Al-MukhtasarAr‑Ra'd · 13:1–43

Al-Mukhtasar · Tafsir · in Chinese

الرعد

Ar-Ra'd

The Thunder · Medinan · 43 ayahs

13:1Page 249

الٓمٓرۚ تِلۡكَ ءَايَٰتُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِۗ وَٱلَّذِيٓ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ ٱلۡحَقُّ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ ١

Alif, Lām, Meem, Rā.1 These are the verses of the Book; and what has been revealed to you from your Lord is the truth, but most of the people do not believe.

{艾列弗,俩目,米目,拉仪。}此类经文已在《黄牛》章首论述过了。这是一些崇高的经文。先知啊!真主降示给你的《古兰经》确是毋庸置疑的真理,它是来自真主的,但是大多数人却不信。

13:2Page 249

ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي رَفَعَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ بِغَيۡرِ عَمَدٖ تَرَوۡنَهَاۖ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَوَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡعَرۡشِۖ وَسَخَّرَ ٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَۖ كُلّٞ يَجۡرِي لِأَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗىۚ يُدَبِّرُ ٱلۡأَمۡرَ يُفَصِّلُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لَعَلَّكُم بِلِقَآءِ رَبِّكُمۡ تُوقِنُونَ ٢

It is Allāh who erected the heavens without pillars that you [can] see; then He established Himself above the Throne1 and made subject2 the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term. He arranges [each] matter; He details the signs that you may, of the meeting with your Lord, be certain.

真主创造了高高的诸天,没有用你们所能看见的支柱。然后,祂升上阿尔西。这里的升上是适合祂的方式,不能作具体化和拟人化的解释。祂为仆人的利益而制服日月。日月运行至真主所知的定期。祂任意地处理天地间的事情。祂阐明了证明祂大能的许多迹象,希望你们确信复活日会见到你们的主,而以善功为此做好准备。

13:3Page 249

وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي مَدَّ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَٰسِيَ وَأَنۡهَٰرٗاۖ وَمِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ جَعَلَ فِيهَا زَوۡجَيۡنِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِۖ يُغۡشِي ٱلَّيۡلَ ٱلنَّهَارَۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ ٣

And it is He who spread the earth and placed therein firmly set mountains and rivers; and from all of the fruits He made therein two mates; He causes the night to cover the day. Indeed in that are signs for a people who give thought.

清高的真主铺展大地,在大地上创造稳固的山岳,以免大地动荡不安。祂把每种果实创造成两性的,就像动物有雌雄之分一样。祂使黑夜覆盖白昼,让黑暗在光明之后降临。此中对于思考的民众有许多证据。他们能从这些证据中获益。

13:4Page 249

وَفِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ قِطَعٞ مُّتَجَٰوِرَٰتٞ وَجَنَّٰتٞ مِّنۡ أَعۡنَٰبٖ وَزَرۡعٞ وَنَخِيلٞ صِنۡوَانٞ وَغَيۡرُ صِنۡوَانٖ يُسۡقَىٰ بِمَآءٖ وَٰحِدٖ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعۡضَهَا عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ فِي ٱلۡأُكُلِۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡقِلُونَ ٤

And within the land are neighboring plots and gardens of grapevines and crops and palm trees, [growing] several from a root or otherwise,1 watered with one water; but We make some of them exceed others in [quality of] fruit. Indeed in that are signs for a people who reason.

在大地上有许多临近的区域,其中有葡萄园,有庄稼,有椰枣树,其中有二株同根生的,也有二株异根生的。这些园圃和庄稼是用同样的水灌溉的,但一部分比另一部分的味道更好。此中对于理解的民众有许多证据,因为他们会参悟。

13:5Page 249

۞ وَإِن تَعۡجَبۡ فَعَجَبٞ قَوۡلُهُمۡ أَءِذَا كُنَّا تُرَٰبًا أَءِنَّا لَفِي خَلۡقٖ جَدِيدٍۗ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِرَبِّهِمۡۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلۡأَغۡلَٰلُ فِيٓ أَعۡنَاقِهِمۡۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِۖ هُمۡ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ ٥

And if you are astonished,1 [O Muḥammad] - then astonishing is their saying, "When we are dust, will we indeed be [brought] into a new creation?" Those are the ones who have disbelieved in their Lord, and those will have shackles2 upon their necks, and those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally.

