Al-MukhtasarAl‑Baqarah · 2:150–220

Al-Mukhtasar · Tafsir · in Chinese

Al-Baqarah 2:150–220

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وَمِنۡ حَيۡثُ خَرَجۡتَ فَوَلِّ وَجۡهَكَ شَطۡرَ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِۚ وَحَيۡثُ مَا كُنتُمۡ فَوَلُّواْ وُجُوهَكُمۡ شَطۡرَهُۥ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ حُجَّةٌ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ مِنۡهُمۡ فَلَا تَخۡشَوۡهُمۡ وَٱخۡشَوۡنِي وَلِأُتِمَّ نِعۡمَتِي عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّكُمۡ تَهۡتَدُونَ ١٥٠

And from wherever you go out [for prayer], turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Ḥarām. And wherever you [believers] may be, turn your faces toward it in order that the people will not have any argument against you, except for those of them who commit wrong; so fear them not but fear Me. And [it is] so I may complete My favor upon you and that you may be guided,

先知啊!你无论从哪里出去,如果想要礼拜就面向禁寺的方向;信士啊!无论你们置身何处,如果想要礼拜就面向先知的朝向,以免落人口实。惟他们中的不义之人除外,这些人仍会固执己见,并以更无稽的借口滋事。你们不要畏惧他们,你们应完成真主的命令、放弃真主的禁令,而只畏惧你们的养主。真主的确要求面向天房,并以此将你们与其它民族加以区分来完成对你们的恩典——引导你们面向人类最高贵的朝向。

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كَمَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَا فِيكُمۡ رَسُولٗا مِّنكُمۡ يَتۡلُواْ عَلَيۡكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِنَا وَيُزَكِّيكُمۡ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُم مَّا لَمۡ تَكُونُواْ تَعۡلَمُونَ ١٥١

Just as We have sent among you a messenger from yourselves reciting to you Our verses and purifying you and teaching you the Book and wisdom1 and teaching you that which you did not know.

同时,我还给予你们其它的恩典——我从你们当中选拔了使者,为你们宣读我的迹象;命令你们遵循优美的品德、禁止邪恶的丑事来熏陶净化你们;他教授你们《古兰经》和圣训,并教授你们在今世当中和宗教方面所不知道的知识。

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فَٱذۡكُرُونِيٓ أَذۡكُرۡكُمۡ وَٱشۡكُرُواْ لِي وَلَا تَكۡفُرُونِ ١٥٢

So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful to Me and do not deny Me.

因此你们应倾其身心地记念我。我会赞扬你们并保护你们,报酬是善功的一种。你们应感谢我所给予你们的恩典,不要否认和背叛我,不要做我所禁止之事。

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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱسۡتَعِينُواْ بِٱلصَّبۡرِ وَٱلصَّلَوٰةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ ١٥٣

O you who have believed, seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, Allāh is with the patient.

信道的人们啊!你们应凭借坚忍和礼拜来服从我,来顺服我的命令。的确,真主与坚忍者同在,祂会保护他们,佑助他们。

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وَلَا تَقُولُواْ لِمَن يُقۡتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ أَمۡوَٰتُۢۚ بَلۡ أَحۡيَآءٞ وَلَٰكِن لَّا تَشۡعُرُونَ ١٥٤

And do not say about those who are killed in the way of Allāh, "They are dead." Rather, they are alive, but you perceive [it] not.

信士啊!那些为主道被戕害的人,你们不要说他们已经死了,虽然,看起来他们像其他人一样去世了。其实,他们在其养主那里是活着的,但是你们未知他们的生活。因为这是一种只有通过真主的启示才能了解的特殊生活。

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وَلَنَبۡلُوَنَّكُم بِشَيۡءٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡخَوۡفِ وَٱلۡجُوعِ وَنَقۡصٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَمۡوَٰلِ وَٱلۡأَنفُسِ وَٱلثَّمَرَٰتِۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ ١٥٥

And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth and lives and fruits, but give good tidings to the patient,

我必以各种诸如些微的畏惧敌人、缺食少粮、艰苦营生、生命岌岌可危或为主道奋斗抑或是土地歉收等困难来考验你们。先知啊!你向坚忍者报喜,真主将在今后两世使他们容易。

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ٱلَّذِينَ إِذَآ أَصَٰبَتۡهُم مُّصِيبَةٞ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّآ إِلَيۡهِ رَٰجِعُونَ ١٥٦

Who, when disaster strikes them, say, "Indeed we belong to Allāh, and indeed to Him we will return."

他们如遇上述考验,欣然并服从的说:“我们归属于真主的王权之中,祂要求我们做祂所喜悦的任意之事,我们在后世必回归于祂。祂创造了我们,并给予了各种恩典,祂是我们的归宿,是一切事务的终结处。”

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أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ صَلَوَٰتٞ مِّن رَّبِّهِمۡ وَرَحۡمَةٞۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُهۡتَدُونَ ١٥٧

Those are the ones upon whom are blessings from their Lord and mercy. And it is those who are the [rightly] guided.

具有这些特性之人,他们会受到真主在众天使间对他们的褒奖,会得到真主的慈恩,这等人确是遵循正道之人。

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۞ إِنَّ ٱلصَّفَا وَٱلۡمَرۡوَةَ مِن شَعَآئِرِ ٱللَّهِۖ فَمَنۡ حَجَّ ٱلۡبَيۡتَ أَوِ ٱعۡتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِ أَن يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَاۚ وَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيۡرٗا فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ ١٥٨

Indeed, aṣ-Ṣafā and al-Marwah are among the symbols1 of Allāh. So whoever makes ḥajj [pilgrimage] to the House or performs ʿumrah - there is no blame upon him for walking between them.2 And whoever volunteers good - then indeed, Allāh is Appreciative3 and Knowing.

在天房附近的两座著名的山丘赛法和麦尔维,确是明显的标识。举行正朝或副朝之人,无妨游此两山。这里提到“无妨”,即为了让在两山之间奔走的穆斯林勿认为这是蒙昧时期的规定而心安。真主已表明奔走是朝觐功课之一,自愿行善者,真主会感谢他,接受他,报酬他。真主彻知一切善事并会以此嘉奖行善之人。

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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَكۡتُمُونَ مَآ أَنزَلۡنَا مِنَ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ وَٱلۡهُدَىٰ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا بَيَّنَّٰهُ لِلنَّاسِ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ يَلۡعَنُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَيَلۡعَنُهُمُ ٱللَّٰعِنُونَ ١٥٩

Indeed, those who conceal what We sent down of clear proofs and guidance after We made it clear for the people in the Scripture - those are cursed by Allāh and cursed by those who curse,1

隐讳了真主降示的有关证明穆圣使命正确性经文的犹太教徒和基督教徒,他们对真主给予人们的经典在其降示之后而将其隐讳。这等人,真主使他们远离恩典并弃绝他们,众天使、众使者和众世人都将会诅咒他们。

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إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ تَابُواْ وَأَصۡلَحُواْ وَبَيَّنُواْ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَأَنَا ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ١٦٠

Except for those who repent and correct themselves and make evident [what they concealed]. Those - I will accept their repentance, and I am the Accepting of Repentance,1 the Merciful.

