Al-MukhtasarIbrahim · 14:1–52

Al-Mukhtasar · Tafsir · in Chinese

ابراهيم

Ibrahim

Abraham · Meccan · 52 ayahs

14:1Page 255

الٓرۚ كِتَٰبٌ أَنزَلۡنَٰهُ إِلَيۡكَ لِتُخۡرِجَ ٱلنَّاسَ مِنَ ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ بِإِذۡنِ رَبِّهِمۡ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطِ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلۡحَمِيدِ ١

Alif, Lām, Rā.1 [This is] a Book which We have revealed to you, [O Muḥammad], that you might bring mankind out of darknesses into the light by permission of their Lord - to the path of the Exalted in Might, the Praiseworthy -

{艾列弗,俩目,拉依。}此类经文在《黄牛》章章首已论述。使者啊!我降示给你这部《古兰经》,是为了让你把人类从悖信、无知和迷误引向信仰、知识和伊斯兰——不可战胜的、一切赞颂归于真主的道路。

14:2Page 255

ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِي لَهُۥ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ وَوَيۡلٞ لِّلۡكَٰفِرِينَ مِنۡ عَذَابٖ شَدِيدٍ ٢

Allāh, to whom belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And woe [i.e., destruction] to the disbelievers from a severe punishment -

真主独有天地的国权。唯有祂应受崇拜,任何被造物都不能分享。不信道者将遭到严厉的刑罚。

14:3Page 255

ٱلَّذِينَ يَسۡتَحِبُّونَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا عَلَى ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَبۡغُونَهَا عِوَجًاۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ فِي ضَلَٰلِۭ بَعِيدٖ ٣

The ones who prefer the worldly life over the Hereafter and avert [people] from the way of Allāh, seeking to make it [seem] deviant. Those are in extreme error.

不信道者选择今世生活及其中暂时的享受,放弃后世生活及其中永恒的恩典。他们阻止人们走上正道,并歪曲正道,以便人们放弃它。具备这些属性的人处在远离真理的迷误中。

14:4Page 255

وَمَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلَّا بِلِسَانِ قَوۡمِهِۦ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمۡۖ فَيُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٤

And We did not send any messenger except [speaking] in the language of his people to state clearly for them, and Allāh sends astray [thereby] whom He wills1 and guides whom He wills. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.

我派遣的每一位使者,都讲的是他的族人的语言,以便他们理解来自真主的启示。我派遣使者并非要强迫人们信仰真主。真主以其公正使祂所意欲者迷误,以其恩惠使祂所意欲者得以引导。祂是万能的,不可战胜的,祂的创造和安排是睿智的。

14:5Page 255

وَلَقَدۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مُوسَىٰ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ أَنۡ أَخۡرِجۡ قَوۡمَكَ مِنَ ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ وَذَكِّرۡهُم بِأَيَّىٰمِ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٖ شَكُورٖ ٥

And We certainly sent Moses with Our signs, [saying], "Bring out your people from darknesses into the light and remind them of the days1 of Allāh." Indeed in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful.

我确已派遣了穆萨,我以许多证实他圣品的迹象支持他,我命令他将他的族人从悖信和愚昧引向信仰和知识。我命令他以真主降恩他们的一些日子提醒他们。这些日子是真主独一、大能和恩典的明显证据。只有坚持服从真主并感恩的人才能获益。

14:6Page 256

وَإِذۡ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوۡمِهِ ٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذۡ أَنجَىٰكُم مِّنۡ ءَالِ فِرۡعَوۡنَ يَسُومُونَكُمۡ سُوٓءَ ٱلۡعَذَابِ وَيُذَبِّحُونَ أَبۡنَآءَكُمۡ وَيَسۡتَحۡيُونَ نِسَآءَكُمۡۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَآءٞ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ عَظِيمٞ ٦

And [recall, O Children of Israel], when Moses said to his people, "Remember the favor of Allāh upon you when He saved you from the people of Pharaoh, who were afflicting you with the worst torment and were slaughtering your [newborn] sons and keeping your females alive. And in that was a great trial from your Lord.