先知啊!如果你对什么感到惊奇,那么,最应该感到惊奇的是他们否认复活。他们妄称:“难道我们死后变成尘土和朽骨时,还要被复活吗?”这些人否认死后的复活,他们不信他们的主,他们否认真主复活的大能。在复活日,他们的脖子上要带上枷锁,他们是火狱的居民,将永居其中。他们不会死亡,刑罚也不会中断。

13:6Page 250

وَيَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَكَ بِٱلسَّيِّئَةِ قَبۡلَ ٱلۡحَسَنَةِ وَقَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهِمُ ٱلۡمَثُلَٰتُۗ وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغۡفِرَةٖ لِّلنَّاسِ عَلَىٰ ظُلۡمِهِمۡۖ وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَشَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٦

They impatiently urge you to bring about evil before good,1 while there has already occurred before them similar punishments [to what they demand]. And indeed, your Lord is the possessor of forgiveness for the people despite their wrongdoing, and indeed, your Lord is severe in penalty.

先知啊,在真主为以物配主者预定的恩典享受完毕之前,他们要求你早日降下惩罚。在他们之前对类似的民族的惩罚已逝去了。他们怎么不吸取教训呢?先知啊!人们虽然不义,但你的主对他们是饶恕的,祂不立即惩罚他们,是为了让他们忏悔。对于顽固不化、拒绝忏悔的人,真主的惩罚确是严厉的。

13:7Page 250

وَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَوۡلَآ أُنزِلَ عَلَيۡهِ ءَايَةٞ مِّن رَّبِّهِۦٓۗ إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ مُنذِرٞۖ وَلِكُلِّ قَوۡمٍ هَادٍ ٧

And those who disbelieved say, "Why has a sign not been sent down to him from his Lord?" You are only a warner, and for every people is a guide.

那些顽固不化的否认者说:“为什么没有一种迹象降示给穆罕默德,就像曾经降示给穆萨和尔萨那样呢?”先知啊!你只是一个警告者,让人们警惕真主的惩罚吧。除真主赐予的之外,你无权带来任何迹象。每个民族都有一位先知,引导他们走正道。

13:8Page 250

ٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ مَا تَحۡمِلُ كُلُّ أُنثَىٰ وَمَا تَغِيضُ ٱلۡأَرۡحَامُ وَمَا تَزۡدَادُۚ وَكُلُّ شَيۡءٍ عِندَهُۥ بِمِقۡدَارٍ ٨

Allāh knows what every female carries1 and what the wombs lose [prematurely] or exceed.2 And everything with Him is by due measure.

真主知道每个女性的子宫所孕育的,祂知道关于胎儿的一切。祂知道子宫的收缩和膨胀。在真主那里,万物各有定量,既不会增加,也不会减少。

13:9Page 250

عَٰلِمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ ٱلۡكَبِيرُ ٱلۡمُتَعَالِ ٩

[He is] Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, the Grand, the Exalted.

因为清高的真主既知道人的感官所及的,也知道人的感官所不及的。祂的属性、名称和行为都是伟大的,祂的本体和属性超越于所有的被造物。

13:10Page 250

سَوَآءٞ مِّنكُم مَّنۡ أَسَرَّ ٱلۡقَوۡلَ وَمَن جَهَرَ بِهِۦ وَمَنۡ هُوَ مُسۡتَخۡفِۭ بِٱلَّيۡلِ وَسَارِبُۢ بِٱلنَّهَارِ ١٠

It is the same [to Him] concerning you whether one conceals [his] speech or publicizes it and whether one is hidden by night or conspicuous [among others] by day.

祂知道秘密和更隐微的事。人们啊!在祂看来,你们中秘密谈话的和公开谈话的都是一样的。同样,隐藏在黑夜的和出现在白昼的,在祂看来,也是一样的。

13:11Page 250

لَهُۥ مُعَقِّبَٰتٞ مِّنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦ يَحۡفَظُونَهُۥ مِنۡ أَمۡرِ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوۡمٍ حَتَّىٰ يُغَيِّرُواْ مَا بِأَنفُسِهِمۡۗ وَإِذَآ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ بِقَوۡمٖ سُوٓءٗا فَلَا مَرَدَّ لَهُۥۚ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن دُونِهِۦ مِن وَالٍ ١١

For him [i.e., each one] are successive [angels]1 before and behind him who protect him by the decree of Allāh.2 Indeed, Allāh will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves. And when Allāh intends for a people ill,3 there is no repelling it. And there is not for them besides Him any patron.

清高伟大的真主有许多天使,他们相继地来到人身边。有的在夜晚来临,有的在白昼来临。他们奉真主之命保护人,这是真主委派他们的任务。他们记录人的言行。真主不会改变任何民众的情况,直到他们改变自身的情况。当真主意欲毁灭任何民众的时候,谁也不能抵挡。人们啊!除真主外,你们没有任何保护者,可以替你们抵挡祂的惩罚。

13:12Page 250

هُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُرِيكُمُ ٱلۡبَرۡقَ خَوۡفٗا وَطَمَعٗا وَيُنشِئُ ٱلسَّحَابَ ٱلثِّقَالَ ١٢

It is He who shows you lightning, [causing] fear and aspiration, and generates the heavy clouds.

