧!”如果你能亲眼目睹这些,就会看到这个惨烈的场景。
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ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتۡ أَيۡدِيكُمۡ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَيۡسَ بِظَلَّٰمٖ لِّلۡعَبِيدِ ٥١
That is for what your hands have put forth [of evil] and because Allāh is not ever unjust to [His] servants."
不信道者啊!当你们死亡、取走你们灵魂之际,那就是对你们的严厉惩罚,你们在坟墓中和后世还将受到烈火的刑罚,其因就是你们在今世的所作所为,真主不亏枉任何人,祂公正地裁决每个人,祂是公正无私的主。
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كَدَأۡبِ ءَالِ فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡۚ كَفَرُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ فَأَخَذَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِذُنُوبِهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَوِيّٞ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٥٢
[Theirs is] like the custom of the people of Pharaoh and of those before them. They disbelieved in the signs of Allāh, so Allāh seized them for their sins. Indeed, Allāh is Powerful and severe in penalty.
对这些不信道者所降示的刑罚,不单单对于他们,而是真主对每个时期、每个地点的不信道者都施以的常道。当法老的宗族和之前的先民们否认真主的迹象,真主皆因他们的过错惩治他们,真主确是战无不胜的、是大能的主,对悖逆者确是严惩的。
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ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَمۡ يَكُ مُغَيِّرٗا نِّعۡمَةً أَنۡعَمَهَا عَلَىٰ قَوۡمٍ حَتَّىٰ يُغَيِّرُواْ مَا بِأَنفُسِهِمۡ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٥٣
That is because Allāh would not change a favor which He had bestowed upon a people until they change what is within themselves. And indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
那是很严厉的惩罚,因为真主给予一个民族任何一种恩典,不会剥夺它,直到该民众自己从有信仰、正直、感恩的良好状况转变成悖逆真主、作恶多端和忘恩负义的恶劣状况。真主确是全聪其仆人的言辞,全知他们的行为,任何事无法对祂隐瞒。
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كَدَأۡبِ ءَالِ فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡۚ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّهِمۡ فَأَهۡلَكۡنَٰهُم بِذُنُوبِهِمۡ وَأَغۡرَقۡنَآ ءَالَ فِرۡعَوۡنَۚ وَكُلّٞ كَانُواْ ظَٰلِمِينَ ٥٤
[Theirs is] like the custom of the people of Pharaoh and of those before them. They denied the signs of their Lord, so We destroyed them for their sins, and We drowned the people of Pharaoh. And all [of them] were wrongdoers.
这些不信道者的情况类似于其他的不信道者,诸如法老的宗族,以及他们之前的不信道的民众。他们否认自己养主的迹象。于是真主因为他们所犯之罪而毁灭了他们,真主把法老的宗族淹死在海里,法老的宗族和他们之先的民众曾因不信仰真主,以物配主的行为而成为不义之人,故他们理应受到真主的惩罚。
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إِنَّ شَرَّ ٱلدَّوَآبِّ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَهُمۡ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ ٥٥
Indeed, the worst of living creatures in the sight of Allāh are those who have disbelieved, and they will not [ever] believe-
大地上行走的最恶劣的生物,就是否认真主和其使者之人。即使为他们降示所有的迹象,他们也不会信仰,仍坚持于不信。他们的思想、听觉和视觉都无法接受到引导。
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ٱلَّذِينَ عَٰهَدتَّ مِنۡهُمۡ ثُمَّ يَنقُضُونَ عَهۡدَهُمۡ فِي كُلِّ مَرَّةٖ وَهُمۡ لَا يَتَّقُونَ ٥٦
The ones with whom you made a treaty but then they break their pledge every time, and they do not fear Allāh.
至于与穆斯林结盟的犹太部落,如古冉宰部落,他们每次都会破坏协约,他们并不畏惧真主,故他们违反盟约,不履行签署好的协议。
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فَإِمَّا تَثۡقَفَنَّهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡحَرۡبِ فَشَرِّدۡ بِهِم مَّنۡ خَلۡفَهُمۡ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَذَّكَّرُونَ ٥٧
So if you, [O Muḥammad], gain dominance over them in war, disperse by [means of] them those behind them that perhaps they will be reminded.1
使者啊!如果你在战场上遇见这些违背盟约之人,那么,你就严厉地惩治他们,直到其他人都得知此事,并从中吸取教训,以此让他们放弃与你的战斗,放弃与你为敌。
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وَإِمَّا تَخَافَنَّ مِن قَوۡمٍ خِيَانَةٗ فَٱنۢبِذۡ إِلَيۡهِمۡ عَلَىٰ سَوَآءٍۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلۡخَآئِنِينَ ٥٨
If you [have reason to] fear from a people betrayal, throw [their treaty] back to them, [putting you] on equal terms.1 Indeed, Allāh does not like traitors.