除非后悔隐讳明显经文而重新回归真主之人,他们改正了自己内在和外在的行为,并公开所隐讳之真理。这等人,真主接受他们的顺服,真主是赦宥其仆人并怜悯他们的主宰。

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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَمَاتُواْ وَهُمۡ كُفَّارٌ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ لَعۡنَةُ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ وَٱلنَّاسِ أَجۡمَعِينَ ١٦١

Indeed, those who disbelieve and die while they are disbelievers - upon them will be the curse of Allāh and of the angels and the people, all together,

终身不信道以及在临死前都未信道者,这等人,必受真主的诅咒,必遭真主仁慈的弃绝,他们必受天使和人类的诅咒,使他们遭受真主仁慈的弃绝和远离。

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خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنۡهُمُ ٱلۡعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمۡ يُنظَرُونَ ١٦٢

Abiding eternally therein. The punishment will not be lightened for them, nor will they be reprieved.

受到这种诅咒之人,他们的惩罚一丝都不会减少,也不会蒙获一天的减刑,他们将永居火狱之中。

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وَإِلَٰهُكُمۡ إِلَٰهٞ وَٰحِدٞۖ لَّآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ١٦٣

And your god is one God. There is no deity [worthy of worship] except Him, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

人们啊!你们的主是独一的真主,祂在本体和属性上都是独立的,除祂外再无应受崇拜的,祂是具有广泛的、仁慈的至仁主、至慈主,祂给予众仆不计其数的恩典。

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إِنَّ فِي خَلۡقِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱخۡتِلَٰفِ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ وَٱلۡفُلۡكِ ٱلَّتِي تَجۡرِي فِي ٱلۡبَحۡرِ بِمَا يَنفَعُ ٱلنَّاسَ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مِن مَّآءٖ فَأَحۡيَا بِهِ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ دَآبَّةٖ وَتَصۡرِيفِ ٱلرِّيَٰحِ وَٱلسَّحَابِ ٱلۡمُسَخَّرِ بَيۡنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡقِلُونَ ١٦٤

Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the [great] ships which sail through the sea with that which benefits people, and what Allāh has sent down from the heavens of rain, giving life thereby to the earth after its lifelessness and dispersing therein every [kind of] moving creature, and [His] directing of the winds and the clouds controlled between the heaven and earth are signs for a people who use reason.

的确,天、地的创造及其间包含的各种奇迹——昼夜的交替;大海上运行着满载有益于人类的食物、衣物、货物以及其他人们所需之物的船只;真主从天空中降下雨水,借它而使已死的大地复生,生长出各种作物和粮食,使各种生物得以繁衍生息;风向的转变;天地间受制的云,所有这一切都是确凿的证据,为那些了解理由,理解证据和论证的人们,确定了清高真主的独一性。

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وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَتَّخِذُ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَندَادٗا يُحِبُّونَهُمۡ كَحُبِّ ٱللَّهِۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَشَدُّ حُبّٗا لِّلَّهِۗ وَلَوۡ يَرَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوٓاْ إِذۡ يَرَوۡنَ ٱلۡعَذَابَ أَنَّ ٱلۡقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعٗا وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعَذَابِ ١٦٥

And [yet], among the people are those who take other than Allāh as equals [to Him]. They love them as they [should] love Allāh. But those who believe are stronger in love for Allāh. And if only they who have wronged would consider [that] when they see the punishment, [they will be certain] that all power belongs to Allāh and that Allāh is severe in punishment.

尽管有这些明证,但是还有人在真主之外另有崇拜。他们将那些被崇拜之物作为真主的匹敌,他们似崇敬真主那样崇敬这些事物。至于信道者,他们崇敬真主胜于一切,并且不以物配主,他们在容易和困难时都崇敬真主。至于那些人,他们在容易时崇敬自己的崇拜物,只在困难时祈求真主。如果不义之人在后世里看到自己的以物配主行为以及所犯下的滔天大罪,当他们见证自己的惩罚时,他们就会知道一切的权力只属于真主,真主对于悖逆之人是严惩的。如果他们看到这些,就不会以物配主了。

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إِذۡ تَبَرَّأَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتُّبِعُواْ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُواْ وَرَأَوُاْ ٱلۡعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتۡ بِهِمُ ٱلۡأَسۡبَابُ ١٦٦

[And they should consider that] when those who have been followed disassociate themselves from those who followed [them], and they [all] see the punishment, and cut off from them are the ties [of relationship],

当被追随的领袖看到后世严厉的刑罚,与追随他们的弱者撇清关系之时,就割断了对他们的一切救援与援助。

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وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُواْ لَوۡ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةٗ فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنۡهُمۡ كَمَا تَبَرَّءُواْ مِنَّاۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ ٱللَّهُ أَعۡمَٰلَهُمۡ حَسَرَٰتٍ عَلَيۡهِمۡۖ وَمَا هُم بِخَٰرِجِينَ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ ١٦٧

Those who followed will say, "If only we had another turn [at worldly life] so we could disassociate ourselves from them as they have disassociated themselves from us." Thus will Allāh show them their deeds as regrets upon them. And they are never to emerge from the Fire.

弱者对被追随的领袖说:“但愿我们能重返今世,我们会像你们撇清我们那样与你们断交。”同样,真主在后世会让他们看到严厉的惩罚——他们因跟错人而受到的惩罚,他们悔恨交加,他们必将永居火狱之中。

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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ كُلُواْ مِمَّا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ حَلَٰلٗا طَيِّبٗا وَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ خُطُوَٰتِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَكُمۡ عَدُوّٞ مُّبِينٌ ١٦٨

O mankind, eat from whatever is on earth [that is] lawful and good and do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy.

人们啊!你们可以吃大地上所有合法的、佳美的动物和植物。但不要追随恶魔的脚步,他是你们明显的敌人。有理智之人不应追随意图伤害或误导自己的敌人。

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إِنَّمَا يَأۡمُرُكُم بِٱلسُّوٓءِ وَٱلۡفَحۡشَآءِ وَأَن تَقُولُواْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ ١٦٩

He only orders you to evil and immorality and to say about Allāh what you do not know.

恶魔只会以罪恶和丑事命令你们,他要求你们假借真主的名义说出一些你们对真主或其使者并不了解的事情。

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وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ ٱتَّبِعُواْ مَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ قَالُواْ بَلۡ نَتَّبِعُ مَآ أَلۡفَيۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ ءَابَآءَنَآۚ أَوَلَوۡ كَانَ ءَابَآؤُهُمۡ لَا يَعۡقِلُونَ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَا يَهۡتَدُونَ ١٧٠

And when it is said to them, "Follow what Allāh has revealed," they say, "Rather, we will follow that which we found our fathers doing." Even though their fathers understood nothing, nor were they guided?

如果劝诫不信道者说:“你们遵从真主降示的明证和光明吧!”他们便会固执己见地说:“我们遵从祖辈的遗教。”他们盲目的遵从祖辈,即使其祖辈无知无识,即使他们没有信仰真主喜悦的正教?!

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وَمَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ كَمَثَلِ ٱلَّذِي يَنۡعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسۡمَعُ إِلَّا دُعَآءٗ وَنِدَآءٗۚ صُمُّۢ بُكۡمٌ عُمۡيٞ فَهُمۡ لَا يَعۡقِلُونَ ١٧١

The example of those who disbelieve is like that of one who shouts at what hears nothing but calls and cries [i.e., cattle or sheep] - deaf, dumb and blind, so they do not understand.

不信道者遵从自己的祖辈,就像牧羊人呼喊他的羊群。羊群听得见牧羊人的声音,却不明白其意。他们是聋的,听不到有益于自己的真理;是哑的,无法转动舌头说出真理;是瞎的,因此,他们不能理解你所号召他们的正道。

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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُلُواْ مِن طَيِّبَٰتِ مَا رَزَقۡنَٰكُمۡ وَٱشۡكُرُواْ لِلَّهِ إِن كُنتُمۡ إِيَّاهُ تَعۡبُدُونَ ١٧٢

O you who have believed, eat from the good [i.e., lawful] things which We have provided for you and be grateful to Allāh if it is [indeed] Him that you worship.