人们啊!祂让你们看到雷电,使你们既害怕雷击,又期盼雨水,祂兴起了带着雨水的厚重的云。

13:13Page 250

وَيُسَبِّحُ ٱلرَّعۡدُ بِحَمۡدِهِۦ وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ مِنۡ خِيفَتِهِۦ وَيُرۡسِلُ ٱلصَّوَٰعِقَ فَيُصِيبُ بِهَا مَن يَشَآءُ وَهُمۡ يُجَٰدِلُونَ فِي ٱللَّهِ وَهُوَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡمِحَالِ ١٣

And the thunder exalts [Allāh] with praise of Him - and the angels [as well] from fear of Him - and He sends thunderbolts and strikes therewith whom He wills while they dispute about Allāh; and He is severe in assault.

雷霆在赞颂真主超绝万物,众天使也因畏惧和尊重而赞美祂。祂发出霹雳击杀祂所意欲者。不信道者争论真主的独一性,对于违抗真主的人,祂有强大的计谋和力量。

13:14Page 251

لَهُۥ دَعۡوَةُ ٱلۡحَقِّۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ يَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِهِۦ لَا يَسۡتَجِيبُونَ لَهُم بِشَيۡءٍ إِلَّا كَبَٰسِطِ كَفَّيۡهِ إِلَى ٱلۡمَآءِ لِيَبۡلُغَ فَاهُ وَمَا هُوَ بِبَٰلِغِهِۦۚ وَمَا دُعَآءُ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ إِلَّا فِي ضَلَٰلٖ ١٤

To Him [alone] is the supplication of truth. And those they call upon besides Him do not respond to them with a thing, except as one who stretches his hands toward water [from afar, calling it] to reach his mouth, but it will not reach it [thus].1 And the supplication of the disbelievers is not but in error [i.e., futility].

真实的祈祷只归于真主,任何人都不能与祂分享。以物配主者舍真主而祈祷的偶像,不能应答他们的任何祈求。他们对它的祈祷,就像一个口渴的人将手伸向水,以便水到达他的口,而水是不会到达他的口的。不信道者的祈祷只是迷误,因为,它不能为他们带来任何裨益,抵挡任何灾祸。

13:15Page 251

وَلِلَّهِۤ يَسۡجُدُۤ مَن فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ طَوۡعٗا وَكَرۡهٗا وَظِلَٰلُهُم بِٱلۡغُدُوِّ وَٱلۡأٓصَالِ۩ ١٥

And to Allāh prostrates whoever is within the heavens and the earth, willingly or by compulsion, and their shadows [as well] in the mornings and the afternoons.

天地间的一切都顺服地为真主叩头,信士和非信士都一样。但信士是自愿的,而非信士是被迫的,这是其天性使然。万物的阴影也在朝夕向真主叩头。

13:16Page 251

قُلۡ مَن رَّبُّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ قُلِ ٱللَّهُۚ قُلۡ أَفَٱتَّخَذۡتُم مِّن دُونِهِۦٓ أَوۡلِيَآءَ لَا يَمۡلِكُونَ لِأَنفُسِهِمۡ نَفۡعٗا وَلَا ضَرّٗاۚ قُلۡ هَلۡ يَسۡتَوِي ٱلۡأَعۡمَىٰ وَٱلۡبَصِيرُ أَمۡ هَلۡ تَسۡتَوِي ٱلظُّلُمَٰتُ وَٱلنُّورُۗ أَمۡ جَعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ شُرَكَآءَ خَلَقُواْ كَخَلۡقِهِۦ فَتَشَٰبَهَ ٱلۡخَلۡقُ عَلَيۡهِمۡۚ قُلِ ٱللَّهُ خَٰلِقُ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡوَٰحِدُ ٱلۡقَهَّٰرُ ١٦

Say, "Who is Lord of the heavens and earth?" Say, "Allāh." Say, "Have you then taken besides Him allies not possessing [even] for themselves any benefit or any harm?" Say, "Is the blind equivalent to the seeing? Or is darkness equivalent to light? Or have they attributed to Allāh partners who created like His creation so that the creation [of each] seemed similar to them?"1 Say, "Allāh is the Creator of all things, and He is the One, the Prevailing."2