使者啊!如果你担心某个部落假意与你结盟,并有毁约的前兆,那你就退掉与他们的盟约,直到你们达成共识。你不要在他们宣告之前袭击他们,在宣告之前对他们袭击确是欺诈行为,真主的确不喜欢欺诈者,而应宽容对待他们,你应谨防欺诈行为。
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وَلَا يَحۡسَبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ سَبَقُوٓاْۚ إِنَّهُمۡ لَا يُعۡجِزُونَ ٥٩
And let not those who disbelieve think they will escape. Indeed, they will not cause failure [to Allāh].
不信道者绝不要认为,自己逃脱了真主的惩罚,溜之大吉。他们绝不会逃脱,绝不能躲过真主的惩罚,真主的惩罚是紧跟其后的。
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وَأَعِدُّواْ لَهُم مَّا ٱسۡتَطَعۡتُم مِّن قُوَّةٖ وَمِن رِّبَاطِ ٱلۡخَيۡلِ تُرۡهِبُونَ بِهِۦ عَدُوَّ ٱللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمۡ وَءَاخَرِينَ مِن دُونِهِمۡ لَا تَعۡلَمُونَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُهُمۡۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِن شَيۡءٖ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ يُوَفَّ إِلَيۡكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تُظۡلَمُونَ ٦٠
And prepare against them whatever you are able of power and of steeds of war1 by which you may terrify the enemy of Allāh and your enemy and others besides them whom you do not know [but] whom Allāh knows. And whatever you spend in the cause of Allāh will be fully repaid to you, and you will not be wronged.
信士们啊!你们应力所能及地备战,如投掷等,并为主道准备所需的马匹;应恐吓并威胁伺机窥探你们和你们的主的敌人;应借此威慑其他的民众,你们不了解他们,不知道他们心中隐藏的敌意,而真主是唯一知道他们的内心所想的。凡你们所花费的,无论多少,真主在今世都将补偿你们,并在后世中给予你们完全的报酬,故你们为主道慷慨解囊吧!
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۞ وَإِن جَنَحُواْ لِلسَّلۡمِ فَٱجۡنَحۡ لَهَا وَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ ٦١
And if they incline to peace, then incline to it [also] and rely upon Allāh. Indeed, it is He who is the Hearing, the Knowing.
如果他们倾向和解,并放弃战争。使者啊!你也和解吧,并与他们缔约,你当信托真主,坚信祂,真主绝不会使你卑贱。祂是全听言辞,全知他们意图和行为的主宰。
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وَإِن يُرِيدُوٓاْ أَن يَخۡدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسۡبَكَ ٱللَّهُۚ هُوَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصۡرِهِۦ وَبِٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٦٢
But if they intend to deceive you - then sufficient for you is Allāh. It is He who supported you with His help and with the believers
使者啊!如果他们假借和解和弃战迷惑你而准备杀戮你,那么,真主足以满足你,令你识破他们的计谋和迷惑,祂将以胜利和迁士与辅士们对你的援助来加强你。
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وَأَلَّفَ بَيۡنَ قُلُوبِهِمۡۚ لَوۡ أَنفَقۡتَ مَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ جَمِيعٗا مَّآ أَلَّفۡتَ بَيۡنَ قُلُوبِهِمۡ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيۡنَهُمۡۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ ٦٣
And brought together their hearts. If you had spent all that is in the earth, you could not have brought their hearts together; but Allāh brought them together. Indeed, He is Exalted in Might and Wise.
祂联合了曾四分五裂而能援助你取胜的信士们的心。假若你花费大地上的所有财富来联合这四分五裂的心,仍无法做到,但只有真主可以做到,祂确实是万能的,是战无不胜的,祂的裁夺、安排和规定确是至睿的。
8:64Page 185
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ حَسۡبُكَ ٱللَّهُ وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٦٤
O Prophet, sufficient for you is Allāh and for whoever follows you of the believers.
先知啊!真主能使你识破敌人的阴谋,能使信士们与你一道,故你应当坚信祂,信托祂。
8:65Page 185
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ حَرِّضِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ عَلَى ٱلۡقِتَالِۚ إِن يَكُن مِّنكُمۡ عِشۡرُونَ صَٰبِرُونَ يَغۡلِبُواْ مِاْئَتَيۡنِۚ وَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُم مِّاْئَةٞ يَغۡلِبُوٓاْ أَلۡفٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ لَّا يَفۡقَهُونَ ٦٥
O Prophet, urge the believers to battle. If there are among you twenty [who are] steadfast, they will overcome two hundred. And if there are among you one hundred [who are steadfast], they will overcome a thousand of those who have disbelieved because they are a people who do not understand.