信仰真主、追随穆圣的信士啊!你们可以吃真主给予你们的合法的佳美食物。你们应内外兼备的感谢真主恩赐予你们的各种恩典。你们应遵从真主命令、放弃真主禁令的真正的崇拜独一的真主,以此来表达对真主的感谢。

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إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡمَيۡتَةَ وَٱلدَّمَ وَلَحۡمَ ٱلۡخِنزِيرِ وَمَآ أُهِلَّ بِهِۦ لِغَيۡرِ ٱللَّهِۖ فَمَنِ ٱضۡطُرَّ غَيۡرَ بَاغٖ وَلَا عَادٖ فَلَآ إِثۡمَ عَلَيۡهِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٌ ١٧٣

He has only forbidden to you dead animals,1 blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allāh. But whoever is forced [by necessity], neither desiring [it] nor transgressing [its limit], there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

真主禁止你们食非伊斯兰屠宰方式宰杀的动物、流动的血液、猪肉以及未诵真主之名宰杀的动物;凡为势所迫,非出自愿,且不过分的行为,真主不追究也不惩罚其罪过;真主原谅向祂忏悔之人,并特慈他们。祂的特慈包括宽恕为势所迫而食禁物的行为。

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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَكۡتُمُونَ مَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَيَشۡتَرُونَ بِهِۦ ثَمَنٗا قَلِيلًا أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ مَا يَأۡكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمۡ إِلَّا ٱلنَّارَ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمۡ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ١٧٤

Indeed, they who conceal what Allāh has sent down of the Book and exchange it for a small price - those consume not into their bellies except the Fire. And Allāh will not speak to them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He purify them. And they will have a painful punishment.

隐讳真主降示的经典,并隐讳其中证明穆圣(愿主福安之)使命身份的经文之人就如犹太教徒和基督教徒的行径一样。他们为了换取权力、名誉或钱财而以隐讳经典作为廉价之交易。这等人食入腹中的就是遭受火狱惩罚的原因,在后世,真主不与他们谈他们所喜之事,而是谈他们所害怕之事。真主不净化他们,不赞扬他们,他们将受到严厉的刑罚。

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أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱشۡتَرَوُاْ ٱلضَّلَٰلَةَ بِٱلۡهُدَىٰ وَٱلۡعَذَابَ بِٱلۡمَغۡفِرَةِۚ فَمَآ أَصۡبَرَهُمۡ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ ١٧٥

Those are the ones who have exchanged guidance for error and forgiveness for punishment. How patient they are for [i.e., in pursuit of] the Fire!

这等为了今世所需而隐讳经典之人,他们隐讳真知,以正道换取迷误,以真主的赦宥换取其惩罚,他们真是无法抗拒能诱惑其身陷入火狱的行为啊!他们胆大妄为就好像对火狱的刑罚毫无忌惮似的。

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ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ نَزَّلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ بِٱلۡحَقِّۗ وَإِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لَفِي شِقَاقِۭ بَعِيدٖ ١٧٦

That is [deserved by them] because Allāh has sent down the Book in truth. And indeed, those who differ over the Book are in extreme dissension.

这就是隐讳经典和真知的后果。因为真主已降示了包含真理的经典,应去宣扬而非隐讳。的确,违背经典之人,他们信仰一部分经典而隐讳另一部分,他们确已陷入背离真理之中。

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۞ لَّيۡسَ ٱلۡبِرَّ أَن تُوَلُّواْ وُجُوهَكُمۡ قِبَلَ ٱلۡمَشۡرِقِ وَٱلۡمَغۡرِبِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱلۡبِرَّ مَنۡ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ وَٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ وَءَاتَى ٱلۡمَالَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِۦ ذَوِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينَ وَٱبۡنَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَٱلسَّآئِلِينَ وَفِي ٱلرِّقَابِ وَأَقَامَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَى ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَٱلۡمُوفُونَ بِعَهۡدِهِمۡ إِذَا عَٰهَدُواْۖ وَٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ فِي ٱلۡبَأۡسَآءِ وَٱلضَّرَّآءِ وَحِينَ ٱلۡبَأۡسِۗ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ صَدَقُواْۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُتَّقُونَ ١٧٧

Righteousness is not that you turn your faces toward the east or the west, but [true] righteousness is [in] one who believes in Allāh, the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets and gives wealth, in spite of love for it, to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveler, those who ask [for help], and for freeing slaves; [and who] establishes prayer and gives zakāh; [those who] fulfill their promise when they promise; and [those who] are patient in poverty and hardship and during battle. Those are the ones who have been true, and it is those who are the righteous.

真主满意的正义不是只将脸转向东方、西方或是其它任何方向,而应是信仰真主独一;信仰后世;信仰一切的天使;信仰降示的一切经典;一视同仁地信仰所有的先知们,并将所喜爱所珍惜的财产施济于近亲、孤儿、所需者、远离家乡的异乡人以及乞丐;释放奴隶和战俘;园满地完成拜功;交纳应交付的天课;履行诺言;忍受穷困、患难和疾病,不临阵脱逃。具有这等品质之人,他们在信仰和行为上践行对真主的忠贞。这等人,他们是顺从真主命令,放弃真主禁令的敬畏之人。

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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡقِصَاصُ فِي ٱلۡقَتۡلَىۖ ٱلۡحُرُّ بِٱلۡحُرِّ وَٱلۡعَبۡدُ بِٱلۡعَبۡدِ وَٱلۡأُنثَىٰ بِٱلۡأُنثَىٰۚ فَمَنۡ عُفِيَ لَهُۥ مِنۡ أَخِيهِ شَيۡءٞ فَٱتِّبَاعُۢ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ وَأَدَآءٌ إِلَيۡهِ بِإِحۡسَٰنٖۗ ذَٰلِكَ تَخۡفِيفٞ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ وَرَحۡمَةٞۗ فَمَنِ ٱعۡتَدَىٰ بَعۡدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَهُۥ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ ١٧٨

O you who have believed, prescribed for you is legal retribution for those murdered - the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female.1 But whoever overlooks from his brother [i.e., the killer] anything,2 then there should be a suitable follow-up and payment to him [i.e., the deceased's heir or legal representative] with good conduct. This is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy. But whoever transgresses after that3 will have a painful punishment.

信仰真主、追随其使者的信士啊!今已为你们制定出故意或无意杀人抵罪的教律,即自由人抵偿自由人,奴隶抵偿奴隶,妇女抵偿妇女。如果被杀者在临死之前宽赦或其监护人宽赦并接受赎金——凶手得到宽赦应给付被害人一方一笔钱财。对于被杀者一方应按照常规提出合理的赎金,而杀人方应及时并妥善的依礼給予赔偿。这种给予宽赦和接受补偿的方式,是真主对你们痛苦的减轻和对该民族的仁慈。在宽赦和接受赎金之后,谁若再有意伤害凶手,那么他将受到真主严厉的刑罚。

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وَلَكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡقِصَاصِ حَيَوٰةٞ يَٰٓأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُونَ ١٧٩

And there is for you in legal retribution [saving of] life, O you [people] of understanding, that you may become righteous.1

你们在真主制定的律法中获得新生,既保护了你们的生命,又消除了你们之间的敌意。敬畏真主的有理智之人就会知道,应当遵从真主的律法并按照其命令去做。

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كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ إِن تَرَكَ خَيۡرًا ٱلۡوَصِيَّةُ لِلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبِينَ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۖ حَقًّا عَلَى ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ١٨٠

Prescribed for you when death approaches [any] one of you if he leaves wealth [is that he should make] a bequest for the parents and near relatives according to what is acceptable - a duty upon the righteous.1

当你们中任何人濒临死亡,真主为你们规定:如果留下大量遗产,当按照教律给予其双亲或近亲不超过三分之一的遗产,对于敬畏真主之人这是应尽的责任。这个规定是在降示关于遗产的经文之前而制定的,当有关遗产的经文降示后,谁应予以继承遗产,以及应继承的额度确已说明。

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فَمَنۢ بَدَّلَهُۥ بَعۡدَ مَا سَمِعَهُۥ فَإِنَّمَآ إِثۡمُهُۥ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُۥٓۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ١٨١

Then whoever alters it [i.e., the bequest] after he has heard it - the sin is only upon those who have altered it. Indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.