先知啊!你问那些崇拜偶像的人:“谁创造了天地,安排了万事?”你说:“真主创造天地,安排万事。你们也承认这一点。”你对他们说:“难道你们要舍真主而择无能者作为保护者吗?他们不能为自身招福避祸,怎么能为你们招福避祸呢?”你对他们说:“盲目的否认者与明眼的信士是一样的吗?黑暗的悖信与光明的正信是一样的吗?”他们为真主树立许多配主,他们也能像真主一样创造吗?难道在他们看来真主的创造与他们的配主的创造是一样的吗?你对他们说:“只有真主才是万物的创造者,祂没有伙伴,祂独具神性,只有祂值得崇拜,祂是万能的。”

13:17Page 251

أَنزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءٗ فَسَالَتۡ أَوۡدِيَةُۢ بِقَدَرِهَا فَٱحۡتَمَلَ ٱلسَّيۡلُ زَبَدٗا رَّابِيٗاۖ وَمِمَّا يُوقِدُونَ عَلَيۡهِ فِي ٱلنَّارِ ٱبۡتِغَآءَ حِلۡيَةٍ أَوۡ مَتَٰعٖ زَبَدٞ مِّثۡلُهُۥۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَضۡرِبُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡحَقَّ وَٱلۡبَٰطِلَۚ فَأَمَّا ٱلزَّبَدُ فَيَذۡهَبُ جُفَآءٗۖ وَأَمَّا مَا يَنفَعُ ٱلنَّاسَ فَيَمۡكُثُ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَضۡرِبُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡأَمۡثَالَ ١٧

He sends down from the sky, rain, and valleys flow according to their capacity, and the torrent carries a rising foam. And from that [ore] which they heat in the fire, desiring adornments and utensils, is a foam like it. Thus Allāh presents [the example of] truth and falsehood. As for the foam, it vanishes, [being] cast off; but as for that which benefits the people, it remains on the earth. Thus does Allāh present examples.

真主为谬误的消亡和真理的永存举了一个例子:就像天空降下雨水,雨水在沟壑流淌,有的是大河,有的是小河,洪水承载着浮渣。真主又为真理和谬误举了另一个例子:人们为制造首饰和器皿而熔化的金属。真主以此比喻真理与谬误。谬误就像漂在水上的浮渣,就像炼金时的渣滓。真理就像人们用来喝的纯净水,它能灌溉植物。炼金时留下的东西是人们能够获益的。真主就这样为人们设了很多比喻,以便区分真伪。

13:18Page 251

لِلَّذِينَ ٱسۡتَجَابُواْ لِرَبِّهِمُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يَسۡتَجِيبُواْ لَهُۥ لَوۡ أَنَّ لَهُم مَّا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ جَمِيعٗا وَمِثۡلَهُۥ مَعَهُۥ لَٱفۡتَدَوۡاْ بِهِۦٓۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ سُوٓءُ ٱلۡحِسَابِ وَمَأۡوَىٰهُمۡ جَهَنَّمُۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمِهَادُ ١٨

For those who have responded to their Lord is the best [reward], but those who did not respond to Him - if they had all that is in the earth entirely and the like of it with it, they would [attempt to] ransom themselves thereby. Those will have the worst account, and their refuge is Hell, and wretched is the resting place.

当真主号召人们认主独一,服从真主时,响应的那些人将获得最好的报酬,那就是乐园。不响应的人,假如天地间的一切财富都归他们,再加上一倍,他们必定都用来做赎金。他们因自己的罪行受到清算,他们的归宿是火狱,那床铺和归宿真糟糕!

13:19Page 252

۞ أَفَمَن يَعۡلَمُ أَنَّمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ ٱلۡحَقُّ كَمَنۡ هُوَ أَعۡمَىٰٓۚ إِنَّمَا يَتَذَكَّرُ أُوْلُواْ ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ ١٩

Then is he who knows that what has been revealed to you from your Lord is the truth like one who is blind? They will only be reminded who are people of understanding -

先知啊!知道真主降示给你真理的信士与盲目否认的人是一样的吗?唯有具备健全理智的人才会觉悟。

13:20Page 252

ٱلَّذِينَ يُوفُونَ بِعَهۡدِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَنقُضُونَ ٱلۡمِيثَٰقَ ٢٠

Those who fulfill the covenant of Allāh and do not break the contract,

响应真主的人履行与真主的盟约,他们不毁约。

13:21Page 252

وَٱلَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ مَآ أَمَرَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦٓ أَن يُوصَلَ وَيَخۡشَوۡنَ رَبَّهُمۡ وَيَخَافُونَ سُوٓءَ ٱلۡحِسَابِ ٢١

And those who join that which Allāh has ordered to be joined1 and fear their Lord and are afraid of the evil of [their] account,