先知啊!你应鼓励信士们奋勇杀敌,你的鼓励可促使他们坚定决心,斗志昂扬。信士们啊!如果你们中有二十名坚忍的杀敌者,就可战胜两百名不信道者;如果你们中有一百名坚忍者,就可战胜一千名的不信道者。那是因为不信道者不明白真主援助祂的盟友制胜、克敌是祂的常道,他们不理解杀敌的目的,而只是为了今世的荣华富贵作战。
8:66Page 185
ٱلۡـَٰٔنَ خَفَّفَ ٱللَّهُ عَنكُمۡ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمۡ ضَعۡفٗاۚ فَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُم مِّاْئَةٞ صَابِرَةٞ يَغۡلِبُواْ مِاْئَتَيۡنِۚ وَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُمۡ أَلۡفٞ يَغۡلِبُوٓاْ أَلۡفَيۡنِ بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ مَعَ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ ٦٦
Now, Allāh has lightened [the hardship] for you, and He knows that among you is weakness. So if there are from you one hundred [who are] steadfast, they will overcome two hundred. And if there are among you a thousand, they will overcome two thousand by permission of Allāh. And Allāh is with the steadfast.
信士们啊!现在,真主已知道你们虚弱而减轻你们的负担,祂的减轻是对你们的怜爱。故你们每个人应在两名而非十名不信道者面前坚忍。如果你们有一百名坚忍的杀敌者可以战胜他们中的两百人,如果你们有一千名坚忍者,凭借真主的意欲,可以克敌两千名。真主以援助和胜利与坚忍的信士们同在。
8:67Page 185
مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَن يَكُونَ لَهُۥٓ أَسۡرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يُثۡخِنَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱللَّهُ يُرِيدُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةَۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ ٦٧
It is not for a prophet to have captives [of war] until he inflicts a massacre [upon Allāh's enemies] in the land. You [i.e., some Muslims] desire the commodities of this world,1 but Allāh desires [for you] the Hereafter. And Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.
先知不宜俘获与其作战的异教徒战俘。以至于更多地杀戮他们,为了他们心存恐惧,不敢再举犯。信士们啊!你们想以白德尔所俘获的俘虏来获取赎金,而真主愿你们以宗教的胜利和荣耀得享后世的报酬,真主对于祂的本体和属性确是万能的,祂是战无不胜的,祂对祂的裁夺和规定确是至睿的。
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لَّوۡلَا كِتَٰبٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمۡ فِيمَآ أَخَذۡتُمۡ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٞ ٦٨
If not for a decree from Allāh that preceded,1 you would have been touched for what you took by a great punishment.
假若没有真主之前发出的裁决,允许你们占有战利品,允许你们获得俘虏的赎金,那么,你们必定会受到真主的严厉惩罚。其因是你们在真主降示允许你们获得赎金的启示之前,你们已经占有了战利品并获得了俘虏的赎金。
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فَكُلُواْ مِمَّا غَنِمۡتُمۡ حَلَٰلٗا طَيِّبٗاۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٦٩
So consume what you have taken of war booty [as being] lawful and good, and fear Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
信士们啊!你们可以吃从不信道者那里获得的战利品,它对你们是合法的。你们应以遵循真主命令,远离真主禁令而敬畏真主,真主对祂的信士仆人确是至恕的,至慈的。
8:70Page 186
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ قُل لِّمَن فِيٓ أَيۡدِيكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَسۡرَىٰٓ إِن يَعۡلَمِ ٱللَّهُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمۡ خَيۡرٗا يُؤۡتِكُمۡ خَيۡرٗا مِّمَّآ أُخِذَ مِنكُمۡ وَيَغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٧٠
O Prophet, say to whoever is in your hands of the captives, "If Allāh knows [any] good in your hearts, He will give you [something] better than what was taken from you, and He will forgive you; and Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful."
先知啊!在白德尔战役中,你对落入你手中的异教徒俘虏说:“如果真主知道你们心存善意,给予你们的良善意念比你们所缴纳的赎金更好。你们不要为所缴纳的赎金而伤心,真主会饶恕你们的罪行,真主对于忏悔的仆人确是至恕的,至慈的。”真主对先知(愿主福安之)的叔叔阿巴斯和其他信仰伊斯兰教的人实践了自己的允诺。
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وَإِن يُرِيدُواْ خِيَانَتَكَ فَقَدۡ خَانُواْ ٱللَّهَ مِن قَبۡلُ فَأَمۡكَنَ مِنۡهُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ ٧١
But if they intend to betray you - then they have already betrayed Allāh before, and He empowered [you] over them. And Allāh is Knowing and Wise.