闻遗嘱之后,谁或多或少的更改遗嘱或加以阻止,谁就应负更改之责。的确,真主是全听仆民的言语,全知仆民的行为,不会忽视他们任何状况的。

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فَمَنۡ خَافَ مِن مُّوصٖ جَنَفًا أَوۡ إِثۡمٗا فَأَصۡلَحَ بَيۡنَهُمۡ فَلَآ إِثۡمَ عَلَيۡهِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١٨٢

But if one fears from the bequeather [some] error or sin and corrects that which is between them [i.e., the concerned parties], there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

若恐立遗嘱者偏袒或枉法,那么纠正遗嘱者的过失、调解遗嘱分歧之人的行为,不仅毫无罪过而且其调解行为还应受到嘉奖。真主是赦宥其仆人并怜悯他们的主宰。

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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُونَ ١٨٣

O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous -

信仰真主追随其使者的信士啊!斋戒是来自于你们养主的定制,犹如它曾为前人的定制一样。你们应以善功和其最重要的斋戒来作为你们免遭惩罚的保障,你们以此来敬畏真主。

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أَيَّامٗا مَّعۡدُودَٰتٖۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٖ فَعِدَّةٞ مِّنۡ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۚ وَعَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُۥ فِدۡيَةٞ طَعَامُ مِسۡكِينٖۖ فَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيۡرٗا فَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّهُۥۚ وَأَن تَصُومُواْ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ١٨٤

[Fasting for] a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] - then an equal number of other days [are to be made up]. And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. And whoever volunteers good [i.e., excess] - it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew.

故你们应在每年斋戒若干日。你们中有谁害病无法斋戒或旅行在外,他可以不斋戒,之后当依所欠的天数补斋。对于难以斋戒者应按天数交纳罚赎,即将以一天的饭食施给一个贫民。如果你们知道斋戒中的益处,那么你们就清楚斋戒胜于不封斋和交纳罚赎。真主制定的第一项律法就是斋戒。那时,谁愿意斋戒即斋戒,谁愿意不封斋交纳罚赎亦可。之后,真主命令必须斋戒,祂要求每个成年者、有能力者必须斋戒。

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شَهۡرُ رَمَضَانَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أُنزِلَ فِيهِ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ هُدٗى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَٰتٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡهُدَىٰ وَٱلۡفُرۡقَانِۚ فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ ٱلشَّهۡرَ فَلۡيَصُمۡهُۖ وَمَن كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٖ فَعِدَّةٞ مِّنۡ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۗ يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ بِكُمُ ٱلۡيُسۡرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ ٱلۡعُسۡرَ وَلِتُكۡمِلُواْ ٱلۡعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُواْ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَىٰكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ ١٨٥

The month of Ramaḍān [is that] in which was revealed the Qur’ān, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the crescent of] the month,1 let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allāh intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allāh for that [to] which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful.

赖买丹月中真主为穆圣(愿主福安之)在“高贵之夜”降示了《古兰经》,真主以其指导世人,昭示明证,分辨真伪。故在此月中,任何一位身体健康的居家者都应该斋戒;无法斋戒的害病者或旅行之人可以不斋戒,当依所欠的天数补斋。真主要你们便利,不要你们困难。你们完成整月的斋戒,你们在斋月结束之日和开斋节当日赞颂真主,感谢祂佑助你们完成了斋戒,完美了斋月。但愿你们感谢真主把你们引领在祂所喜悦的这个宗教上。

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وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌۖ أُجِيبُ دَعۡوَةَ ٱلدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِۖ فَلۡيَسۡتَجِيبُواْ لِي وَلۡيُؤۡمِنُواْ بِي لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡشُدُونَ ١٨٦

And when My servants ask you, [O Muḥammad], concerning Me - indeed I am near. I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided.

先知啊!如果我的仆人询问我的位置和应答他们祈祷的问题,你就告诉他们,我确是临近的,确知他们的情况,听得到他们的祈祷。他们无需媒介,也不必高声。如果虔诚的祈求,我确是答应祈祷者的祈求的。让他们服从我,服从我的命令,让他们坚定信仰,那是使我应答其祈祷的最有效的方法。但愿他们在宗教和今世事务上遵循正道。

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أُحِلَّ لَكُمۡ لَيۡلَةَ ٱلصِّيَامِ ٱلرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَآئِكُمۡۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٞ لَّكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لِبَاسٞ لَّهُنَّۗ عَلِمَ ٱللَّهُ أَنَّكُمۡ كُنتُمۡ تَخۡتَانُونَ أَنفُسَكُمۡ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَعَفَا عَنكُمۡۖ فَٱلۡـَٰٔنَ بَٰشِرُوهُنَّ وَٱبۡتَغُواْ مَا كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡۚ وَكُلُواْ وَٱشۡرَبُواْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡخَيۡطُ ٱلۡأَبۡيَضُ مِنَ ٱلۡخَيۡطِ ٱلۡأَسۡوَدِ مِنَ ٱلۡفَجۡرِۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّواْ ٱلصِّيَامَ إِلَى ٱلَّيۡلِۚ وَلَا تُبَٰشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنتُمۡ عَٰكِفُونَ فِي ٱلۡمَسَٰجِدِۗ تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَقۡرَبُوهَاۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَّقُونَ ١٨٧

It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]. They are a clothing for you and you are a clothing1 for them. Allāh knows that you used to deceive yourselves,2 so He accepted your repentance and forgave you. So now, have relations with them and seek that which Allāh has decreed for you [i.e., offspring]. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the night [i.e., sunset]. And do not have relations with them as long as you are staying for worship in the mosques. These are the limits [set by] Allāh, so do not approach them. Thus does Allāh make clear His verses [i.e., ordinances] to the people that they may become righteous.

规定斋戒的初期,男子如果在斋月的夜间睡觉,黎明之前醒来时禁止吃饮或房事。后来,真主废除了此项规定。信士啊!真主允许你们在斋月的夜晚与你们的妇女交合。因为她们是你们的遮蔽物并纯洁你们,你们是她们的遮蔽物并纯洁她们,你们相互依赖。真主已知道你们自欺而做下祂所禁止之事,祂宽恕了你们,原谅并减轻你们的罪过。现在,你们和她们交合吧,并祈求真主赐予你们后代。你们在斋月的夜晚吃吧、喝吧,直到黎明时、白昼和黑夜截然地划分清之时。之后,你们完成斋戒,从黎明到黄昏禁止一切违禁之事。当你们在清真寺坐静时,不要与妇女交合,因为那样会使坐静无效。上述律法是合法与非法的界限,你们不要僭越;谁接近真主律法的底线,就可能会做出非法之事。真主已为世人清晰明了的辨明了这些法度,但愿人们以敬畏真主而遵循真主命令,放弃真主禁令。

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وَلَا تَأۡكُلُوٓاْ أَمۡوَٰلَكُم بَيۡنَكُم بِٱلۡبَٰطِلِ وَتُدۡلُواْ بِهَآ إِلَى ٱلۡحُكَّامِ لِتَأۡكُلُواْ فَرِيقٗا مِّنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلۡإِثۡمِ وَأَنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ١٨٨

And do not consume one another's wealth unjustly or send it [in bribery] to the rulers in order that [they might aid] you [to] consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know [it is unlawful].