他们接恤真主所命令的亲属,他们畏惧真主,服从真主的命令,远离真主的禁令,他们害怕真主清算他们的罪恶。谁被严厉地清算,他就毁灭了。

13:22Page 252

وَٱلَّذِينَ صَبَرُواْ ٱبۡتِغَآءَ وَجۡهِ رَبِّهِمۡ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَأَنفَقُواْ مِمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰهُمۡ سِرّٗا وَعَلَانِيَةٗ وَيَدۡرَءُونَ بِٱلۡحَسَنَةِ ٱلسَّيِّئَةَ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ عُقۡبَى ٱلدَّارِ ٢٢

And those who are patient, seeking the face [i.e., acceptance] of their Lord, and establish prayer and spend from what We have provided for them secretly and publicly and prevent evil with good - those will have the good consequence of [this] home1 -

他们坚持服从真主,无论在顺境,还是在逆境。他们为求真主的喜悦而远离罪恶,他们尽善尽美地完成拜功。他们用我赋予他们的财富履行应尽的义务,他们秘密地施舍我所赐予他们的财产。以便远离沽名钓誉;他们公开地施舍为了让人们仿效。他们以德报怨,具备这些属性的人在复活日会有美好的结果。

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جَنَّٰتُ عَدۡنٖ يَدۡخُلُونَهَا وَمَن صَلَحَ مِنۡ ءَابَآئِهِمۡ وَأَزۡوَٰجِهِمۡ وَذُرِّيَّٰتِهِمۡۖ وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ يَدۡخُلُونَ عَلَيۡهِم مِّن كُلِّ بَابٖ ٢٣

Gardens of perpetual residence; they will enter them with whoever were righteous among their forefathers, their spouses and their descendants. And the angels will enter upon them from every gate, [saying],

那就是乐园,他们进入其中,永享幸福。更美好的是他们与自己的祖先、妻室和子女中的正直者一同进入乐园,在其中团聚,众天使从他们在天堂宅第的每一个门进去祝贺他们。

13:24Page 252

سَلَٰمٌ عَلَيۡكُم بِمَا صَبَرۡتُمۡۚ فَنِعۡمَ عُقۡبَى ٱلدَّارِ ٢٤

"Peace [i.e., security] be upon you for what you patiently endured." And excellent is the final home.

众天使每次进去都对他们致以问候:“祝你们平安。这是由于你们坚持服从真主,经受真主的考验,远离罪恶,你们已经摆脱了各种缺点。”

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وَٱلَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهۡدَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مِيثَٰقِهِۦ وَيَقۡطَعُونَ مَآ أَمَرَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦٓ أَن يُوصَلَ وَيُفۡسِدُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمُ ٱللَّعۡنَةُ وَلَهُمۡ سُوٓءُ ٱلدَّارِ ٢٥

But those who break the covenant of Allāh after contracting it and sever that which Allāh has ordered to be joined and spread corruption on earth - for them is the curse, and they will have the worst home.1

与真主缔约,然后加以破坏者,断绝真主命令与之接恤者,这等人是薄福者。他们得不到真主的慈悯,他们的结局是悲惨的,那就是进入火狱。

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ٱللَّهُ يَبۡسُطُ ٱلرِّزۡقَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَقۡدِرُۚ وَفَرِحُواْ بِٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَمَا ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنۡيَا فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ إِلَّا مَتَٰعٞ ٢٦

Allāh extends provision for whom He wills and restricts [it]. And they rejoice in the worldly life, while the worldly life is not, compared to the Hereafter, except [brief] enjoyment.

真主使祂所意欲者给养宽裕,使祂所意欲者给养窘迫。给养的宽裕不是幸福和真主喜爱的标志,给养的窘迫也不是薄福的标志。不信道者以今世生活而感到高兴,他们醉生梦死,与后世相比,今世生活只是转瞬即逝的、微不足道的享受。

13:27Page 252

وَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَوۡلَآ أُنزِلَ عَلَيۡهِ ءَايَةٞ مِّن رَّبِّهِۦۚ قُلۡ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهۡدِيٓ إِلَيۡهِ مَنۡ أَنَابَ ٢٧

And those who disbelieved say, "Why has a sign not been sent down to him from his Lord?" Say, [O Muḥammad], "Indeed, Allāh leaves astray whom He wills and guides to Himself whoever turns back [to Him] -

否认真主和他的迹象的人说:“怎么没有一种迹象降示给穆罕默德,证明他身份的真实,而让我们信仰他呢?”先知啊!你对这些刁难者说:“真主以其公正使他所意欲者迷误,以其恩惠使忏悔者得以引导。引导的内容不取决于他们,不能将他们所要求的降示迹象与真主的引导混为一谈。”

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ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَتَطۡمَئِنُّ قُلُوبُهُم بِذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِۗ أَلَا بِذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِ تَطۡمَئِنُّ ٱلۡقُلُوبُ ٢٨

Those who have believed and whose hearts are assured by the remembrance of Allāh. Unquestionably, by the remembrance of Allāh hearts are assured."

真主引导的人是信士,他们的心灵因记主、赞主、诵读和聆听《古兰经》而安宁。真的,只有记念真主,心灵才能安宁。

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ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ طُوبَىٰ لَهُمۡ وَحُسۡنُ مَـَٔابٖ ٢٩

Those who have believed and done righteous deeds - a good state is theirs and a good return.

信道而且行善者,在后世拥有美好的生活和优美的归宿——乐园。

13:30Page 253

كَذَٰلِكَ أَرۡسَلۡنَٰكَ فِيٓ أُمَّةٖ قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهَآ أُمَمٞ لِّتَتۡلُوَاْ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ وَهُمۡ يَكۡفُرُونَ بِٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِۚ قُلۡ هُوَ رَبِّي لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ عَلَيۡهِ تَوَكَّلۡتُ وَإِلَيۡهِ مَتَابِ ٣٠

Thus have We sent you to a community before which [other] communities have passed on so you might recite to them that which We revealed to you, while they disbelieve in the Most Merciful. Say, "He is my Lord; there is no deity except Him. Upon Him I rely, and to Him is my return."

先知啊!正如我以前派遣了许多使者,我派你劝化你的族人,以便把我启示给你的《古兰经》宣读给他们,它足以证明你的诚实。但是,你的族人否认这个迹象,因为他们否认至仁主,他们以物配主。先知啊!你对他们说:“你们所举伴的至仁主是我的主,除祂外,绝无应受崇拜的,我将所有事情都托靠祂,我向祂忏悔。”

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وَلَوۡ أَنَّ قُرۡءَانٗا سُيِّرَتۡ بِهِ ٱلۡجِبَالُ أَوۡ قُطِّعَتۡ بِهِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ أَوۡ كُلِّمَ بِهِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰۗ بَل لِّلَّهِ ٱلۡأَمۡرُ جَمِيعًاۗ أَفَلَمۡ يَاْيۡـَٔسِ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَن لَّوۡ يَشَآءُ ٱللَّهُ لَهَدَى ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعٗاۗ وَلَا يَزَالُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ تُصِيبُهُم بِمَا صَنَعُواْ قَارِعَةٌ أَوۡ تَحُلُّ قَرِيبٗا مِّن دَارِهِمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَأۡتِيَ وَعۡدُ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُخۡلِفُ ٱلۡمِيعَادَ ٣١

And if there was any Qur’ān [i.e., recitation] by which the mountains would be removed or the earth would be broken apart or the dead would be made to speak,1 [it would be this Qur’ān], but to Allāh belongs the affair entirely. Then have those who believed not accepted that had Allāh willed, He would have guided the people, all of them? And those who disbelieve do not cease to be struck, for what they have done, by calamity - or it will descend near their home - until there comes the promise of Allāh. Indeed, Allāh does not fail in [His] promise.

先知啊!假如一部天启经典可以移动山岳,或使地面裂开,河水涌出,或使死人复活,那它一定是降示给你的这部《古兰经》。如果他们心存敬畏,《古兰经》就是明证,它具有极大的影响力。但是他们否认。降示奇迹的权力归于真主,难道信仰真主的人不知道,假如真主意欲,祂可以不用降示迹象就引导全人类,但是真主不意欲这样。那些否认真主的人还要因自己的行为而遭受灾殃,或在他们的住宅附近遭受灾殃。直到真主的应许到来,真主是不会爽约的。

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وَلَقَدِ ٱسۡتُهۡزِئَ بِرُسُلٖ مِّن قَبۡلِكَ فَأَمۡلَيۡتُ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ثُمَّ أَخَذۡتُهُمۡۖ فَكَيۡفَ كَانَ عِقَابِ ٣٢

And already were [other] messengers ridiculed before you, and I extended the time of those who disbelieved; then I seized them, and how [terrible] was My penalty.