使者啊!你当叙述:当时,穆萨服从真主的命令,向他的族人——以色列的后裔——提起真主对他们的恩典:“我的族人啊!你们当铭记真主赐予你们的恩典。当时,祂拯救你们摆脱了法老的臣民,使你们免遭他们的迫害。他们让你们遭受酷刑,屠杀你们的男子,以便无人威胁法老的王位。留下你们的妇女,以便驯服和凌辱她们。他们的这种作为是对你们坚忍的巨大考验。真主根据你们的忍耐回报你们,拯救你们摆脱这一切。”

14:7Page 256

وَإِذۡ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمۡ لَئِن شَكَرۡتُمۡ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمۡۖ وَلَئِن كَفَرۡتُمۡ إِنَّ عَذَابِي لَشَدِيدٞ ٧

And [remember] when your Lord proclaimed, 'If you are grateful, I will surely increase you [in favor]; but if you deny, indeed, My punishment is severe.'"

穆萨对他们说:“你们当铭记,当时你们的主郑重地宣告你们:‘如果你们感谢真主赐予你们的恩典,祂必定增加对你们的恩赐;如果你们忘恩负义,祂对你们的刑罚确是严厉的。’”

14:8Page 256

وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰٓ إِن تَكۡفُرُوٓاْ أَنتُمۡ وَمَن فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ جَمِيعٗا فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ ٨

And Moses said, "If you should disbelieve, you and whoever is on the earth entirely - indeed, Allāh is Free of need and Praiseworthy."

穆萨对他的族人说:“我的族人啊!如果你们和所有的人都否认,只对你们自己有害,真主是无求的、确是可颂的,信士的信仰不能有益于祂,否认者的否认不能有害于祂。”

14:9Page 256

أَلَمۡ يَأۡتِكُمۡ نَبَؤُاْ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ قَوۡمِ نُوحٖ وَعَادٖ وَثَمُودَ وَٱلَّذِينَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ لَا يَعۡلَمُهُمۡ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُۚ جَآءَتۡهُمۡ رُسُلُهُم بِٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ فَرَدُّوٓاْ أَيۡدِيَهُمۡ فِيٓ أَفۡوَٰهِهِمۡ وَقَالُوٓاْ إِنَّا كَفَرۡنَا بِمَآ أُرۡسِلۡتُم بِهِۦ وَإِنَّا لَفِي شَكّٖ مِّمَّا تَدۡعُونَنَآ إِلَيۡهِ مُرِيبٖ ٩

Has there not reached you the news of those before you - the people of Noah and ʿAad and Thamūd and those after them? No one knows them [i.e., their number] but Allāh. Their messengers brought them clear proofs, but they returned their hands to their mouths1 and said, "Indeed, we disbelieve in that with which you have been sent, and indeed we are, about that to which you invite us, in disquieting doubt."

不信道的人们啊!难道你们之前悖信的民族的消息没有来临你们吗?如努哈的族人,呼德的族人阿德人,萨利赫的族人赛莫德人,以及他们之后的很多民族,只有真主知道他们的数目。他们的使者给他们带来了明证,他们将手放在嘴里,因愤恨使者而咬牙切齿。他们对使者说:“我们否认你们奉命传达的使命,我们对于你们宣传的事情,是处在怀疑之中的。”

14:10Page 256

۞ قَالَتۡ رُسُلُهُمۡ أَفِي ٱللَّهِ شَكّٞ فَاطِرِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ يَدۡعُوكُمۡ لِيَغۡفِرَ لَكُم مِّن ذُنُوبِكُمۡ وَيُؤَخِّرَكُمۡ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗىۚ قَالُوٓاْ إِنۡ أَنتُمۡ إِلَّا بَشَرٞ مِّثۡلُنَا تُرِيدُونَ أَن تَصُدُّونَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعۡبُدُ ءَابَآؤُنَا فَأۡتُونَا بِسُلۡطَٰنٖ مُّبِينٖ ١٠

Their messengers said, "Can there be doubt about Allāh, Creator of the heavens and earth? He invites you that He may forgive you of your sins, and He delays you [i.e., your death] for a specified term." They said, "You are not but men like us who wish to avert us from what our fathers were worshipping. So bring us a clear authority [i.e., evidence]."

他们的使者反驳他们说:“难道对于认主独一和拜主独一还有怀疑吗?真主是天地的创造者,天地的存在是没有先例的。祂号召你们信仰祂,以便饶恕你们以往的罪恶,将你们宽限到今世生活中注定的期限。”他们的族人说:“你们只是和我们一样的凡人,你们并不比我们优越。你们想要阻止我们崇拜我们祖先所崇拜的偶像,请你们给我们拿出证据吧,以证明你们确是真主派来的使者。”

14:11Page 257

قَالَتۡ لَهُمۡ رُسُلُهُمۡ إِن نَّحۡنُ إِلَّا بَشَرٞ مِّثۡلُكُمۡ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَمُنُّ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُ مِنۡ عِبَادِهِۦۖ وَمَا كَانَ لَنَآ أَن نَّأۡتِيَكُم بِسُلۡطَٰنٍ إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلۡيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ ١١

Their messengers said to them, "We are only men like you, but Allāh confers favor upon whom He wills of His servants. It has never been for us to bring you evidence except by permission of Allāh. And upon Allāh let the believers rely.