你们不要非法侵蚀他人财产,如偷盗、抢劫和欺骗。你们不要以强抢他人的财产为目的而贿赂官吏,你们确是知道真主禁止这样。明知故犯是最可恶的行为,会受到最严厉的刑罚。

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۞ يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلۡأَهِلَّةِۖ قُلۡ هِيَ مَوَٰقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَٱلۡحَجِّۗ وَلَيۡسَ ٱلۡبِرُّ بِأَن تَأۡتُواْ ٱلۡبُيُوتَ مِن ظُهُورِهَا وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱلۡبِرَّ مَنِ ٱتَّقَىٰۗ وَأۡتُواْ ٱلۡبُيُوتَ مِنۡ أَبۡوَٰبِهَاۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ ١٨٩

They ask you, [O Muḥammad], about the crescent moons. Say, "They are measurements of time for the people and for ḥajj [pilgrimage]." And it is not righteousness to enter houses from the back, but righteousness is [in] one who fears Allāh. And enter houses from their doors. And fear Allāh that you may succeed.

先知啊!他们询问你有关新月的形成和变化情况,你告诉他们相关的道理——新月是人们的时计。通过新月人们可以知道一些善功的时间:如朝觐、斋戒和天课满一年的时间;可以知道交易中的时间:如确定债务期限等。正义绝不是当你们为正朝或副朝受戒从房屋后面进入——就像你们在蒙昧时期所妄言的那样。真正的正义是身心内外皆敬畏真主。你们从大门进入屋内,对于你们会更容易些,因为真主并不责成你们犯难。你们以善功而祈求免遭真主的惩罚,但愿你们获得心中所想,避免心中所畏惧之事。

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وَقَٰتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمۡ وَلَا تَعۡتَدُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُعۡتَدِينَ ١٩٠

Fight in the way of Allāh those who fight against you but do not transgress. Indeed, Allāh does not like transgressors.

你们应该因为真主而与阻碍其宗教的不信道者征战,你们不要杀害儿童、妇女、老人或制造出类似厮杀等状况而僭越真主的法度。的确,真主不喜欢过分之人。

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وَٱقۡتُلُوهُمۡ حَيۡثُ ثَقِفۡتُمُوهُمۡ وَأَخۡرِجُوهُم مِّنۡ حَيۡثُ أَخۡرَجُوكُمۡۚ وَٱلۡفِتۡنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ ٱلۡقَتۡلِۚ وَلَا تُقَٰتِلُوهُمۡ عِندَ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ حَتَّىٰ يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ فِيهِۖ فَإِن قَٰتَلُوكُمۡ فَٱقۡتُلُوهُمۡۗ كَذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ١٩١

And kill them [in battle] wherever you overtake them and expel them from wherever they have expelled you, and fitnah1 is worse than killing. And do not fight them at al-Masjid al-Ḥarām until they fight you there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers.

你们在哪里遇见他们,就在那里杀戮他们。你们将他们从原来驱逐你们的地方驱逐出去,那地方就是麦加。阻碍信士信仰宗教或迫使他们回归到不信道的迫害比杀戮更残酷。为了表达对真主的敬意,你们勿在禁寺附近厮杀,直到他们在那里进攻你们。如果他们先在禁寺里进攻你们,你们就当反击。类似这种报偿——如果他们在禁寺内进攻,那就杀戮他们,这就是不信道者的下场。

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فَإِنِ ٱنتَهَوۡاْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١٩٢

And if they cease, then indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

如果他们停止杀戮你们,你们也应停战。的确,真主赦宥忏悔之人,不计前嫌;真主怜悯他们,不算后账。

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وَقَٰتِلُوهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ لَا تَكُونَ فِتۡنَةٞ وَيَكُونَ ٱلدِّينُ لِلَّهِۖ فَإِنِ ٱنتَهَوۡاْ فَلَا عُدۡوَٰنَ إِلَّا عَلَى ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ١٩٣

Fight them until there is no [more] fitnah and [until] religion [i.e., worship] is [acknowledged to be] for Allāh. But if they cease, then there is to be no aggression [i.e., assault] except against the oppressors.

你们征战不信道者直到他们放弃伪信、放弃阻碍人们信仰,再也不背叛真主,明确的宗教就是真主的宗教。如果他们结束不信并结束阻碍真主的道路,那么你们就应停止对他们杀戮。除不信道和阻碍真主道路的不义之人外,你们绝不要侵犯任何人。

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ٱلشَّهۡرُ ٱلۡحَرَامُ بِٱلشَّهۡرِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ وَٱلۡحُرُمَٰتُ قِصَاصٞۚ فَمَنِ ٱعۡتَدَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَٱعۡتَدُواْ عَلَيۡهِ بِمِثۡلِ مَا ٱعۡتَدَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ١٩٤

[Battle in] the sacred month is for [aggression committed in] the sacred month,1 and for [all] violations is legal retribution. So whoever has assaulted you, then assault him in the same way that he has assaulted you. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is with those who fear Him.

真主使你们在伊历七年的禁月里进入禁寺完成了副朝,来抵偿伊历六年以物配主者曾在禁月内阻碍你们进入禁寺的折损。不可侵犯之事——禁地、禁月和受戒,真主对于过分者都有抵偿。谁侵犯了你们,你们如法炮制,但不要过分。的确,真主不喜欢过分之人。你们应在真主允许的事情上敬畏真主,你们应知道真主与敬畏者同在,并会援助和支持他们。

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وَأَنفِقُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا تُلۡقُواْ بِأَيۡدِيكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلتَّهۡلُكَةِ وَأَحۡسِنُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٩٥

And spend in the way of Allāh and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allāh loves the doers of good.

你们当顺从真主为主道而施舍,你们不要自取灭亡——放弃为主道奋斗和付出,或将自身置于自我毁灭之中。你们应完美自己的善功、态度和品德。的确,真主喜欢行善之人,他会加倍回赐行善之人,并佑助他们走上正道。

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وَأَتِمُّواْ ٱلۡحَجَّ وَٱلۡعُمۡرَةَ لِلَّهِۚ فَإِنۡ أُحۡصِرۡتُمۡ فَمَا ٱسۡتَيۡسَرَ مِنَ ٱلۡهَدۡيِۖ وَلَا تَحۡلِقُواْ رُءُوسَكُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡلُغَ ٱلۡهَدۡيُ مَحِلَّهُۥۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوۡ بِهِۦٓ أَذٗى مِّن رَّأۡسِهِۦ فَفِدۡيَةٞ مِّن صِيَامٍ أَوۡ صَدَقَةٍ أَوۡ نُسُكٖۚ فَإِذَآ أَمِنتُمۡ فَمَن تَمَتَّعَ بِٱلۡعُمۡرَةِ إِلَى ٱلۡحَجِّ فَمَا ٱسۡتَيۡسَرَ مِنَ ٱلۡهَدۡيِۚ فَمَن لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَٰثَةِ أَيَّامٖ فِي ٱلۡحَجِّ وَسَبۡعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعۡتُمۡۗ تِلۡكَ عَشَرَةٞ كَامِلَةٞۗ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن لَّمۡ يَكُنۡ أَهۡلُهُۥ حَاضِرِي ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ١٩٦

And complete the ḥajj and ʿumrah for Allāh. But if you are prevented, then [offer] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal has reached its place of slaughter. And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head [making shaving necessary must offer] a ransom of fasting [three days] or charity1 or sacrifice.2 And when you are secure,3 then whoever performs ʿumrah [during the ḥajj months]4 followed by ḥajj [offers] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And whoever cannot find [or afford such an animal] - then a fast of three days during ḥajj and of seven when you have returned [home]. Those are ten complete [days]. This is for those whose family is not in the area of al-Masjid al-Ḥarām. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is severe in penalty.