先知啊!你并不是第一个被否认和嘲笑的使者,你之前的许多使者确已被嘲笑和否认了。我宽限那些否认使者的人,直到他们以为我不会毁灭他们时,我让他们遭受各种刑罚。你看,我对他们的惩罚是怎样的?我的惩罚确是严厉的。

13:33Page 253

أَفَمَنۡ هُوَ قَآئِمٌ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ نَفۡسِۭ بِمَا كَسَبَتۡۗ وَجَعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ شُرَكَآءَ قُلۡ سَمُّوهُمۡۚ أَمۡ تُنَبِّـُٔونَهُۥ بِمَا لَا يَعۡلَمُ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَم بِظَٰهِرٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡقَوۡلِۗ بَلۡ زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مَكۡرُهُمۡ وَصُدُّواْ عَنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۗ وَمَن يُضۡلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُۥ مِنۡ هَادٖ ٣٣

Then is He who is a maintainer of every soul, [knowing] what it has earned, [like any other]? But to Allāh they have attributed partners. Say, "Name them. Or do you inform Him of that1 which He knows not upon the earth or of what is apparent [i.e., alleged] of speech?"2 Rather, their [own] plan has been made attractive to those who disbelieve, and they have been averted from the way. And whomever Allāh sends astray - there will be for him no guide.

是保护万物的给养,监督每个人的行为,给每个人应有回报的主应受崇拜呢?还是那些偶像应受崇拜呢?否认者妄称它们是真主的伙伴。先知啊!你对他们说:“你们指出他们的名称吧,如果你们是诚实的。还是你们把真主在大地上所不知道的告诉祂吗?还是你们告诉祂毫无意义的东西?”不然,恶魔装饰了他们的阴谋诡计,使他们否认真主,偏离正道和引导。真主使谁迷误,绝没有人能引导他。

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لَّهُمۡ عَذَابٞ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ وَلَعَذَابُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ أَشَقُّۖ وَمَا لَهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ مِن وَاقٖ ٣٤

For them will be punishment in the life of [this] world, and the punishment of the Hereafter is more severe. And they will not have from Allāh any protector.

他们在今世生活将遭到惩罚:被信士杀戮或俘虏。后世等待他们的刑罚是更严厉的,因为后世的刑罚是不会停止的。在复活日,没有人能保护他们免遭真主的惩罚。

13:35Page 254

۞ مَّثَلُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِي وُعِدَ ٱلۡمُتَّقُونَۖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُۖ أُكُلُهَا دَآئِمٞ وَظِلُّهَاۚ تِلۡكَ عُقۡبَى ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَواْۚ وَّعُقۡبَى ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٱلنَّارُ ٣٥

The example [i.e., description] of Paradise, which the righteous have been promised, is [that] beneath it rivers flow. Its fruit is lasting, and its shade. That is the consequence for the righteous, and the consequence for the disbelievers is the Fire.

敬畏者服从真主的命令,远离真主的禁令,真主为他们应许了下临诸河的乐园,其中的果实不会中断——不像今世的果实,其中的荫影也永不消失。这就是敬畏真主者的归宿,否认者的归宿是火狱,他们永居其中。

13:36Page 254

وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ يَفۡرَحُونَ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَۖ وَمِنَ ٱلۡأَحۡزَابِ مَن يُنكِرُ بَعۡضَهُۥۚ قُلۡ إِنَّمَآ أُمِرۡتُ أَنۡ أَعۡبُدَ ٱللَّهَ وَلَآ أُشۡرِكَ بِهِۦٓۚ إِلَيۡهِ أَدۡعُواْ وَإِلَيۡهِ مَـَٔابِ ٣٦

And [the believers among] those to whom We have given the [previous] Scripture rejoice at what has been revealed to you, [O Muḥammad], but among the [opposing] factions are those who deny part of it [i.e., the Qur’ān]. Say, "I have only been commanded to worship Allāh and not associate [anything] with Him. To Him I invite, and to Him is my return."

先知啊!我赐予《讨拉特》的犹太教徒和赐予《引支勒》的基督教徒,喜欢降示给你的经典,因为它与他们的一部分经典是一致的。犹太教徒和基督教徒的盟友中有人否认部分降示给你的经典,因为它与他们的私欲不一致——可以将他们描述为篡改经典的人。先知啊!你对他们说:“真主命令我只崇拜祂,不以任何物配祂。我只祈祷祂,不祈祷除祂之外的;我只归依祂,《讨拉特》和《引支勒》的内容也是这样的。”

13:37Page 254

وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَنزَلۡنَٰهُ حُكۡمًا عَرَبِيّٗاۚ وَلَئِنِ ٱتَّبَعۡتَ أَهۡوَآءَهُم بَعۡدَ مَا جَآءَكَ مِنَ ٱلۡعِلۡمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ مِن وَلِيّٖ وَلَا وَاقٖ ٣٧

And thus We have revealed it as an Arabic legislation.1 And if you should follow their inclinations after what has come to you of knowledge, you would not have against Allāh any ally or any protector.

先知啊!正如我以先前民族的语言降示了他们的经典,我给你降示了阿拉伯语的《古兰经》,以阐明真理。假如你在真主的知识降临你之后,追随有经人的私欲——删除不符合他们私欲的内容,那么,真主就不会襄助你,也不会援助你战胜敌人,没有任何人能使你避免真主的惩罚。

13:38Page 254

وَلَقَدۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا رُسُلٗا مِّن قَبۡلِكَ وَجَعَلۡنَا لَهُمۡ أَزۡوَٰجٗا وَذُرِّيَّةٗۚ وَمَا كَانَ لِرَسُولٍ أَن يَأۡتِيَ بِـَٔايَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۗ لِكُلِّ أَجَلٖ كِتَابٞ ٣٨

And We have already sent messengers before you and assigned to them wives and descendants. And it was not for a messenger to come with a sign except by permission of Allāh. For every term is a decree.

先知啊!在你之前,我确已派遣了许多人作为使者,你并非使者中的另类。我使他们像凡人一样,有妻室儿女。我没有使他们成为不婚不育的天使,你也是这些使者中的一员。以物配主者为何对你感到奇怪呢?使者不能擅自昭示迹象,除非得到真主的许可。真主判定的每件事都有一个期限,不会退后也不会提前。

13:39Page 254

يَمۡحُواْ ٱللَّهُ مَا يَشَآءُ وَيُثۡبِتُۖ وَعِندَهُۥٓ أُمُّ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ ٣٩

Allāh eliminates what He wills or confirms, and with Him is the Mother of the Book.1

真主任意地勾销和确定福利与祸患、幸福与薄福。祂那里有天经的原本,它是一切的参考。凡是勾销的或确定的都与其中的内容是一致的。

13:40Page 254

وَإِن مَّا نُرِيَنَّكَ بَعۡضَ ٱلَّذِي نَعِدُهُمۡ أَوۡ نَتَوَفَّيَنَّكَ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡبَلَٰغُ وَعَلَيۡنَا ٱلۡحِسَابُ ٤٠

And whether We show you part of what We promise them or take you in death, upon you is only the [duty of] notification, and upon Us is the account.

先知啊!如果我让你在死前看到我警告他们的部分刑罚,那是我的事,或者在我昭示你之前使你归真,你只负传达的责任,你不能惩罚和清算他们,那是我的事。

13:41Page 254

أَوَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ أَنَّا نَأۡتِي ٱلۡأَرۡضَ نَنقُصُهَا مِنۡ أَطۡرَافِهَاۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَحۡكُمُ لَا مُعَقِّبَ لِحُكۡمِهِۦۚ وَهُوَ سَرِيعُ ٱلۡحِسَابِ ٤١

Have they not seen that We set upon the land, reducing it from its borders?1 And Allāh decides; there is no adjuster of His decision. And He is swift in account.

难道这些不信道者不知道吗?我以伊斯兰的传播和穆斯林的胜利而缩小他们的国土,真主以祂所意欲的在仆人之间判决,任何人都不能改变其判决,清高的真主是清算神速的,祂要在同一天清算前人和后人。

13:42Page 254

وَقَدۡ مَكَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ فَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡمَكۡرُ جَمِيعٗاۖ يَعۡلَمُ مَا تَكۡسِبُ كُلُّ نَفۡسٖۗ وَسَيَعۡلَمُ ٱلۡكُفَّٰرُ لِمَنۡ عُقۡبَى ٱلدَّارِ ٤٢

And those before them had plotted, but to Allāh belongs the plan entirely. He knows what every soul earns, and the disbelievers will know for whom is the final home.

先前的民族确已对他们的先知用计谋,他们否认先知带来的启示,他们的计谋起作用了吗?没有任何作用。因为只有真主的计谋才是有效的。同时,清高的真主知道每个灵魂的谋求,祂将根据其谋求给每个人回报,那时,他们就会知道他们不信仰真主是错误的,而信士是正确的,他们以此获得了乐园和美好的归宿。

13:43Page 255

وَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَسۡتَ مُرۡسَلٗاۚ قُلۡ كَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ شَهِيدَۢا بَيۡنِي وَبَيۡنَكُمۡ وَمَنۡ عِندَهُۥ عِلۡمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ ٤٣

And those who have disbelieved say, "You are not a messenger." Say, [O Muḥammad], "Sufficient is Allāh as Witness between me and you, and [the witness of] whoever has knowledge of the Scripture."1

不信道者说:“穆罕默德啊!你不是真主派遣的使者。”先知啊!你对他们说:“真主是我们和你们之间的见证者,祂见证我是祂派向你们的使者。懂得天启经典的人也可以见证。真主见证诚实的人,人们的否认是无济于事的。”

Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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