他们的使者反驳说:“我们只是像你们一样的凡人。我们并不否认这种相似,但它并不意味着在所有方面都一样。真主特别地慈悯祂所意欲的仆人,选拔他们作为人类的使者。我们不能给你们带来你们所要求的证据,除非是凭借真主的意欲。昭示证据不是我们的能力,而是真主的能力,让信士在所有事情中托靠真主吧。

14:12Page 257

وَمَا لَنَآ أَلَّا نَتَوَكَّلَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ وَقَدۡ هَدَىٰنَا سُبُلَنَاۚ وَلَنَصۡبِرَنَّ عَلَىٰ مَآ ءَاذَيۡتُمُونَاۚ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلۡيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلۡمُتَوَكِّلُونَ ١٢

And why should we not rely upon Allāh while He has guided us to our [good] ways. And we will surely be patient against whatever harm you should cause us. And upon Allāh let those who would rely [indeed] rely."

什么能阻止我们托靠真主呢?祂确已指引我们最端正、最明确的道路。我们一定要忍受你们对我们的否认和嘲笑。信士在所有事情中都托靠真主。”

14:13Page 257

وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لِرُسُلِهِمۡ لَنُخۡرِجَنَّكُم مِّنۡ أَرۡضِنَآ أَوۡ لَتَعُودُنَّ فِي مِلَّتِنَاۖ فَأَوۡحَىٰٓ إِلَيۡهِمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ لَنُهۡلِكَنَّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ١٣

And those who disbelieved said to their messengers, "We will surely drive you out of our land, or you must return to our religion." So their Lord inspired to them, "We will surely destroy the wrongdoers.

当那些否认者无法反驳使者时,他们说:“我们一定要把你们从我们的城市中驱逐出去,或者你们放弃你们的宗教,加入我们的宗教。”真主以启示安慰使者:“我一定要毁灭那些否认真主及其使者的不义者。”

14:14Page 257

وَلَنُسۡكِنَنَّكُمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنۡ خَافَ مَقَامِي وَخَافَ وَعِيدِ ١٤

And We will surely cause you to dwell in the land after them. That is for he who fears My position1 and fears My threat."

先知及其追随者啊!我一定要在毁灭他们之后使你们安居大地。这里提到的毁灭是不信道的异教徒。在毁灭他们之后,让他们的使者和信士们安居大地。这是为认识到我的伟大、监察和害怕我的警告者所准备的。

14:15Page 257

وَٱسۡتَفۡتَحُواْ وَخَابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٖ ١٥

And they requested decision [i.e., victory from Allāh], and disappointed, [therefore], was every obstinate tyrant.

众使者请求他们的主援助他们,战胜敌人。每个骄傲自大、顽固不化的人都亏折了,

14:16Page 257

مِّن وَرَآئِهِۦ جَهَنَّمُ وَيُسۡقَىٰ مِن مَّآءٖ صَدِيدٖ ١٦

Before him1 is Hell, and he will be given a drink of purulent water.2

在复活日,等待骄傲自大者的是火狱,他在其中要饮火狱居民身上流下的脓汁,它并不能解渴。他们在其中要遭受饥渴等各种刑罚。

14:17Page 257

يَتَجَرَّعُهُۥ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُسِيغُهُۥ وَيَأۡتِيهِ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ مِن كُلِّ مَكَانٖ وَمَا هُوَ بِمَيِّتٖۖ وَمِن وَرَآئِهِۦ عَذَابٌ غَلِيظٞ ١٧

He will gulp it but will hardly [be able to] swallow it. And death will come to him from everywhere, but he is not to die. And before him is a massive punishment.

由于脓汁苦涩、灼热、恶臭,他只能一口一口地喝,几乎难以下咽。由于刑罚的严厉,死亡从各处降临他。但他不会死亡而获得解脱,他将永远受刑,而且还有其它严厉的刑罚等待着他。

14:18Page 257

مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِرَبِّهِمۡۖ أَعۡمَٰلُهُمۡ كَرَمَادٍ ٱشۡتَدَّتۡ بِهِ ٱلرِّيحُ فِي يَوۡمٍ عَاصِفٖۖ لَّا يَقۡدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُواْ عَلَىٰ شَيۡءٖۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلضَّلَٰلُ ٱلۡبَعِيدُ ١٨

The example of those who disbelieve in their Lord is [that] their deeds are like ashes which the wind blows forcefully on a stormy day; they are unable [to keep] from what they earned a [single] thing. That is what is extreme error.

不信道者所做的工作,如施舍、行善、同情弱者等,就像暴风之日被吹散的灰,一点痕迹也不留下。不信道者的工作就这样被自身的悖信消除。在复活日,他们的工作对他们无益。没有建立在信仰之上的工作是远离正道的迷误。

14:19Page 258

أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ إِن يَشَأۡ يُذۡهِبۡكُمۡ وَيَأۡتِ بِخَلۡقٖ جَدِيدٖ ١٩

Have you not seen [i.e., considered] that Allāh created the heavens and the earth in truth? If He wills, He can do away with you and produce a new creation.

世人啊!难道你不知道真主以真理创造了天地,祂没有徒然地创造它们。如果祂意欲,祂就毁灭你们,创造别的族群——他们服从真主,崇拜真主。这对祂是很容易的事。

14:20Page 258

وَمَا ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٖ ٢٠

And that is not difficult for Allāh.

毁灭你们和创造别的族群对真主不是不可能的,祂是全能万事的,没有任何事能难住祂。

14:21Page 258

وَبَرَزُواْ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعٗا فَقَالَ ٱلضُّعَفَٰٓؤُاْ لِلَّذِينَ ٱسۡتَكۡبَرُوٓاْ إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمۡ تَبَعٗا فَهَلۡ أَنتُم مُّغۡنُونَ عَنَّا مِنۡ عَذَابِ ٱللَّهِ مِن شَيۡءٖۚ قَالُواْ لَوۡ هَدَىٰنَا ٱللَّهُ لَهَدَيۡنَٰكُمۡۖ سَوَآءٌ عَلَيۡنَآ أَجَزِعۡنَآ أَمۡ صَبَرۡنَا مَا لَنَا مِن مَّحِيصٖ ٢١

And they will come out [for judgement] before Allāh all together, and the weak will say to those who were arrogant, "Indeed, we were your followers, so can you avail us anything against the punishment of Allāh?" They will say, "If Allāh had guided us, we would have guided you. It is all the same for us whether we show intolerance or are patient: there is for us no place of escape."

在复活日,众生都将从坟墓中出来,懦弱者将对自大者说:“我们曾是你们的追随者,我们服从你们的命令,你们能替我们抵挡真主的一点刑罚吗?”自大者说:“假如真主引导我们,我们必定会引导你们,那么,我们就会从祂的惩罚中得救。但是,我们迷误了,我们也使你们迷误了。我们都无法承受刑罚,我们也无法逃避刑罚。”

14:22Page 258

وَقَالَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ ٱلۡأَمۡرُ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمۡ وَعۡدَ ٱلۡحَقِّ وَوَعَدتُّكُمۡ فَأَخۡلَفۡتُكُمۡۖ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّن سُلۡطَٰنٍ إِلَّآ أَن دَعَوۡتُكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَجَبۡتُمۡ لِيۖ فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوٓاْ أَنفُسَكُمۖ مَّآ أَنَا۠ بِمُصۡرِخِكُمۡ وَمَآ أَنتُم بِمُصۡرِخِيَّ إِنِّي كَفَرۡتُ بِمَآ أَشۡرَكۡتُمُونِ مِن قَبۡلُۗ إِنَّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ ٢٢

And Satan will say when the matter has been concluded, "Indeed, Allāh had promised you the promise of truth. And I promised you, but I betrayed you. But I had no authority over you except that I invited you, and you responded to me. So do not blame me; but blame yourselves. I cannot be called to your aid, nor can you be called to my aid. Indeed, I deny your association of me [with Allāh] before.1 Indeed, for the wrongdoers is a painful punishment."

当乐园的居民进入乐园,火狱的居民进入火狱时,易卜劣厮说:“真主对我们的应许是真实的,祂实现了对你们的应许,我对你们的应许是虚伪的,我没有实现对你们的应许。在今世,我没有权力强迫你们否认和迷误,但是我召唤你们,迷惑你们,你们就积极地追随我。你们为自己的迷误而谴责我们,你们应当谴责自己,这才是最应该的。我不能替你们抵挡刑罚,你们也不能替我抵挡刑罚。我不承认你们曾把我配主。在今世以物配主,否认真主的不义者,在复活日将遭受痛苦的刑罚。”

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وَأُدۡخِلَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ جَنَّٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا بِإِذۡنِ رَبِّهِمۡۖ تَحِيَّتُهُمۡ فِيهَا سَلَٰمٌ ٢٣

And those who believed and did righteous deeds will be admitted to gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding eternally therein by permission of their Lord; and their greeting therein will be, "Peace!"

与不义者的归宿不同,真主将让那些信道并行善者进入下临诸河的乐园,他们将奉真主的许可永居其中。真主、天使及他们彼此的问候语是:“祝你们平安。”

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أَلَمۡ تَرَ كَيۡفَ ضَرَبَ ٱللَّهُ مَثَلٗا كَلِمَةٗ طَيِّبَةٗ كَشَجَرَةٖ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصۡلُهَا ثَابِتٞ وَفَرۡعُهَا فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ ٢٤

Have you not considered how Allāh presents an example, [making] a good word like a good tree, whose root is firmly fixed and its branches [high] in the sky?

使者啊!难道你不知道真主将认主独一的言辞——万物非主,唯有真主——比作一棵优良的树吗?它就像椰枣树,其根是深固的,吸收着美好的养分,其枝叶高耸入云,呼吸着清新的空气。

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تُؤۡتِيٓ أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينِۭ بِإِذۡنِ رَبِّهَاۗ وَيَضۡرِبُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡأَمۡثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ ٢٥

It produces its fruit all the time, by permission of its Lord. And Allāh presents examples for the people that perhaps they will be reminded.

这棵树凭主的许可时时结果,真主为世人列举了许多比喻,希望他们觉悟。

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وَمَثَلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٖ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ ٱجۡتُثَّتۡ مِن فَوۡقِ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ مَا لَهَا مِن قَرَارٖ ٢٦

And the example of a bad word is like a bad tree, uprooted from the surface of the earth, not having any stability.

一句恶言就像一棵恶劣的树被连根拔去,一点也不稳固,也不能长高,随后便枯死,被风吹去。悖信的言辞,其结果就是消失,悖信者的善功不会上升到真主那里。

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يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ بِٱلۡقَوۡلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَفِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۖ وَيُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَۚ وَيَفۡعَلُ ٱللَّهُ مَا يَشَآءُ ٢٧

Allāh keeps firm those who believe, with the firm word,1 in worldly life and in the Hereafter.2 And Allāh sends astray the wrongdoers. And Allāh does what He wills.

真主在今世生活、在坟墓的拷问及复活日以坚定的言辞使信道者坚信,直到他们带着信仰归真。真主使不义者因以物配主和否认真主而迷误。真主以祂的公正使祂所意欲者迷误,以祂的恩惠使祂所意欲者获得正道,谁也不能强迫真主。

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۞ أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ بَدَّلُواْ نِعۡمَتَ ٱللَّهِ كُفۡرٗا وَأَحَلُّواْ قَوۡمَهُمۡ دَارَ ٱلۡبَوَارِ ٢٨

Have you not considered those who exchanged the favor of Allāh for disbelief1 and settled their people [in] the home of ruin?

你确已看到了那些否认真主和使者的古莱氏人,他们否认真主的恩典,不信真主降示的启示;他们忽视了真主在禁地赐予他们的安宁和派遣穆罕默德作为使者,他们使追随他们的人处于毁灭之地。

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جَهَنَّمَ يَصۡلَوۡنَهَاۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡقَرَارُ ٢٩

[It is] Hell, which they will [enter to] burn, and wretched is the settlement.

毁灭之地就是火狱,他们将进入其中,遭受火刑,他们的归宿真糟糕。

14:30Page 259

وَجَعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ أَندَادٗا لِّيُضِلُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦۗ قُلۡ تَمَتَّعُواْ فَإِنَّ مَصِيرَكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِ ٣٠

And they have attributed to Allāh equals to mislead [people] from His way. Say, "Enjoy yourselves, for indeed, your destination is the Fire."

以物配主者为真主树立匹敌,以便使人们背离真主的道路。使者啊!你对他们说:“你们在今世生活中享受吧,误导人吧!在复活日,你们将进入火狱,这是你们唯一的归宿。”

14:31Page 259

قُل لِّعِبَادِيَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ يُقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُنفِقُواْ مِمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰهُمۡ سِرّٗا وَعَلَانِيَةٗ مِّن قَبۡلِ أَن يَأۡتِيَ يَوۡمٞ لَّا بَيۡعٞ فِيهِ وَلَا خِلَٰلٌ ٣١

[O Muḥammad], tell My servants who have believed to establish prayer and spend from what We have provided them, secretly and publicly, before a Day comes in which there will be no exchange [i.e., ransom], nor any friendships.

使者啊!你对信士们说:“你们当完美地履行拜功,你们义务和嘉仪地分舍真主所赐你们的恩典,在没有买卖,没有罚赎,没有友谊的日子来临之前,你们当分舍真主所赐你们的恩典,要么秘密地分舍,以避免沽名钓誉;要么公开的分舍,以便他人仿效。”

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ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَأَنزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءٗ فَأَخۡرَجَ بِهِۦ مِنَ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ رِزۡقٗا لَّكُمۡۖ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡفُلۡكَ لِتَجۡرِيَ فِي ٱلۡبَحۡرِ بِأَمۡرِهِۦۖ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرَ ٣٢

It is Allāh who created the heavens and the earth and sent down rain from the sky and produced thereby some fruits as provision for you and subjected for you1 the ships to sail through the sea by His command and subjected for you the rivers.

真主创造天地,从云中降下雨水,借雨水生长出各种果实,作为你们的给养,为你们驯服船只,按照祂的预定在水上行驶;为你们驯服河流,你们得饮用其水,并让你们的牲畜饮用和灌溉庄稼。

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وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ دَآئِبَيۡنِۖ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلَّيۡلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ ٣٣

And He subjected for you the sun and the moon, continuous [in orbit], and subjected for you the night and the day.

祂为你们制服日月,使其长期运行;祂为你们制服昼夜,使其不断交替—夜晚供你们休息,白天供你们活动。

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وَءَاتَىٰكُم مِّن كُلِّ مَا سَأَلۡتُمُوهُۚ وَإِن تَعُدُّواْ نِعۡمَتَ ٱللَّهِ لَا تُحۡصُوهَآۗ إِنَّ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ لَظَلُومٞ كَفَّارٞ ٣٤

And He gave you from all you asked of Him.1 And if you should count the favor [i.e., blessings] of Allāh, you could not enumerate them. Indeed, mankind is [generally] most unjust and ungrateful.2

凡是你们要求的和未要求的,真主都赏赐了你们。如果你们统计真主的恩典,你们是无法估量的,因为它太多了。上面提到的,只是举例而已。人确是自欺欺人的,忘恩负义的。

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وَإِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمُ رَبِّ ٱجۡعَلۡ هَٰذَا ٱلۡبَلَدَ ءَامِنٗا وَٱجۡنُبۡنِي وَبَنِيَّ أَن نَّعۡبُدَ ٱلۡأَصۡنَامَ ٣٥

And [mention, O Muḥammad], when Abraham said, "My Lord, make this city [i.e., Makkah] secure and keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols.

使者啊!你当提到:当时,易卜拉欣让自己的儿子易司马仪和他的母亲哈杰尔居住在麦加山谷。他祈祷说:“主啊!求你使我的亲人所居的城市——麦加——成为安宁的地方,其中没有杀戮,也没有侵犯。求你使我和我的子孙远离偶像崇拜。

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رَبِّ إِنَّهُنَّ أَضۡلَلۡنَ كَثِيرٗا مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِۖ فَمَن تَبِعَنِي فَإِنَّهُۥ مِنِّيۖ وَمَنۡ عَصَانِي فَإِنَّكَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٣٦

My Lord, indeed they have led astray many among the people. So whoever follows me - then he is of me;1 and whoever disobeys me - indeed, You are [yet] Forgiving and Merciful.

主啊!偶像们确已使许多人迷误,他们认为偶像可以为他们说情,他们被迷惑了,他们舍真主而崇拜它们。人们中追随我,认主独一,服从真主的人,就是我的同道者;谁违抗我,不追随我,也不认主独一,不服从真主,你确是至恕的,你饶恕你所意欲者,你对他们是至慈的。

14:37Page 260

رَّبَّنَآ إِنِّيٓ أَسۡكَنتُ مِن ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيۡرِ ذِي زَرۡعٍ عِندَ بَيۡتِكَ ٱلۡمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ فَٱجۡعَلۡ أَفۡـِٔدَةٗ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ تَهۡوِيٓ إِلَيۡهِمۡ وَٱرۡزُقۡهُم مِّنَ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَشۡكُرُونَ ٣٧

Our Lord, I have settled some of my descendants in an uncultivated valley near Your sacred House, our Lord, that they may establish prayer. So make hearts among the people incline toward them and provide for them from the fruits that they might be grateful.

我们的主啊!我让我的一部分后裔——易司马仪的后裔——居住在一个没有庄稼和水的山谷,(即麦加)它就在你的禁地附近。我们的主啊!求你让他们谨守拜功,使人们依恋他们,向往这个地方,赐予他们各种果实,以便他们感谢你对他们的恩典。

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رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ تَعۡلَمُ مَا نُخۡفِي وَمَا نُعۡلِنُۗ وَمَا يَخۡفَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ مِن شَيۡءٖ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَا فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ ٣٨

Our Lord, indeed You know what we conceal and what we declare, and nothing is hidden from Allāh on the earth or in the heaven.

我们的主啊!你知道我们所隐讳的和表白的。天地间的任何事物都瞒不过真主,祂知道我们的需求。

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ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِي وَهَبَ لِي عَلَى ٱلۡكِبَرِ إِسۡمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسۡحَٰقَۚ إِنَّ رَبِّي لَسَمِيعُ ٱلدُّعَآءِ ٣٩

Praise to Allāh, who has granted to me in old age Ishmael and Isaac. Indeed, my Lord is the Hearer of supplication.

感谢真主,祂应答了我的祈祷,赐予了我清廉的子女—在我老迈时赐予我易司马仪和易司哈格。我的主确是听取祈祷的。

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رَبِّ ٱجۡعَلۡنِي مُقِيمَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِيۚ رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلۡ دُعَآءِ ٤٠

My Lord, make me an establisher of prayer, and [many] from my descendants. Our Lord, and accept my supplication.

主啊!求你使我谨守拜功,使我的部分后裔也谨守拜功。主啊!求你应答我的祈祷。

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رَبَّنَا ٱغۡفِرۡ لِي وَلِوَٰلِدَيَّ وَلِلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ يَوۡمَ يَقُومُ ٱلۡحِسَابُ ٤١

Our Lord, forgive me and my parents and the believers the Day the account is established."

我们的主啊!求你饶恕我的罪恶,饶恕我的双亲的罪恶(这是他在得知自己的父亲是真主的敌人之前说这番话的,之后,就与父亲划清了界线)。求你在复活日,人们在真主面前接受清算时饶恕信士们的罪恶。”

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وَلَا تَحۡسَبَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَٰفِلًا عَمَّا يَعۡمَلُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَۚ إِنَّمَا يُؤَخِّرُهُمۡ لِيَوۡمٖ تَشۡخَصُ فِيهِ ٱلۡأَبۡصَٰرُ ٤٢

And never think that Allāh is unaware of what the wrongdoers do. He only delays them [i.e., their account] for a Day when eyes will stare [in horror].

使者啊!你不要以为真主推迟惩罚不义者,是疏忽他们所犯的罪。不然,真主是全知的,任何事都瞒不过祂,祂只是将惩罚宽限至复活日。那一天,人们将因其恐惧而瞪眼。

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مُهۡطِعِينَ مُقۡنِعِي رُءُوسِهِمۡ لَا يَرۡتَدُّ إِلَيۡهِمۡ طَرۡفُهُمۡۖ وَأَفۡـِٔدَتُهُمۡ هَوَآءٞ ٤٣

Racing ahead, their heads raised up, their glance does not come back to them,1 and their hearts are void.

那一天,人们从坟墓中出来,迅速地奔向召唤者,他们抬起头,急躁地看着天空,他们不敢看自己,他们所看到的恐惧景象使他们目瞪口呆了,他们的心里一片空白,失去了理解和认知能力。

14:44Page 261

وَأَنذِرِ ٱلنَّاسَ يَوۡمَ يَأۡتِيهِمُ ٱلۡعَذَابُ فَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَخِّرۡنَآ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ قَرِيبٖ نُّجِبۡ دَعۡوَتَكَ وَنَتَّبِعِ ٱلرُّسُلَۗ أَوَلَمۡ تَكُونُوٓاْ أَقۡسَمۡتُم مِّن قَبۡلُ مَا لَكُم مِّن زَوَالٖ ٤٤

And, [O Muḥammad], warn the people of a Day when the punishment will come to them and those who did wrong will say, "Our Lord, delay us for a short term; we will answer Your call and follow the messengers." [But it will be said], "Had you not sworn, before, that for you there would be no cessation?1

使者啊!你当警告你的追随者,复活日真主的刑罚是严厉的。那时,不信真主,以物配主的不义者将说:“我们的主啊!求你宽限我们吧,求你推迟惩罚吧!求你让我们返回尘世,我们信仰你,追随你派遣的使者。”真主谴责他们说:“难道你们在今世生活中没有发誓说你们绝不会离开今世前往后世吗?你们曾否认死后的复活。”

14:45Page 261

وَسَكَنتُمۡ فِي مَسَٰكِنِ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوٓاْ أَنفُسَهُمۡ وَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمۡ كَيۡفَ فَعَلۡنَا بِهِمۡ وَضَرَبۡنَا لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَمۡثَالَ ٤٥

And you lived among the dwellings of those who wronged themselves, and it had become clear to you how We dealt with them. And We presented for you [many] examples."

你们曾居住在以前的那些自欺的民族的地方,如呼德的族人,萨利赫的族人。你们知道我毁灭了他们,我在经典中为你们打了很多比方,以便你们吸取教训,但你们却没有。

14:46Page 261

وَقَدۡ مَكَرُواْ مَكۡرَهُمۡ وَعِندَ ٱللَّهِ مَكۡرُهُمۡ وَإِن كَانَ مَكۡرُهُمۡ لِتَزُولَ مِنۡهُ ٱلۡجِبَالُ ٤٦

And they had planned their plan, but with Allāh is [recorded] their plan, even if their plan had been [sufficient] to do away with the mountains.1

这些族人密谋伤害先知穆罕默德,消灭他的宣教事业。真主知道他们的计谋,任何事都瞒不过他。这些人的计谋是脆弱的,它不能移动山岳,而真主的计谋是强大的。

14:47Page 261

فَلَا تَحۡسَبَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡلِفَ وَعۡدِهِۦ رُسُلَهُۥٓۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٞ ذُو ٱنتِقَامٖ ٤٧

So never think that Allāh will fail in His promise to His messengers. Indeed, Allāh is Exalted in Might and Owner of Retribution.1

使者啊!真主为他的使者应许了援助和胜利,你不要以为真主会爽约,真主是万能的,不可战胜的。祂将使祂的盟友高贵,祂将严厉地惩罚祂的敌人和众使者的敌人。

14:48Page 261

يَوۡمَ تُبَدَّلُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ غَيۡرَ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتُۖ وَبَرَزُواْ لِلَّهِ ٱلۡوَٰحِدِ ٱلۡقَهَّارِ ٤٨

[It will be] on the Day the earth will be replaced by another earth, and the heavens [as well], and they [i.e., all creatures] will come out before Allāh, the One, the Prevailing,

在复活日,否认者将遭到惩罚。大地要变成别的大地,诸天要变成别的诸天,人们带着自己的工作从坟墓中出来。真主是统治一切的,是不可战胜的。

14:49–50Page 261

وَتَرَى ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ يَوۡمَئِذٖ مُّقَرَّنِينَ فِي ٱلۡأَصۡفَادِ ٤٩

And you will see the criminals that Day bound together in irons,

سَرَابِيلُهُم مِّن قَطِرَانٖ وَتَغۡشَىٰ وُجُوهَهُمُ ٱلنَّارُ ٥٠

Their garments of liquid pitch and their faces covered by the Fire

使者啊!在天地改变的日子,你看看不信道者和以物配主者,他们带着桎梏,成双成对地被捆绑起来,他们穿的是沥青(是易燃的东西),火将笼罩他们的脸。

14:51Page 261

لِيَجۡزِيَ ٱللَّهُ كُلَّ نَفۡسٖ مَّا كَسَبَتۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلۡحِسَابِ ٥١

So that Allāh will recompense every soul for what it earned. Indeed, Allāh is swift in account.

以便真主根据每个人的善恶进行回报,真主是清算神速的。

14:52Page 261

هَٰذَا بَلَٰغٞ لِّلنَّاسِ وَلِيُنذَرُواْ بِهِۦ وَلِيَعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَٰهٞ وَٰحِدٞ وَلِيَذَّكَّرَ أُوْلُواْ ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ ٥٢

This [Qur’ān] is notification for the people that they may be warned thereby and that they may know that He is but one God and that those of understanding will be reminded.

降示给穆罕默德的这部《古兰经》是来自真主对世人的宣告,以便他们受到警告,以便他们知道,只有真主是应受崇拜的主,进而崇拜真主,不以物配主,以便有健全理智的人吸取教训,因为只有他们能从劝戒和教训中获益。

Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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