你们为寻求真主的喜悦而完美正、副朝。如果你们因疾病和敌人等原因被困,无法完成朝觐,那么你们应宰杀一头易得的牺牲品——骆驼、牛或羊来开戒。你们不要剃头或打短头发,直到你们的牺牲到达其定所。如果你们被阻,无法抵达禁寺,那么就在被阻之地宰牲;如果能够抵达,那么就在宰牲日或之后的晒干肉日宰牲。如果你们中有人生病或患头疾,如头上长有虱子等,那么,他可以剃头,并无过失,但他应为此而罚赎,要么缴纳罚赎、斋戒三日、施舍给六名禁寺内的贫民一餐饭、或宰一只羊将肉施舍给穷人。凡在朝觐的月份平安的完成了副朝,受戒期间避免一切开戒事项,之后在同一年为正朝而受戒之人,每个人都应当献一只易得的羊或七人合献一头骆驼或牛。凡不能献牲的,都应当在正朝期间斋戒三日,归家后斋戒七日,以总计十日的斋戒来替代献牲。凡履行享受朝之人应宰牲。凡非麦加人或麦加附近居住的无法献牲之人应斋戒。他们无须履行享受朝,他们人在麦加,只须完成巡游天房的功课而无须在副朝之后完成正朝。你们遵循教法而敬畏真主,你们当知道真主的刑罚对于违背其命令之人是严厉的。

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ٱلۡحَجُّ أَشۡهُرٞ مَّعۡلُومَٰتٞۚ فَمَن فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ ٱلۡحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي ٱلۡحَجِّۗ وَمَا تَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ يَعۡلَمۡهُ ٱللَّهُۗ وَتَزَوَّدُواْ فَإِنَّ خَيۡرَ ٱلزَّادِ ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰۖ وَٱتَّقُونِ يَٰٓأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ ١٩٧

Ḥajj is [during] well-known months,1 so whoever has made ḥajj obligatory upon himself therein [by entering the state of iḥrām], there is [to be for him] no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during ḥajj. And whatever good you do - Allāh knows it. And take provisions, but indeed, the best provision is fear of Allāh. And fear Me, O you of understanding.

朝觐的月份,是几个可知的月份。从伊历十月开始,截止于伊历十二月十日。凡在这几个月内决计朝觐并受戒之人,应戒除交合和性行为。特别强调的是,禁止做一切有违真主命令之事。伟大的时间、伟大的地点应戒除可以导致恼怒和争辩的争吵。你们所行的善功,真主都是知道并会加以奖赏的。你们带上你们所需的食物和饮料来完成你们的朝觐,须知,你们在各种事务中,向真主寻求相助的最好方式,就是敬畏真主。有理智的人们啊!你们以遵循真主的命令、放弃真主的禁令来敬畏真主吧!

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لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَبۡتَغُواْ فَضۡلٗا مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡۚ فَإِذَآ أَفَضۡتُم مِّنۡ عَرَفَٰتٖ فَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ عِندَ ٱلۡمَشۡعَرِ ٱلۡحَرَامِۖ وَٱذۡكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَىٰكُمۡ وَإِن كُنتُم مِّن قَبۡلِهِۦ لَمِنَ ٱلضَّآلِّينَ ١٩٨

There is no blame upon you for seeking bounty1 from your Lord [during ḥajj]. But when you depart from ʿArafāt, remember Allāh at al-Mashʿar al-Ḥarām.2 And remember Him, as He has guided you, for indeed, you were before that among those astray.

朝觐期间,你们以商贸或其它方式来寻求合法的给养,这些行为对于你们是无罪的。如果你们在伊历十二月九日站立阿拉法山之后离开,于夜间到达穆兹代里法,你们就应在禁标附近的穆兹代里法以清净词、清真言和祈祷来记念真主。你们应记念真主,祂引导你们履行宗教功课,完成朝觐。从前,你们对祂的教律确是忽视的。

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ثُمَّ أَفِيضُواْ مِنۡ حَيۡثُ أَفَاضَ ٱلنَّاسُ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرُواْ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ١٩٩

Then depart from the place from where [all] the people depart and ask forgiveness of Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

之后,你们应结队离开阿拉法山,就像人们效仿先知易卜拉欣曾做的那样。你们不要效仿蒙昧时期的人们不站立阿拉法山。你们应以朝觐中的欠缺而向真主求恕饶,真主是赦宥其仆并怜悯他们的主宰。

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فَإِذَا قَضَيۡتُم مَّنَٰسِكَكُمۡ فَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ كَذِكۡرِكُمۡ ءَابَآءَكُمۡ أَوۡ أَشَدَّ ذِكۡرٗاۗ فَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَقُولُ رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَمَا لَهُۥ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ مِنۡ خَلَٰقٖ ٢٠٠

And when you have completed your rites, remember Allāh like your [previous] remembrance of your fathers or with [much] greater remembrance. And among the people is he who says, "Our Lord, give us in this world," and he will have in the Hereafter no share.

当你们完成了朝觐功课,在闲暇时间里,当记念真主,当更多的赞美祂,犹如记念你们的祖先一样;甚至应当记念的更多些,因为你们享受的恩典都来自于伟大真主。人们是各异的,他们中有只相信今世生活的不信道者和以物配主者。这些人只向其养主祈求今世生活中的恩典和浮华。

如:健康、财产和子女,他们得不到真主为信士们在后世准备好的恩典,因为他们贪恋今世拒绝后世。

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وَمِنۡهُم مَّن يَقُولُ رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا حَسَنَةٗ وَفِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ حَسَنَةٗ وَقِنَا عَذَابَ ٱلنَّارِ ٢٠١

But among them is he who says, "Our Lord, give us in this world [that which is] good and in the Hereafter [that which is] good and protect us from the punishment of the Fire."

人类中有另一伙人,他们信仰真主,信仰后世。他们向其养主祈求今世的恩典和所干的善功,并祈求获得乐园的成功和免遭火狱的刑罚。

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أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ نَصِيبٞ مِّمَّا كَسَبُواْۚ وَٱللَّهُ سَرِيعُ ٱلۡحِسَابِ ٢٠٢

Those will have a share of what they have earned, and Allāh is swift in account.

这些寻求两世吉庆之人,他们在今世以所干的善功而获得巨大的回赐,真主的清算是神速的。

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۞ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ فِيٓ أَيَّامٖ مَّعۡدُودَٰتٖۚ فَمَن تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوۡمَيۡنِ فَلَآ إِثۡمَ عَلَيۡهِ وَمَن تَأَخَّرَ فَلَآ إِثۡمَ عَلَيۡهِۖ لِمَنِ ٱتَّقَىٰۗ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّكُمۡ إِلَيۡهِ تُحۡشَرُونَ ٢٠٣

And remember Allāh during [specific] numbered days. Then whoever hastens [his departure] in two days - there is no sin upon him; and whoever delays [until the third] - there is no sin upon him - for him who fears Allāh. And fear Allāh and know that unto Him you will be gathered.

你们在以下数日内应以大赞词和清真言记念真主,它们是:伊历十二月十一日、十二日和十三日。谁在十二日内仓促的完成射石后离开米纳,他毫无罪过,因为真主要减轻你们的负担;谁耽搁到十三日再射石,也并无罪过,那样更完美,你们遵循了穆圣(愿主福安之)的圣行。一切权利属于在朝觐中敬畏真主之人。你们以遵循真主命令,放弃真主禁令而敬畏真主。你们当确信,真主是你们唯一的归属地和集合处,祂以其所干善功而报酬你们。

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وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يُعۡجِبُكَ قَوۡلُهُۥ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَيُشۡهِدُ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا فِي قَلۡبِهِۦ وَهُوَ أَلَدُّ ٱلۡخِصَامِ ٢٠٤

And of the people is he whose speech pleases you in worldly life, and he calls Allāh to witness as to what is in his heart, yet he is the fiercest of opponents.

先知啊!人群中有一伙伪信士,你对他们在今世中的言辞赞叹不已,认为其能言善辩,以至于你相信了他们的忠诚和坦诚。事实上他的目的只是保护自身和财产。祈求真主见证他们的骗子行为——包括其所谓的内心的信仰和善功。他们是穆斯林最强悍的敌人和对手。

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وَإِذَا تَوَلَّىٰ سَعَىٰ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ لِيُفۡسِدَ فِيهَا وَيُهۡلِكَ ٱلۡحَرۡثَ وَٱلنَّسۡلَۚ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلۡفَسَادَ ٢٠٥

And when he goes away, he strives throughout the land to cause corruption therein and destroy crops and animals. And Allāh does not like corruption.

只要他转身离开你,就会在大地上干尽坏事,如蹂躏庄稼,伤害牲畜。真主不喜欢大地上的恶事,也不喜欢作恶之人。

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وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ ٱتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ أَخَذَتۡهُ ٱلۡعِزَّةُ بِٱلۡإِثۡمِۚ فَحَسۡبُهُۥ جَهَنَّمُۖ وَلَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمِهَادُ ٢٠٦

And when it is said to him, "Fear Allāh," pride in the sin takes hold of him. Sufficient for him is Hellfire, and how wretched is the resting place.

如果有人对作恶之人以劝告的形式说:“你应敬畏真主的法度,放弃其禁止之事。”此人会因傲慢和狂妄而继续犯罪,会放弃真理。他的回报就是进入火狱,那火狱的环境真恶劣,入火狱之人真可怜!

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وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَشۡرِي نَفۡسَهُ ٱبۡتِغَآءَ مَرۡضَاتِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَٱللَّهُ رَءُوفُۢ بِٱلۡعِبَادِ ٢٠٧

And of the people is he who sells himself, seeking means to the approval of Allāh. And Allāh is Kind to [His] servants.

人群中有一伙信士,他们服从真主、谋求真主喜悦、为主道奉献而自愿捐躯。真主是仁爱众仆,怜悯众仆的。

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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱدۡخُلُواْ فِي ٱلسِّلۡمِ كَآفَّةٗ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ خُطُوَٰتِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَكُمۡ عَدُوّٞ مُّبِينٞ ٢٠٨

O you who have believed, enter into Islām completely [and perfectly] and do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy.

信仰真主、追随先知的信士们啊!你们当全体加入伊斯兰教中。你们不要放弃伊斯兰的任何一项内容——犹如信奉天经之人信仰一部分而否认另一部分。你们不要追随恶魔的脚步,因为他确是你们的明敌。

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فَإِن زَلَلۡتُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡكُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ فَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ٢٠٩

But if you slip [i.e., deviate] after clear proofs have come to you, then know that Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.

如果你们在毋庸置疑的明证来临之后而背离正道,你们当知道真主是万能的,至睿的,你们应畏惧他,尊崇他。

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هَلۡ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّآ أَن يَأۡتِيَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡغَمَامِ وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ وَقُضِيَ ٱلۡأَمۡرُۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ ٢١٠

Do they await but that Allāh should come to them in covers of clouds and the angels [as well] and the matter is [then] decided? And to Allāh [all] matters are returned.

背离正道、追随恶魔脚步之人只等待复活日,真主在云荫中审问他们。那日众天使环绕四周,一切事情都将被裁决,一切的被造物都将回归到真主那里。

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سَلۡ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ كَمۡ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُم مِّنۡ ءَايَةِۭ بَيِّنَةٖۗ وَمَن يُبَدِّلۡ نِعۡمَةَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٢١١

Ask the Children of Israel how many a sign of evidence We have given them. And whoever exchanges the favor of Allāh [for disbelief] after it has come to him - then indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.

先知啊!你以指责的口吻询问以色列的后裔吧!伟大的真主已为你们降示了许多有关证明先知使命的明显迹象,然而你们否认并拒绝承认。凡在出现并了解真主迹象之后,以否认和欺瞒的态度更换真主的恩典者,真主将给予他严厉的惩罚。

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زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَيَسۡخَرُونَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْۘ وَٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوۡاْ فَوۡقَهُمۡ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَرۡزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ بِغَيۡرِ حِسَابٖ ٢١٢

Beautified for those who disbelieve is the life of this world, and they ridicule those who believe. But those who fear Allāh are above them on the Day of Resurrection. And Allāh gives provision to whom He wills without account.

不信道的人们对于今世生活,以及其中短暂的享受和享乐迷恋不已,他们嘲笑信仰真主和信仰后世之人。遵从真主命令,放弃祂所禁止之事的敬畏者在后世的尊贵远远高于不信道者。那时,真主使他们进入永久的乐园,真主将无量地供给祂所意欲之人。

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كَانَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَبَعَثَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ وَأَنزَلَ مَعَهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لِيَحۡكُمَ بَيۡنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فِيمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِۚ وَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ بَغۡيَۢا بَيۡنَهُمۡۖ فَهَدَى ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ بِإِذۡنِهِۦۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٍ ٢١٣

Mankind was [of] one religion [before their deviation]; then Allāh sent the prophets as bringers of good tidings and warners and sent down with them the Scripture in truth to judge between the people concerning that in which they differed. And none differed over it [i.e., the Scripture] except those who were given it - after the clear proofs came to them - out of jealous animosity among themselves. And Allāh guided those who believed to the truth concerning that over which they had differed, by His permission. And Allāh guides whom He wills to a straight path.

世人原是一个民族,他们遵循其祖先阿丹的宗教。嗣后,恶魔使他们迷误,继而分裂为信士和不信道者。故真主派遣众使者向信仰和服从真主之人报喜,真主允诺他们恩惠;向不信道者警告,真主将给予他们严厉的惩罚。真主为其先知降示了包含真理的经典,以此来评判人们之间的分歧。只有犹太人,当真主降示给他们明证《讨拉特》时,他们因不义而对经典产生分歧。真主依自己的意志而引导信道的人们,真主引领祂所意欲之人走上端正的正道——信仰的道路。

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أَمۡ حَسِبۡتُمۡ أَن تَدۡخُلُواْ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأۡتِكُم مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ خَلَوۡاْ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۖ مَّسَّتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَأۡسَآءُ وَٱلضَّرَّآءُ وَزُلۡزِلُواْ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَ ٱلرَّسُولُ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُۥ مَتَىٰ نَصۡرُ ٱللَّهِۗ أَلَآ إِنَّ نَصۡرَ ٱللَّهِ قَرِيبٞ ٢١٤

Or do you think that you will enter Paradise while such [trial] has not yet come to you as came to those who passed on before you? They were touched by poverty and hardship and were shaken until [even their] messenger and those who believed with him said, "When is the help of Allāh?" Unquestionably, the help of Allāh is near.

信士们啊!你们未曾遭受前人所遭受的患难就自认为会进入乐园吗?你们的前人曾遭受贫穷、疾病和恐惧以致迫切希望真主的援助。先知和他的信士们问道:“真主的援助何时到来?”真的,真主的援助是临近信士和其托靠者的。

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يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَۖ قُلۡ مَآ أَنفَقۡتُم مِّنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَلِلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبِينَ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۗ وَمَا تَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٞ ٢١٥

They ask you, [O Muḥammad], what they should spend. Say, "Whatever you spend of good is [to be] for parents and relatives and orphans and the needy and the traveler. And whatever you do of good - indeed, Allāh is Knowing of it."

先知啊!你的追随者问你,怎样花费各种财产并应当搁置在哪里呢?你对他们说:“你们以善举而花费——用于双亲、近亲、有所需的孤儿、一贫如洗的贫民、远离家人和故乡的旅客等的合法消费。信士啊!你们做的无论多与寡的善事,真主都是彻知的,真主将以此报酬你们。”

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كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرۡهٞ لَّكُمۡۖ وَعَسَىٰٓ أَن تَكۡرَهُواْ شَيۡـٔٗا وَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۖ وَعَسَىٰٓ أَن تُحِبُّواْ شَيۡـٔٗا وَهُوَ شَرّٞ لَّكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ ٢١٦

Battle has been enjoined upon you while it is hateful to you. But perhaps you hate a thing and it is good for you; and perhaps you love a thing and it is bad for you. And Allāh knows, while you know not.

信士啊!为主道征战已成为你们的定制,虽然战争是你们内心所厌恶的。战争需要牺牲财力和人力。也许你们厌恶某件事,而事实上那件事是对你们有益的好事,如为主道出征,就可获得制敌和为主道奋斗的回赐;也许你们喜欢某件事,而事实上那件事是对你们有害的坏事,如放弃奋斗抗争,它会使人意志消沉并受制于敌。的确,真主全知一切事物的好坏,而你们却不知道。你们应响应真主的命令,获得其中的福利。

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يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلشَّهۡرِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ قِتَالٖ فِيهِۖ قُلۡ قِتَالٞ فِيهِ كَبِيرٞۚ وَصَدٌّ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَكُفۡرُۢ بِهِۦ وَٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ وَإِخۡرَاجُ أَهۡلِهِۦ مِنۡهُ أَكۡبَرُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِۚ وَٱلۡفِتۡنَةُ أَكۡبَرُ مِنَ ٱلۡقَتۡلِۗ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَرُدُّوكُمۡ عَن دِينِكُمۡ إِنِ ٱسۡتَطَٰعُواْۚ وَمَن يَرۡتَدِدۡ مِنكُمۡ عَن دِينِهِۦ فَيَمُتۡ وَهُوَ كَافِرٞ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ حَبِطَتۡ أَعۡمَٰلُهُمۡ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِۖ هُمۡ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ ٢١٧

They ask you about the sacred month1 - about fighting therein. Say, "Fighting therein is great [sin], but averting [people] from the way of Allāh and disbelief in Him and [preventing access to] al-Masjid al-Ḥarām and the expulsion of its people therefrom are greater [evil] in the sight of Allāh. And fitnah2 is greater than killing." And they will continue to fight you until they turn you back from your religion if they are able. And whoever of you reverts from his religion [to disbelief] and dies while he is a disbeliever - for those, their deeds have become worthless in this world and the Hereafter, and those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally.

先知啊!人们向你询问禁月——伊历11月、12月、1月和7月内可以作战吗?你对他们说:“在真主看来禁月内作战是大罪。同样的,以物配主者、在禁月内妨碍主道也是大罪——他们阻止信士进入禁寺,驱逐麦加人出境,而这些比起禁月内作战罪恶更大。迫害比杀戮更残酷。”信士们啊!以物配主者不义地杀戮你们,他们使出浑身解数想使你们背叛正教而回归到他们的宗教中。你们中谁背叛正教,且至死不信道者,谁的善功在今后两世是完全无效的,他是火狱的居民并永居其中。

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إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَٱلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُواْ وَجَٰهَدُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ يَرۡجُونَ رَحۡمَتَ ٱللَّهِۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٢١٨

Indeed, those who have believed and those who have emigrated and fought in the cause of Allāh - those expect the mercy of Allāh. And Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

信仰真主和其使者的信士,他们离别故乡追随真主和使者,他们为主道奋斗而征战四方,这等人希翼真主的仁慈和饶恕,真主是赦宥其仆并怜悯他们的主宰。

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۞ يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلۡخَمۡرِ وَٱلۡمَيۡسِرِۖ قُلۡ فِيهِمَآ إِثۡمٞ كَبِيرٞ وَمَنَٰفِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَإِثۡمُهُمَآ أَكۡبَرُ مِن نَّفۡعِهِمَاۗ وَيَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَۖ قُلِ ٱلۡعَفۡوَۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ ٢١٩

They ask you about wine1 and gambling. Say, "In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit." And they ask you what they should spend. Say, "The excess [beyond needs]." Thus Allāh makes clear to you the verses [of revelation] that you might give thought

先知啊!人们向你询问有关酒,(即:所有使人失去心智的物质)其饮用和买卖的律例是什么?询问你有关赌博(双方以金钱作为博弈的一种手段)的律例是什么?你对他们说:“这两件事中都包含着破坏宗教和今世的大罪,如迷失心性,损失钱财,导致纠纷和矛盾发生。”这两件事中对世人有少许利益,如盈利,但其弊和罪恶远远大于其利。有理智者都会远离,这段就是真主为禁酒做的铺垫。先知啊!人们向你询问应该施舍什么?你对他们说:“你们施舍剩余的吧!”(这是最初时关于施舍的要求,之后,真主规定了在特殊的财产上交纳固定份额的天课)真主为你们阐明一切迹象,以便你们有清晰的思路去思考今后两世的事务。

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فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۗ وَيَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰۖ قُلۡ إِصۡلَاحٞ لَّهُمۡ خَيۡرٞۖ وَإِن تُخَالِطُوهُمۡ فَإِخۡوَٰنُكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ ٱلۡمُفۡسِدَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُصۡلِحِۚ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَأَعۡنَتَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ ٢٢٠

To this world and the Hereafter. And they ask you about orphans. Say, "Improvement for them is best. And if you mix your affairs with theirs - they are your brothers. And Allāh knows the corrupter from the amender. And if Allāh had willed, He could have put you in difficulty. Indeed, Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise."

制度的制定就是让你们去思考在今后两世中对你们有益之事。先知啊!人们向你询问监管孤儿时应该怎样与他们相处?是否可以将他们的财产以合伙方式用于日常开销和食宿?你对他们说:“你们更应当在非补偿或非混合资金的情况下发展孤儿的资产,这样对他们来说更好,真主也会给予你们更大的回赐,此法能妥善的保护孤儿的财产。即使你们合并孤儿财产共同担负食宿等费用也无过,因为他们是你们的教友,兄弟之间应互助互爱。”真主能辨明以合伙方式侵吞孤儿财产者和其改善者。如果真主意欲在孤儿事务上为难你们,那祂已为难了,但清高的真主使你们很容易地与他们交往。因为教法基础即予人容易,真主确是万能的,确是至睿的。

Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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