穆罕默德啊!如果他们用表露出的言语来欺骗你,那么,他们在之前已欺骗了真主。真主定会使你战胜他们,因此他们有的被杀,有的被俘。如果卷土重来,就让他们等着相同的结果。真主全知祂的被造物,全知有利于他们的福利,祂的裁决确是至睿的。
8:72Page 186
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَهَاجَرُواْ وَجَٰهَدُواْ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَاوَواْ وَّنَصَرُوٓاْ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ بَعۡضُهُمۡ أَوۡلِيَآءُ بَعۡضٖۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَمۡ يُهَاجِرُواْ مَا لَكُم مِّن وَلَٰيَتِهِم مِّن شَيۡءٍ حَتَّىٰ يُهَاجِرُواْۚ وَإِنِ ٱسۡتَنصَرُوكُمۡ فِي ٱلدِّينِ فَعَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلنَّصۡرُ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ قَوۡمِۭ بَيۡنَكُمۡ وَبَيۡنَهُم مِّيثَٰقٞۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ ٧٢
Indeed, those who have believed and emigrated and fought with their wealth and lives in the cause of Allāh and those who gave shelter and aided - they are allies of one another. But those who believed and did not emigrate - for you there is no support of them until they emigrate. And if they seek help of you for the religion, then you must help, except against a people between yourselves and whom is a treaty. And Allāh is Seeing of what you do.
信仰真主、坚信祂的使者、依教法行事、从不信道的地方迁徙到伊斯兰国度或安全地崇拜真主之地、并为了宣扬真主的正道,献出自己的财产和生命,以及留宿客人、援助他们之人,这些迁士们和援助他们的辅士们,他们在取得胜利和互助方面互为盟友。信士们啊!对于信仰真主而未从不信道的地方迁徙到伊斯兰国度的信士们,你们应援助他们,担待他们,直到他们为主道而迁徙。如果不信道者亏枉了他们,他们向你们寻求援助,你们应援助他们战胜敌人,除非你们与他们的敌人之间有不能违反的协约,真主对于你们的行为是全知的,是洞察的,祂将以此报酬你们。
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وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بَعۡضُهُمۡ أَوۡلِيَآءُ بَعۡضٍۚ إِلَّا تَفۡعَلُوهُ تَكُن فِتۡنَةٞ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَفَسَادٞ كَبِيرٞ ٧٣
And those who disbelieved are allies of one another. If you do not do so [i.e., ally yourselves with other believers], there will be fitnah [i.e., disbelief and oppression] on earth and great corruption.
不信道的行为将集结不信道者,故他们互为监护者。他们不会监护信士。如果你们不监护信士们,不为他们抵挡不信道者,那对于信士将是一场灾难。如果他们从自己同宗教的兄弟那里得不到援助,那大地上将充满阻碍真主道路的作恶和迫害。
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وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَهَاجَرُواْ وَجَٰهَدُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَاوَواْ وَّنَصَرُوٓاْ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ حَقّٗاۚ لَّهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٞ وَرِزۡقٞ كَرِيمٞ ٧٤
But those who have believed and emigrated and fought in the cause of Allāh and those who gave shelter and aided - it is they who are the believers, truly. For them is forgiveness and noble provision.
信仰真主并为主道迁徙的迁士、收留为主道迁徙的迁士并援助他们的辅士,具有这些品行之人就是真正的信仰之人。他们将获得真主的饶恕、宽宏的给养,那就是乐园。
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وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنۢ بَعۡدُ وَهَاجَرُواْ وَجَٰهَدُواْ مَعَكُمۡ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ مِنكُمۡۚ وَأُوْلُواْ ٱلۡأَرۡحَامِ بَعۡضُهُمۡ أَوۡلَىٰ بِبَعۡضٖ فِي كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمُۢ ٧٥
And those who believed after [the initial emigration] and emigrated and fought with you - they are of you. But those of [blood] relationship are more entitled [to inheritance] in the decree of Allāh.1 Indeed, Allāh is Knowing of all things.
继伊斯兰教先驱的迁士们和辅士们之后归信的、从不信道的地方迁徙到伊斯兰国度之人、为宣扬真主宗教的奋斗者们,信士们啊!这些人就是你们中的一员,他们得享你们应享受的权利,履行你们应履行的职责。骨肉近亲在真主看来,他们在遗产、信仰和以前的迁徙中都互为监护人,真主对于万事确是全知的,祂洞察万物,彻知有利于仆人的福利,故为他们设定。
Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences