Al-MukhtasarAl‑Baqarah · 2:221–284

Al-Mukhtasar · Tafsir · in Chinese

Al-Baqarah 2:221–284

2:221Page 35

وَلَا تَنكِحُواْ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكَٰتِ حَتَّىٰ يُؤۡمِنَّۚ وَلَأَمَةٞ مُّؤۡمِنَةٌ خَيۡرٞ مِّن مُّشۡرِكَةٖ وَلَوۡ أَعۡجَبَتۡكُمۡۗ وَلَا تُنكِحُواْ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ حَتَّىٰ يُؤۡمِنُواْۚ وَلَعَبۡدٞ مُّؤۡمِنٌ خَيۡرٞ مِّن مُّشۡرِكٖ وَلَوۡ أَعۡجَبَكُمۡۗ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ يَدۡعُونَ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِۖ وَٱللَّهُ يَدۡعُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱلۡجَنَّةِ وَٱلۡمَغۡفِرَةِ بِإِذۡنِهِۦۖ وَيُبَيِّنُ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ ٢٢١

And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe.1 And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist, even though she might please you. And do not marry polytheistic men [to your women] until they believe. And a believing slave is better than a polytheist, even though he might please you. Those invite [you] to the Fire, but Allāh invites to Paradise and to forgiveness, by His permission. And He makes clear His verses [i.e., ordinances] to the people that perhaps they may remember.

信士们啊!你们不要娶以物配主的妇女直到她们信仰真主独一并笃信伊斯兰。的确信仰真主和其使者的婢女胜于崇拜偶像的自由女,即使你们爱慕她的美貌和财产;你们不要将自己的女儿许配给以物配主的男子,的确信仰真主和其使者的奴隶胜于以物配主的自由人,即使你们满意他们。这些以物配主的男女用语言和行为将引导你们进入火狱,真主召唤你们做能引领你们进入乐园和得到真主饶恕的善行,祂为世人阐明了祂的迹象,以便他们觉悟。

2:222Page 35

وَيَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلۡمَحِيضِۖ قُلۡ هُوَ أَذٗى فَٱعۡتَزِلُواْ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فِي ٱلۡمَحِيضِ وَلَا تَقۡرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَطۡهُرۡنَۖ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرۡنَ فَأۡتُوهُنَّ مِنۡ حَيۡثُ أَمَرَكُمُ ٱللَّهُۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلتَّوَّٰبِينَ وَيُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُتَطَهِّرِينَ ٢٢٢

And they ask you about menstruation. Say, "It is harm, so keep away from wives1 during menstruation. And do not approach them until they are pure. And when they have purified themselves,2 then come to them from where Allāh has ordained for you. Indeed, Allāh loves those who are constantly repentant and loves those who purify themselves."

先知啊!人们向你询问“例假”(一种流自妇女子宫的周期性出血)的律例是什么?你对他们说:“例假对男子和妇女都有伤害。故在例假期间你们应放弃与妻子的性行为,不要与她们交合。直到经血结束,清洁完毕。如果经血结束,清洁完毕后,你们当在真主命令你们的部位与她们交合—她们是洁净的,与她们在前面(阴部)交合。”的确,真主喜爱悔罪之人,喜爱清洁之人。

2:223Page 35

نِسَآؤُكُمۡ حَرۡثٞ لَّكُمۡ فَأۡتُواْ حَرۡثَكُمۡ أَنَّىٰ شِئۡتُمۡۖ وَقَدِّمُواْ لِأَنفُسِكُمۡۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّكُم مُّلَٰقُوهُۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ ٢٢٣

Your wives are a place of cultivation [i.e., sowing of seed] for you, so come to your place of cultivation however you wish and put forth [righteousness] for yourselves. And fear Allāh and know that you will meet Him. And give good tidings to the believers.

你们的妻室是你们栽种的田地,她们为你们生儿育女,就像出产果实的大地一样。你们到栽种的田地——那就是阴部, 如果在阴部你们可以随意栽种。你们当为自己而行善,其中包括为了接近真主,孕育清廉的后代而与妻子交合。你们以遵从真主命令、放弃真主禁令来敬畏真主吧!其中就包括妇女问题,你们当知道,在后世你们必定见到真主,站在祂的面前,接受清算。先知啊!你当向信士们报喜,告知他们,真主将给予他们永恒的恩典,并恩赐他们目睹其尊容。

2:224Page 35

وَلَا تَجۡعَلُواْ ٱللَّهَ عُرۡضَةٗ لِّأَيۡمَٰنِكُمۡ أَن تَبَرُّواْ وَتَتَّقُواْ وَتُصۡلِحُواْ بَيۡنَ ٱلنَّاسِۚ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٢٢٤

And do not make [your oath by] Allāh an excuse against being righteous and fearing Allāh and making peace among people. And Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.

你们不要以真主的名义盟誓而放弃行善、敬畏和调解他人。如果你们盟誓而放弃了行善,你们赶紧行善并为自己的誓言缴纳罚金。真主彻知你们的言辞,全知你们的行为,并会以此报偿你们。

2:225Page 36

لَّا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِٱللَّغۡوِ فِيٓ أَيۡمَٰنِكُمۡ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ قُلُوبُكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٞ ٢٢٥

Allāh does not impose blame upon you for what is unintentional in your oaths, but He imposes blame upon you for what your hearts have earned. And Allāh is Forgiving and Forbearing.1

真主不会因你们无意的誓言而责备你们,如你们说:“不,指主发誓;或者说是的,指主发誓”等类似言辞,你们无需缴纳罚赎也不受惩罚。但你们有意的誓言,真主必将责备。真主是饶恕众仆的主,是仁慈的并不急于惩罚的主。

2:226Page 36

لِّلَّذِينَ يُؤۡلُونَ مِن نِّسَآئِهِمۡ تَرَبُّصُ أَرۡبَعَةِ أَشۡهُرٖۖ فَإِن فَآءُو فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٢٢٦

For those who swear not to have sexual relations with their wives1 is a waiting time of four months, but if they return [to normal relations] - then indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

对于发誓放弃与其妻交合之人,应等待四个月,从发誓日算起,这被称为“誓言”。如果他回心转意,在四个月内与其妻交合,那么真主是至恕的,饶恕他们所犯之错;是至慈的,允许以缴纳罚赎的方式来解除这个誓言。

2:227Page 36

وَإِنۡ عَزَمُواْ ٱلطَّلَٰقَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٢٢٧

And if they decide on divorce - then indeed, Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.

如果他们坚持放弃与其妻交合,笃定不回心转意并决心离婚。那么,真主是全聪他们的——包括离婚的言辞;是全知他们的——包括离婚的情况和目的,并会以此来报偿他们。

2:228Page 36

وَٱلۡمُطَلَّقَٰتُ يَتَرَبَّصۡنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَٰثَةَ قُرُوٓءٖۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكۡتُمۡنَ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ فِيٓ أَرۡحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤۡمِنَّ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ إِنۡ أَرَادُوٓاْ إِصۡلَٰحٗاۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثۡلُ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيۡهِنَّ دَرَجَةٞۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ٢٢٨

Divorced women remain in waiting [i.e., do not remarry] for three periods,1 and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allāh has created in their wombs if they believe in Allāh and the Last Day. And their husbands have more right to take them back in this [period] if they want reconciliation.2 And due to them [i.e., the wives] is similar to what is expected of them, according to what is reasonable.3 But the men [i.e., husbands] have a degree over them [in responsibility and authority]. And Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.

离异妇女应当等待三次例假结束,期间不能结婚,她们若信仰真主和后世,则不能隐讳真主造化于她们子宫内的胎儿。她们的丈夫宜在此期间挽留她们,如果他们愿重修旧好,妻子应继续享受约定俗成给予妻子们的权利和义务。男子在担负聘仪和离婚事务上优越于妇女。真主是万能的,是战无不胜的,祂对祂的教律和裁夺确是至睿的。

2:229Page 36

ٱلطَّلَٰقُ مَرَّتَانِۖ فَإِمۡسَاكُۢ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ تَسۡرِيحُۢ بِإِحۡسَٰنٖۗ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَأۡخُذُواْ مِمَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ شَيۡـًٔا إِلَّآ أَن يَخَافَآ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۖ فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَا فِيمَا ٱفۡتَدَتۡ بِهِۦۗ تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَعۡتَدُوهَاۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٢٢٩

Divorce is twice. Then [after that], either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment. And it is not lawful for you to take anything of what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep [within] the limits of Allāh.1 But if you fear that they will not keep [within] the limits of Allāh, then there is no blame upon either of them concerning that by which she ransoms herself. These are the limits of Allāh, so do not transgress them. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allāh - it is those who are the wrongdoers [i.e., the unjust].

两次休妻——即离婚、复婚;再离婚、再复婚。两次离婚后,丈夫要么善意挽留妻子好好生活,要么依礼给予她自由解除婚约。你们不应索取已付给妻子的聘仪,除非是妻子嫌弃其夫的品行或相貌,二人无法再履行夫妻之责,则由双方亲人或他人裁决。如果监护人担心二人无法履行夫妻之责,那么妇女可以选择放弃聘仪而促成离婚。这种教法规定区分了合法与非法,你们不要僭越。谁僭越真主在合法与非法间的法度,谁就是自取灭亡,是遭受真主惩罚的不义之人。

2:230Page 36

فَإِن طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُۥ مِنۢ بَعۡدُ حَتَّىٰ تَنكِحَ زَوۡجًا غَيۡرَهُۥۗ فَإِن طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَآ أَن يَتَرَاجَعَآ إِن ظَنَّآ أَن يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَتِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ يُبَيِّنُهَا لِقَوۡمٖ يَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٣٠

And if he has divorced her [for the third time], then she is not lawful to him afterward until [after] she marries a husband other than him.1 And if he [i.e., the latter husband] divorces her [or dies], there is no blame upon them [i.e., the woman and her former husband] for returning to each other if they think that they can keep [within] the limits of Allāh. These are the limits of Allāh, which He makes clear to a people who know [i.e.,understand].

如果丈夫第三次与其妻离婚,除非妻子以爱慕而不是为嫁第一任丈夫为由而想重归于好,否则不允诺他再娶她为妻。,如果妻子另嫁他人,其第二任丈夫与她离婚或去世,那么该妇女可以与第一任丈夫重新缔结婚约,第一任丈夫应重新给予其聘仪,这对于他们俩是毫无罪过的,如果他俩能够遵守真主的法度。真主制定的法度就是让人们明白教律和行为底线,因为他们能以此受益。

2:231Page 37

وَإِذَا طَلَّقۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَبَلَغۡنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمۡسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعۡرُوفٖۚ وَلَا تُمۡسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارٗا لِّتَعۡتَدُواْۚ وَمَن يَفۡعَلۡ ذَٰلِكَ فَقَدۡ ظَلَمَ نَفۡسَهُۥۚ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوٓاْ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ هُزُوٗاۚ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ نِعۡمَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةِ يَعِظُكُم بِهِۦۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٞ ٢٣١

And when you divorce women and they have [nearly] fulfilled their term, either retain them according to acceptable terms or release them according to acceptable terms, and do not keep them, intending harm, to transgress [against them]. And whoever does that has certainly wronged himself. And do not take the verses of Allāh in jest. And remember the favor of Allāh upon you and what has been revealed to you of the Book [i.e., the Qur’ān] and wisdom [i.e., the Prophet's sunnah] by which He instructs you. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is Knowing of all things.

如果你们休妻,当她们的待婚期界满之时,你们有权依礼挽留她们或依礼解放她们,不得以伤害或妨碍她们的方式而挽留,犹如蒙昧时期的所作所为。谁为挽留而伤害她们,确已遭受惩罚而自亏己身。你们不要轻视或嬉戏真主的迹象,你们应谨记真主的恩典,真主给予你们最大的恩典就是《古兰经》。这样提醒你们就是希望你们渴望真主的恩典、畏惧真主的惩罚,你们以遵循真主命令,放弃真主禁令而敬畏真主吧!你们当知道真主对于万事确是全知的,真主是洞悉万物的,真主依照你们的行为而报偿你们。

2:232Page 37

وَإِذَا طَلَّقۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَبَلَغۡنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعۡضُلُوهُنَّ أَن يَنكِحۡنَ أَزۡوَٰجَهُنَّ إِذَا تَرَٰضَوۡاْ بَيۡنَهُم بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۗ ذَٰلِكَ يُوعَظُ بِهِۦ مَن كَانَ مِنكُمۡ يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۗ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَزۡكَىٰ لَكُمۡ وَأَطۡهَرُۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٣٢

And when you divorce women1 and they have fulfilled their term, do not prevent them from remarrying their [former] husbands if they [i.e., all parties] agree among themselves on an acceptable basis. That is instructed to whoever of you believes in Allāh and the Last Day. That is better for you and purer, and Allāh knows and you know not.

如果你们休妻少于三次,当她们的待婚期界满后,如果她们渴望并愿意复婚,监护人啊!你们不要阻止她们重新缔结婚约,嫁给她们的丈夫。这是用来规劝你们中信仰真主和后世之人的,这对你们更有利,对你们的目的和善功更纯洁。真主确知万物的真相和结果,而你们却不知道。

2:233Page 37

۞ وَٱلۡوَٰلِدَٰتُ يُرۡضِعۡنَ أَوۡلَٰدَهُنَّ حَوۡلَيۡنِ كَامِلَيۡنِۖ لِمَنۡ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ ٱلرَّضَاعَةَۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡمَوۡلُودِ لَهُۥ رِزۡقُهُنَّ وَكِسۡوَتُهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفۡسٌ إِلَّا وُسۡعَهَاۚ لَا تُضَآرَّ وَٰلِدَةُۢ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوۡلُودٞ لَّهُۥ بِوَلَدِهِۦۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡوَارِثِ مِثۡلُ ذَٰلِكَۗ فَإِنۡ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَن تَرَاضٖ مِّنۡهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٖ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَاۗ وَإِنۡ أَرَدتُّمۡ أَن تَسۡتَرۡضِعُوٓاْ أَوۡلَٰدَكُمۡ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذَا سَلَّمۡتُم مَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُم بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۗ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ ٢٣٣

Mothers may nurse [i.e., breastfeed] their children two complete years for whoever wishes to complete the nursing [period]. Upon the father is their [i.e., the mothers'] provision and their clothing according to what is acceptable. No person is charged with more than his capacity. No mother should be harmed through her child, and no father through his child. And upon the [father's] heir is [a duty] like that [of the father]. And if they both desire weaning through mutual consent from both of them and consultation, there is no blame upon either of them. And if you wish to have your children nursed by a substitute, there is no blame upon you as long as you give payment according to what is acceptable. And fear Allāh and know that Allāh is Seeing of what you do.

作为母亲,应当哺乳自己的婴儿两周年,这个限定是对愿意哺乳到期满的人来说的。作为婴儿的父亲应按常规,在不违反教法和超出自己能力范围的前提下,供给婴儿母亲的开销和衣食。父母双方不允许将婴儿作为伤害对方的工具。如果没有父亲,婴儿的监护人也应供给其母;如果婴儿没有财产,则无需履行其父之责。如果父母协商后,为了婴儿的利益而在两年内断乳,那么他俩是毫无罪过的;如果你们另雇乳母哺乳婴儿,在不拖欠和不滞缓给付的情况下按照常规给予乳母工资,那你们也是毫无罪过的。你们以遵循真主的命令,放弃真主的禁令而敬畏真主吧!你们当知道真主是全知的,是洞察万物的,真主依照你们的行为而报偿你们。

2:234Page 38

وَٱلَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوۡنَ مِنكُمۡ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزۡوَٰجٗا يَتَرَبَّصۡنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ أَرۡبَعَةَ أَشۡهُرٖ وَعَشۡرٗاۖ فَإِذَا بَلَغۡنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِيمَا فَعَلۡنَ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٞ ٢٣٤

And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - they, [the wives, shall] wait four months and ten [days]. And when they have fulfilled their term, then there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in an acceptable manner.1 And Allāh is [fully] Aware of what you do.

已逝而留下未在孕期的妻室者,他们的妻子应等待四个月零十天。在这期间她们应呆在丈夫的家中,拒绝装扮和婚约。如果她们的待婚期界满,监护人啊!她们可以做在该时段内曾被禁止的符合教法和习俗的任何事情。这对于你们是毫无过错的。真主全知你们的一切行为,真主依照你们的行为而报偿你们。

2:235Page 38

وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِيمَا عَرَّضۡتُم بِهِۦ مِنۡ خِطۡبَةِ ٱلنِّسَآءِ أَوۡ أَكۡنَنتُمۡ فِيٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡۚ عَلِمَ ٱللَّهُ أَنَّكُمۡ سَتَذۡكُرُونَهُنَّ وَلَٰكِن لَّا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلَّآ أَن تَقُولُواْ قَوۡلٗا مَّعۡرُوفٗاۚ وَلَا تَعۡزِمُواْ عُقۡدَةَ ٱلنِّكَاحِ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡلُغَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبُ أَجَلَهُۥۚ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُ مَا فِيٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡ فَٱحۡذَرُوهُۚ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٞ ٢٣٥

There is no blame upon you for that to which you [indirectly] allude concerning a proposal to women or for what you conceal within yourselves. Allāh knows that you will have them in mind. But do not promise them secretly except for saying a proper saying. And do not determine to undertake a marriage contract until the decreed period1 reaches its end. And know that Allāh knows what is within yourselves, so beware of Him. And know that Allāh is Forgiving and Forbearing.

你们用“如果你的待婚期结束了,请你告诉我”等含蓄的言语,向已故丈夫或离异的正处于待婚期的妇女求婚,抑或是直接表达爱慕之心,这对于你们都毫无过错;你们在她们待婚期满后,依然隐匿了对她们的爱慕,这对你们也毫无过错。真主知道你们将在最渴望她们之时提出婚约,因此允许你们暗恋而不公开。你们应警惕在她们的待婚期内私定终生,除非是公开的言语。你们不要在待婚期内缔结婚约,你们应知道真主是全知你们内心所想,所以已为你们辨明出合法与非法,以便你们警惕。你们不要违反祂的命令,真主是饶恕众仆的主,是仁慈的主,是不急于惩罚的主。

2:236Page 38

لَّا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِن طَلَّقۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ مَا لَمۡ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوۡ تَفۡرِضُواْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةٗۚ وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى ٱلۡمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُۥ وَعَلَى ٱلۡمُقۡتِرِ قَدَرُهُۥ مَتَٰعَۢا بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۖ حَقًّا عَلَى ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ٢٣٦

There is no blame upon you if you divorce women you have not touched1 nor specified for them an obligation.2 But give them [a gift of] compensation - the wealthy according to his capability and the poor according to his capability - a provision according to what is acceptable, a duty upon the doers of good.

你们与缔结了婚约,而未交合的妻子离婚是无罪的。如果在赠予她们聘仪之前便休妻,这种情况下的发生休妻行为,你们不必付给她们聘仪,而应以离仪赠予她们,以示抚慰。离仪的厚薄根据丈夫的经济能力而定。如果宽裕就多给些,反之可少给些。这是行善之人应尽的义务。

2:237Page 38

وَإِن طَلَّقۡتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدۡ فَرَضۡتُمۡ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةٗ فَنِصۡفُ مَا فَرَضۡتُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن يَعۡفُونَ أَوۡ يَعۡفُوَاْ ٱلَّذِي بِيَدِهِۦ عُقۡدَةُ ٱلنِّكَاحِۚ وَأَن تَعۡفُوٓاْ أَقۡرَبُ لِلتَّقۡوَىٰۚ وَلَا تَنسَوُاْ ٱلۡفَضۡلَ بَيۡنَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ٢٣٧

And if you divorce them before you have touched them and you have already specified for them an obligation, then [give] half of what you specified - unless they forego the right or the one in whose hand is the marriage contract foregoes it. And to forego it is nearer to righteousness. And do not forget graciousness between you. Indeed Allāh, of whatever you do, is Seeing.

如果你们与妻子缔结了婚约,在交合之前赠予她们一定聘仪之后而休妻,你们应支付给她们已达成聘仪的一半,除非她们自愿放弃。或是丈夫宽厚,愿意将所有的聘仪给予她们,予人宽厚更接近对真主敬畏与顺从。人们啊!你们不要忘记互惠和宽容,真主对于你们的行为是全知的,你们应努力付出以寻求真主的回赐。

2:238Page 39

حَٰفِظُواْ عَلَى ٱلصَّلَوَٰتِ وَٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ٱلۡوُسۡطَىٰ وَقُومُواْ لِلَّهِ قَٰنِتِينَ ٢٣٨

Maintain with care the [obligatory] prayers and [in particular] the middle [i.e., ʿaṣr] prayer and stand before Allāh, devoutly obedient.

你们应按照真主的命令,谨守各项拜功,谨守各拜之间的中间拜——即哺礼。你们应顺从的、敬畏的为真主立行拜功。

2:239Page 39

فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ فَرِجَالًا أَوۡ رُكۡبَانٗاۖ فَإِذَآ أَمِنتُمۡ فَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ كَمَا عَلَّمَكُم مَّا لَمۡ تَكُونُواْ تَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٣٩

And if you fear [an enemy, then pray] on foot or riding. But when you are secure, then remember Allāh [in prayer], as He has taught you that which you did not [previously] know.

如果你们畏惧敌人或发生其他情况,致使无法完成礼拜时,你们可以选择步行或骑乘在骆驼、马背上完成,抑或是以其它方式来完成礼拜。如果畏惧消失,你们当依所教授你们的方式去记念真主——即完美的立行拜功,并谨记教授给你们的,你们曾经所不知道的明证和光明。

2:240Page 39

وَٱلَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوۡنَ مِنكُمۡ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزۡوَٰجٗا وَصِيَّةٗ لِّأَزۡوَٰجِهِم مَّتَٰعًا إِلَى ٱلۡحَوۡلِ غَيۡرَ إِخۡرَاجٖۚ فَإِنۡ خَرَجۡنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي مَا فَعَلۡنَ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِنَّ مِن مَّعۡرُوفٖۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ ٢٤٠

And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - for their wives is a bequest: maintenance for one year without turning [them] out. But if they leave [of their own accord], then there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in an acceptable way.1 And Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise.

你们中已故并留有妻室之人,应为妻室留下遗产,供给她们一年的衣食。不可将她们驱逐出去,这是她们必须享有的权利,是亡者的承诺。如果她们在未满一年内自愿离开,你们毫无过错。她们在这期间不应装扮和涂抹美香。真主是大能的,是战无不胜的,祂对于祂的安排、教律和裁决确是至睿的。众经注学家一致认为,这段已被另一节经文替代。真主说:“你们中弃世而遗留妻子的人,他们的妻子当期待四个月零十天。”(黄牛章:234)

2:241Page 39

وَلِلۡمُطَلَّقَٰتِ مَتَٰعُۢ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۖ حَقًّا عَلَى ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ ٢٤١

And for divorced women is a provision according to what is acceptable - a duty upon the righteous.

凡离婚妇女都应得到一份离仪,或衣食或钱财或其它,以此抚慰她们受伤的心理。离仪应依照丈夫的经济状况或多或少。这是遵从真主命令,放弃真主禁令的敬畏者应尽的义务。

2:242Page 39

كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُونَ ٢٤٢

Thus does Allāh make clear to you His verses [i.e., laws] that you might use reason.

信士们啊!真主已为你们辨明了上述富含其法度和律例的经文,便于你们了解并思考,以此来获得今后两世的恩惠。

2:243Page 39

۞ أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ خَرَجُواْ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمۡ وَهُمۡ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ ٱلۡمَوۡتِ فَقَالَ لَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مُوتُواْ ثُمَّ أَحۡيَٰهُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَذُو فَضۡلٍ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَشۡكُرُونَ ٢٤٣

Have you not considered those who left their homes in many thousands, fearing death? Allāh said to them, "Die"; then He restored them to life. And Allāh is the possessor of bounty for the people, but most of the people do not show gratitude.

先知啊!你难道不知道有一伙以色列的后裔,他们因害怕瘟疫或其它疾病,成千上万的人成群结队从家中出来,真主对他们说:“你们死亡吧!”他们就死了。之后,真主复活了他们,让他们知道一切事情都掌握在真主手中,而他们并不能掌握自己的福与祸。真主对于世人确是恩惠的,但大多数人却不知道。

2:244Page 39

وَقَٰتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٢٤٤

And fight in the cause of Allāh and know that Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.

信士们啊!你们当与真主的敌人征战,为主道奋斗。你们当知道真主是全听你们的言行,彻知你们的目的与行为,并以此来报偿你们。

2:245Page 39

مَّن ذَا ٱلَّذِي يُقۡرِضُ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنٗا فَيُضَٰعِفَهُۥ لَهُۥٓ أَضۡعَافٗا كَثِيرَةٗۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَقۡبِضُ وَيَبۡصُۜطُ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ ٢٤٥

Who is it that would loan Allāh a goodly loan so He may multiply it for him many times over? And it is Allāh who withholds and grants abundance, and to Him you will be returned.

谁以善贷借给真主——即以美好的意愿,纯洁的内心将自己的财产用于主道,真主会加倍的回赐予他。真主以其智慧和公正予人给养、富裕、身体健康,也能使人贫苦、窘迫、疾病缠身。后世里你们只回归于祂,真主依照你们的行为而报偿你们。

2:246Page 40

أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلۡمَلَإِ مِنۢ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مُوسَىٰٓ إِذۡ قَالُواْ لِنَبِيّٖ لَّهُمُ ٱبۡعَثۡ لَنَا مَلِكٗا نُّقَٰتِلۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۖ قَالَ هَلۡ عَسَيۡتُمۡ إِن كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡقِتَالُ أَلَّا تُقَٰتِلُواْۖ قَالُواْ وَمَا لَنَآ أَلَّا نُقَٰتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَقَدۡ أُخۡرِجۡنَا مِن دِيَٰرِنَا وَأَبۡنَآئِنَاۖ فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡقِتَالُ تَوَلَّوۡاْ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا مِّنۡهُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمُۢ بِٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٢٤٦

Have you not considered the assembly of the Children of Israel after [the time of] Moses when they said to a prophet of theirs, "Send to us a king, and we will fight in the way of Allāh"? He said, "Would you perhaps refrain from fighting if battle was prescribed for you?" They said, "And why should we not fight in the cause of Allāh when we have been driven out from our homes and from our children?" But when battle was prescribed for them, they turned away, except for a few of them. And Allāh is Knowing of the wrongdoers.

先知啊!你难道不知道穆萨之后,在以色列后裔的领袖们身上发生的事情吗?当时他们对同族的先知说:“你为我们确立一个王,我们便和他一道为主道征战。”先知对他们说:“如果真主将征战作为定制,也许你们就不会为主道而征战了?”他们反驳道:“我们的现状已如此,还有什么能阻碍我们为主道而征战呢?我们已被敌人驱逐出家园,他们虏获了我们的子女,我们征战就是为了收复家园,摆脱掳役。”然而,当征战已成为他们的定制时,他们却拒绝了。他们中只有很少的人履行了诺言。真主是全知这些拒绝命令,违背誓言的不义之人,祂必以此报偿他们。

2:247Page 40

وَقَالَ لَهُمۡ نَبِيُّهُمۡ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَدۡ بَعَثَ لَكُمۡ طَالُوتَ مَلِكٗاۚ قَالُوٓاْ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لَهُ ٱلۡمُلۡكُ عَلَيۡنَا وَنَحۡنُ أَحَقُّ بِٱلۡمُلۡكِ مِنۡهُ وَلَمۡ يُؤۡتَ سَعَةٗ مِّنَ ٱلۡمَالِۚ قَالَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱصۡطَفَىٰهُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَزَادَهُۥ بَسۡطَةٗ فِي ٱلۡعِلۡمِ وَٱلۡجِسۡمِۖ وَٱللَّهُ يُؤۡتِي مُلۡكَهُۥ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ وَٰسِعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٢٤٧

And their prophet said to them, "Indeed, Allāh has sent to you Saul as a king." They said, "How can he have kingship over us while we are more worthy of kingship than him and he has not been given any measure of wealth?" He said, "Indeed, Allāh has chosen him over you and has increased him abundantly in knowledge and stature. And Allāh gives His sovereignty to whom He wills. And Allāh is all-Encompassing [in favor] and Knowing."

他们的先知对他们说:“真主已确立塔鲁特为你们的国王,你们在他的麾下征战吧!”他们的领袖拒绝了这个选择,并说:“他怎么能成为我们的王呢?我们比他更胜任做国王。他即不是王的儿子,也没有拿出丰厚的资产佑助他成为国王?!”先知对他们说:“真主确已选择他作为你们的王,并恩赐他渊博的学识和强健的体魄。真主以其智慧和仁慈将王权给予祂所意欲之人,亦将其洪恩给予祂所意欲之人,祂确知应受之人。”

2:248Page 40

وَقَالَ لَهُمۡ نَبِيُّهُمۡ إِنَّ ءَايَةَ مُلۡكِهِۦٓ أَن يَأۡتِيَكُمُ ٱلتَّابُوتُ فِيهِ سَكِينَةٞ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ وَبَقِيَّةٞ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ ءَالُ مُوسَىٰ وَءَالُ هَٰرُونَ تَحۡمِلُهُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَةٗ لَّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ ٢٤٨

And their prophet said to them, "Indeed, a sign of his kingship is that the chest will come to you in which is assurance1 from your Lord and a remnant of what the family of Moses and the family of Aaron had left, carried by the angels. Indeed in that is a sign for you, if you are believers."

他们的先知对他们说:“选择他为你们的王的凭证,就是真主恩赐给你们的约柜——一个以色列人尊崇的箱子,箱内有真主降下的安宁,并装有穆萨家族和哈伦家族的遗物,如手杖和一些牌子等。对于你们,此中确有一种明显的迹象,如果你们是真信士。”

2:249Page 41

فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِٱلۡجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُبۡتَلِيكُم بِنَهَرٖ فَمَن شَرِبَ مِنۡهُ فَلَيۡسَ مِنِّي وَمَن لَّمۡ يَطۡعَمۡهُ فَإِنَّهُۥ مِنِّيٓ إِلَّا مَنِ ٱغۡتَرَفَ غُرۡفَةَۢ بِيَدِهِۦۚ فَشَرِبُواْ مِنۡهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا مِّنۡهُمۡۚ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُۥ هُوَ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُۥ قَالُواْ لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا ٱلۡيَوۡمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِۦۚ قَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُم مُّلَٰقُواْ ٱللَّهِ كَم مِّن فِئَةٖ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتۡ فِئَةٗ كَثِيرَةَۢ بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ مَعَ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ ٢٤٩

And when Saul went forth with the soldiers, he said, "Indeed, Allāh will be testing you with a river. So whoever drinks from it is not of me, and whoever does not taste it is indeed of me, excepting one who takes [from it] in the hollow of his hand." But they drank from it, except a [very] few of them. Then when he had crossed it along with those who believed with him, they said, "There is no power for us today against Goliath and his soldiers." But those who were certain that they would meet Allāh said, "How many a small company has overcome a large company by permission of Allāh. And Allāh is with the patient."

当塔鲁特率领军队出发之时,他说:“真主必定以一条河来考验你们。谁饮用了河水,他就不是我的部属,就不会同我一起征战;谁没有饮用,他就是我的部属,会同我一起征战。除非是被迫饮用不足一捧水的人,不算违抗命令。”士兵们只有少数人忍住了饥渴没有喝水。当塔鲁特和信士们渡过河时,部分士兵说:“今日,我们绝无能力敌对查鲁特和他的军队。”此时,那些坚信后世必与真主相会的将士们说:“在真主的意欲和佑助下,少数的信士部队战胜多数的不信道者部队的事例比比皆是,胜利取决于信仰而不是人多。真主与坚忍者同在,祂会佑助他们获胜。”

2:250Page 41

وَلَمَّا بَرَزُواْ لِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِۦ قَالُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَفۡرِغۡ عَلَيۡنَا صَبۡرٗا وَثَبِّتۡ أَقۡدَامَنَا وَٱنصُرۡنَا عَلَى ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٢٥٠

And when they went forth to [face] Goliath and his soldiers, they said, "Our Lord, pour upon us patience and plant firmly our feet and give us victory over the disbelieving people."

当他们与查鲁特和其军队交锋之时,他们面向真主祈求到:“我们的养主啊!求你把坚忍注入我们的心中,求你坚定我们的脚步,在敌人面前不逃离、不退缩,求你佑助我们战胜不信道的民众吧!”

2:251Page 41

فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُۥدُ جَالُوتَ وَءَاتَىٰهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُلۡكَ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُۥ مِمَّا يَشَآءُۗ وَلَوۡلَا دَفۡعُ ٱللَّهِ ٱلنَّاسَ بَعۡضَهُم بِبَعۡضٖ لَّفَسَدَتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ذُو فَضۡلٍ عَلَى ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٢٥١

So they defeated them by permission of Allāh, and David killed Goliath, and Allāh gave him the kingship and wisdom [i.e., prophethood] and taught him from that which He willed. And if it were not for Allāh checking [some] people by means of others, the earth would have been corrupted, but Allāh is the possessor of bounty for the worlds.

他们借助真主的佑助打败了敌人,达伍德杀死了敌方首领查鲁特。真主给予了他王权和为圣的使命,并把自己所意欲的各种知识教授予他,他拥有集今后两世的恩惠。如若不是真主让信道和不信道的世人相互抵抗,那么,大地会被不信道的作恶者统治。所以说,真主对于全世界是有恩惠的。

2:252Page 41

تِلۡكَ ءَايَٰتُ ٱللَّهِ نَتۡلُوهَا عَلَيۡكَ بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِينَ ٢٥٢

These are the verses of Allāh which We recite to you, [O Muḥammad], in truth. And indeed, you are from among the messengers.

先知啊!我向你宣读真主的这些明显的迹象,其内容真实、判断公正。的确,你是众世界的养主所差遣的使者。

2:253Page 42

۞ تِلۡكَ ٱلرُّسُلُ فَضَّلۡنَا بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖۘ مِّنۡهُم مَّن كَلَّمَ ٱللَّهُۖ وَرَفَعَ بَعۡضَهُمۡ دَرَجَٰتٖۚ وَءَاتَيۡنَا عِيسَى ٱبۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ وَأَيَّدۡنَٰهُ بِرُوحِ ٱلۡقُدُسِۗ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا ٱقۡتَتَلَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ وَلَٰكِنِ ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فَمِنۡهُم مَّنۡ ءَامَنَ وَمِنۡهُم مَّن كَفَرَۚ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا ٱقۡتَتَلُواْ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَفۡعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ ٢٥٣

Those messengers - some of them We caused to exceed others. Among them were those to whom Allāh spoke, and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs, and We supported him with the Pure Spirit [i.e., Gabriel]. If Allāh had willed, those [generations] succeeding them would not have fought each other after the clear proofs had come to them. But they differed, and some of them believed and some of them disbelieved. And if Allāh had willed, they would not have fought each other, but Allāh does what He intends.

为你提及的若干众使者,我使他们在接受启示、遵循主命并在等级上相互超越。他们中有的曾和真主交言,如穆萨;有的被真主提升若干品级,如穆罕默德(愿主福安之)。我派遣他为全人类的、封印万圣的使者,我使他的教生超越众民众。我曾给予麦尔彦之子尔萨许多能证明他使命的明显奇迹,如复活死尸、治愈天然盲和大麻病,并派遣天使吉卜利里辅助他力行真主的命令。假如真主意欲,他们的信徒在使者和明证降临之后,必不互相残杀。但是,他们意见分歧,分成若干派。他们中有信仰真主的,也有不信仰的。如果真主意欲他们不相互残杀,必不会残杀。但真主以其睿智为所欲为,以其仁慈指引祂所意欲者信仰,以其公正和智慧使祂所意欲者迷误。

2:254Page 42

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَنفِقُواْ مِمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰكُم مِّن قَبۡلِ أَن يَأۡتِيَ يَوۡمٞ لَّا بَيۡعٞ فِيهِ وَلَا خُلَّةٞ وَلَا شَفَٰعَةٞۗ وَٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ٢٥٤

O you who have believed, spend from that which We have provided for you before there comes a Day in which there is no exchange [i.e., ransom] and no friendship and no intercession. And the disbelievers - they are the wrongdoers.

信仰真主追随使者的信士们啊!你们在后世来临之前,将真主给予你们的各种合法财物分舍出去。那一日,没有人可以获利的买卖,没有在患难时期的真情,也没有避免伤害或带来福利的媒介,只有真主给予祂所喜悦和满意之人的恩惠。不信道者确因否认真主而成为不义之人。

2:255Page 42

ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلۡحَيُّ ٱلۡقَيُّومُۚ لَا تَأۡخُذُهُۥ سِنَةٞ وَلَا نَوۡمٞۚ لَّهُۥ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ مَن ذَا ٱلَّذِي يَشۡفَعُ عِندَهُۥٓ إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِهِۦۚ يَعۡلَمُ مَا بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمَا خَلۡفَهُمۡۖ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيۡءٖ مِّنۡ عِلۡمِهِۦٓ إِلَّا بِمَا شَآءَۚ وَسِعَ كُرۡسِيُّهُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَۖ وَلَا يَـُٔودُهُۥ حِفۡظُهُمَاۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَلِيُّ ٱلۡعَظِيمُ ٢٥٥

Allāh - there is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living,1 the Self-Sustaining.2 Neither drowsiness overtakes Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is [presently] before them and what will be after them,3 and they encompass not a thing of His knowledge except for what He wills. His Kursī4 extends over the heavens and the earth, and their preservation tires Him not. And He is the Most High,5 the Most Great.6

真主——除祂外,绝无应受崇拜的,祂是永生不灭的,完美无瑕疵的。祂是维护万物的,自立无求于万物,而万物每时每刻都依赖于祂。瞌睡和睡眠都不能侵犯祂——祂拥有完美的生活和自立性。唯有祂拥有天地的王权。未经祂的允诺和许可,谁能在祂那里替人说情呢?祂知道祂的被造物发生的一切事情,也知道即将发生的事情,除祂所意欲告知的事情外,任何人绝无可能窥测祂的玄妙。祂的阿尔西——即养主双脚的位置,同天地一样宽广。维持天地万物的秩序,不能使祂疲倦。祂是至尊的,至大的,是拥有绝对王权的主。

2:256Page 42

لَآ إِكۡرَاهَ فِي ٱلدِّينِۖ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ ٱلرُّشۡدُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَيِّۚ فَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِٱلطَّٰغُوتِ وَيُؤۡمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدِ ٱسۡتَمۡسَكَ بِٱلۡعُرۡوَةِ ٱلۡوُثۡقَىٰ لَا ٱنفِصَامَ لَهَاۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ٢٥٦

There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion. The right course has become distinct from the wrong. So whoever disbelieves in ṭāghūt1 and believes in Allāh has grasped the most trustworthy handhold with no break in it. And Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.

不能强迫他人信仰伊斯兰教,因为真正的宗教确无强迫。的确,正邪已明显区分。谁否认除真主外的任何崇拜物,只信仰独一的真主,谁就确已把握住坚实的,在后世得以解脱的宗教。真主是全聪其仆的言辞,彻知他们的行为,并以此报偿他们的主宰。

2:257Page 43

ٱللَّهُ وَلِيُّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ يُخۡرِجُهُم مِّنَ ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ أَوۡلِيَآؤُهُمُ ٱلطَّٰغُوتُ يُخۡرِجُونَهُم مِّنَ ٱلنُّورِ إِلَى ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِۗ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِۖ هُمۡ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ ٢٥٧

Allāh is the Ally1 of those who believe. He brings them out from darknesses into the light. And those who disbelieve - their allies are ṭāghūt. They take them out of the light into darknesses.2 Those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide eternally therein.

真主是信士们的佑助者、保护者和援助者,使他们从不信道的黑暗和愚昧中走出,进入信仰和知识的光明之中;而不信道者的保护者,则是为他们粉饰叛教恶行的恶魔和偶像,使他们从信仰和知识的光明中走出,进入不信道的黑暗和愚昧之中。这等人是火狱的居民,他们将永居其中。真主提到两伙人,并以这两伙人举例,他说:

2:258Page 43

أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِي حَآجَّ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ فِي رَبِّهِۦٓ أَنۡ ءَاتَىٰهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُلۡكَ إِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمُ رَبِّيَ ٱلَّذِي يُحۡيِۦ وَيُمِيتُ قَالَ أَنَا۠ أُحۡيِۦ وَأُمِيتُۖ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمُ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأۡتِي بِٱلشَّمۡسِ مِنَ ٱلۡمَشۡرِقِ فَأۡتِ بِهَا مِنَ ٱلۡمَغۡرِبِ فَبُهِتَ ٱلَّذِي كَفَرَۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٢٥٨

Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord [merely] because Allāh had given him kingship? When Abraham said, "My Lord is the one who gives life and causes death," he said, "I give life and cause death." Abraham said, "Indeed, Allāh brings up the sun from the east, so bring it up from the west." So the disbeliever was overwhelmed [by astonishment], and Allāh does not guide the wrongdoing people.

“先知啊!你见过比这个昏君更胆大妄为之人吗?他与易卜拉欣争论真主的主宰性和独一性。他能如此狂妄,是因为真主给予了他王权。即位之后,他变得昏庸残暴。当易卜拉欣为他讲解真主的特性时说:“我的主可以使万物生,使万物死。”昏君说:“我也能使死人生,使活人死。我可以随意杀人或饶恕人。”易卜拉欣抛给他另一个更有力的证据,他说:“我所崇拜的主可以使太阳从东方升起,你能使它从西方升起吗?”这个昏君顿时哑口无言,无法找到更好的证据。真主不会因不义者残暴和欺虐的行为而佑助他们。

2:259Page 43

أَوۡ كَٱلَّذِي مَرَّ عَلَىٰ قَرۡيَةٖ وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا قَالَ أَنَّىٰ يُحۡيِۦ هَٰذِهِ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِهَاۖ فَأَمَاتَهُ ٱللَّهُ مِاْئَةَ عَامٖ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُۥۖ قَالَ كَمۡ لَبِثۡتَۖ قَالَ لَبِثۡتُ يَوۡمًا أَوۡ بَعۡضَ يَوۡمٖۖ قَالَ بَل لَّبِثۡتَ مِاْئَةَ عَامٖ فَٱنظُرۡ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِكَ وَشَرَابِكَ لَمۡ يَتَسَنَّهۡۖ وَٱنظُرۡ إِلَىٰ حِمَارِكَ وَلِنَجۡعَلَكَ ءَايَةٗ لِّلنَّاسِۖ وَٱنظُرۡ إِلَى ٱلۡعِظَامِ كَيۡفَ نُنشِزُهَا ثُمَّ نَكۡسُوهَا لَحۡمٗاۚ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُۥ قَالَ أَعۡلَمُ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ ٢٥٩

Or [consider such an example] as the one who passed by a township which had fallen into ruin. He said, "How will Allāh bring this to life after its death?" So Allāh caused him to die for a hundred years; then He revived him. He said, "How long have you remained?" He [the man] said, "I have remained a day or part of a day." He said, "Rather, you have remained one hundred years. Look at your food and your drink; it has not changed with time. And look at your donkey; and We will make you a sign for the people. And look at the bones [of this donkey] - how We raise them and then We cover them with flesh." And when it became clear to him, he said, "I know that Allāh is over all things competent."

你看见过那个人吗?他经过一个屋顶塌陷、残垣断壁、荒无人烟的村庄,该村庄荒凉而惊悚。这个人很好奇地说:“真主在村民已死的情况下怎样复活他们呢?”于是,真主让他在死亡的状态下逗留了一百年,之后复活了他。真主问他:“你以死亡的状态逗留了多久呢?”他回答道:“我逗留了一天或不到一天。”真主说:“你已整整的逗留了一百年。你看看你所带来的食物,它们完好无损,没有腐烂。食物是最易腐烂之物。你再看看你已死的驴子。“我要以你作为世人的证明,见证真主有能力复活死人的明显迹象。”这些已剥落的驴子骸骨,你可以看看我将会怎样收复它、组合它,之后将肉覆在其上,并重新给予它生命。当此人亲眼目睹真主让他看到的这些迹象,他确已知晓了真主的能力并承认说:“我知道真主对于万事确是大能的。”

2:260Page 44

وَإِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمُ رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيۡفَ تُحۡيِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰۖ قَالَ أَوَلَمۡ تُؤۡمِنۖ قَالَ بَلَىٰ وَلَٰكِن لِّيَطۡمَئِنَّ قَلۡبِيۖ قَالَ فَخُذۡ أَرۡبَعَةٗ مِّنَ ٱلطَّيۡرِ فَصُرۡهُنَّ إِلَيۡكَ ثُمَّ ٱجۡعَلۡ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ جَبَلٖ مِّنۡهُنَّ جُزۡءٗا ثُمَّ ٱدۡعُهُنَّ يَأۡتِينَكَ سَعۡيٗاۚ وَٱعۡلَمۡ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ ٢٦٠

And [mention] when Abraham said, "My Lord, show me how You give life to the dead." [Allāh] said, "Have you not believed?" He said, "Yes, but [I ask] only that my heart may be satisfied." [Allāh] said, "Take four birds and commit them to yourself.1 Then [after slaughtering them] put on each hill a portion of them; then call them - they will come [flying] to you in haste. And know that Allāh is Exalted in Might and Wise."

先知啊!你应谨记,当时易卜拉欣(愿主赐福他)说:“我的养主啊!求你昭示我,你怎样使死人复生?”真主说:“你难道不信吗?”他说:“不然,我已确信,但是为了更加心安。”于是真主命令他说:“你取四只鸟,拿在手中,将它们肢解。然后,在你周围的每座山头安置它们中的一部分,之后你呼唤它们。它们会很快地飞到你面前,它们已起死复生了。易卜拉欣呀!你要知道真主对于祂的王权是万能的,祂对于其命令、教律和创造确是至睿的。”

2:261Page 44

مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنۢبَتَتۡ سَبۡعَ سَنَابِلَ فِي كُلِّ سُنۢبُلَةٖ مِّاْئَةُ حَبَّةٖۗ وَٱللَّهُ يُضَٰعِفُ لِمَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ وَٰسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ ٢٦١

The example of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allāh is like a seed [of grain] which grows seven spikes; in each spike is a hundred grains. And Allāh multiplies [His reward] for whom He wills. And Allāh is all-Encompassing and Knowing.

为主道而施舍财产的信士,他们的回赐就好比一个农夫在肥沃的土地里播下一粒谷种,谷子发出七个谷穗,每个谷穗上结出一百颗谷粒,真主加倍的报酬祂所意欲的仆人——即祂不加计算的以几何倍数给予他们回赐。真主是广施恩惠的主,是全知那些值得加倍恩赐者的主。

2:262Page 44

ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتۡبِعُونَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ مَنّٗا وَلَآ أَذٗى لَّهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ ٢٦٢

Those who spend their wealth in the way of Allāh and then do not follow up what they have spent with reminders [of it] or [other] injury will have their reward with their Lord, and there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.

为服从真主、获得主的喜悦而施舍财产的人,他们施舍后不对受施者示惠,也不羞辱和伤害他们,他们在其养主那里将获得恩赐。他们对于前景毫无恐惧,对于曾经失去的恩泽也毫无忧愁。

2:263Page 44

۞ قَوۡلٞ مَّعۡرُوفٞ وَمَغۡفِرَةٌ خَيۡرٞ مِّن صَدَقَةٖ يَتۡبَعُهَآ أَذٗىۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَلِيمٞ ٢٦٣

Kind speech and forgiveness are better than charity followed by injury. And Allāh is Free of need and Forbearing.

一句发自信士内心能给他人带来愉悦心情的良言,对伤害你的人予以宽恕,远远胜于含有羞辱和伤害的施舍。真主无求于众仆,是仁慈的并不急于惩罚的主。

2:264Page 44

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تُبۡطِلُواْ صَدَقَٰتِكُم بِٱلۡمَنِّ وَٱلۡأَذَىٰ كَٱلَّذِي يُنفِقُ مَالَهُۥ رِئَآءَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۖ فَمَثَلُهُۥ كَمَثَلِ صَفۡوَانٍ عَلَيۡهِ تُرَابٞ فَأَصَابَهُۥ وَابِلٞ فَتَرَكَهُۥ صَلۡدٗاۖ لَّا يَقۡدِرُونَ عَلَىٰ شَيۡءٖ مِّمَّا كَسَبُواْۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ ٢٦٤

O you who have believed, do not invalidate your charities with reminders [of it] or injury as does one who spends his wealth [only] to be seen by the people and does not believe in Allāh and the Last Day. His example is like that of a [large] smooth stone upon which is dust and is hit by a downpour that leaves it bare. They are unable [to keep] anything of what they have earned. And Allāh does not guide the disbelieving people.

信仰真主、追随使者的信士啊!不要羞辱和伤害受施者而使你们的施舍无效。犹如为沽名钓誉而施舍之人一样。这些人不信仰真主,不信后世里的奖善惩恶。就好似一个光滑的石头,上面铺着一层薄薄的浮土,大雨过后,石头上一尘不染。沽名钓誉之人的施舍和善功就形同此石。真主不引导不信道者走上祂所喜悦的道路和做出受益于自己的善功和施舍。

2:265Page 45

وَمَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمُ ٱبۡتِغَآءَ مَرۡضَاتِ ٱللَّهِ وَتَثۡبِيتٗا مِّنۡ أَنفُسِهِمۡ كَمَثَلِ جَنَّةِۭ بِرَبۡوَةٍ أَصَابَهَا وَابِلٞ فَـَٔاتَتۡ أُكُلَهَا ضِعۡفَيۡنِ فَإِن لَّمۡ يُصِبۡهَا وَابِلٞ فَطَلّٞۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ٢٦٥

And the example of those who spend their wealth seeking means to the approval of Allāh and assuring [reward for] themselves is like a garden on high ground which is hit by a downpour - so it yields its fruits in double. And [even] if it is not hit by a downpour, then a drizzle [is sufficient]. And Allāh, of what you do, is Seeing.

为寻求真主的喜悦而施舍财产的信士们,他们坚信真主的许诺而心安施舍,就好像是高原上的一座苗圃,得以大雨的滋润,可以使它的果实成倍增加;如果不得大雨,小雨也足以滋润这块良田。同样,真主接受忠诚者的施舍,并加倍的回赐他们。即使施舍是少量的,真主也是全知的。真主能分辨出忠诚者和沽誉钓名者,真主将分别给予二者应得的回报。

2:266Page 45

أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمۡ أَن تَكُونَ لَهُۥ جَنَّةٞ مِّن نَّخِيلٖ وَأَعۡنَابٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ لَهُۥ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ وَأَصَابَهُ ٱلۡكِبَرُ وَلَهُۥ ذُرِّيَّةٞ ضُعَفَآءُ فَأَصَابَهَآ إِعۡصَارٞ فِيهِ نَارٞ فَٱحۡتَرَقَتۡۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ ٢٦٦

Would one of you like to have a garden of palm trees and grapevines underneath which rivers flow in which he has from every fruit? But he is afflicted with old age and has weak [i.e., immature] offspring, and it is hit by a whirlwind containing fire and is burned. Thus does Allāh make clear to you [His] verses that you might give thought.

“你们中任何人难道不渴望自己有一座种满椰枣和葡萄,中间有甘甜的溪水流过,园内盛产各种甜美果实的苗圃吗?自己上了年纪,已成为无劳动能力的老人,而儿女尚且弱小还无法劳作之时,苗圃遭遇大风并夹带大火,苗圃全部殆尽。这就是自己年岁大而儿女尚小的无奈啊?沽名钓誉者施舍财产的情况如同上述此人,在后世最需要真主恩典之时得不到任何的回赐。”真主已为你们辨明了今后两世中对你们有益之事,以便你们思考。

2:267Page 45

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَنفِقُواْ مِن طَيِّبَٰتِ مَا كَسَبۡتُمۡ وَمِمَّآ أَخۡرَجۡنَا لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَلَا تَيَمَّمُواْ ٱلۡخَبِيثَ مِنۡهُ تُنفِقُونَ وَلَسۡتُم بِـَٔاخِذِيهِ إِلَّآ أَن تُغۡمِضُواْ فِيهِۚ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ ٢٦٧

O you who have believed, spend from the good things which you have earned and from that which We have produced for you from the earth. And do not aim toward the defective therefrom, spending [from that] while you would not take it [yourself] except with closed eyes. And know that Allāh is Free of need and Praiseworthy.

信仰真主、追随使者的信士啊!你们当分舍自己所获得的合法财产,并分舍我为你们从地里生长的作物,你们不要将劣质的物品用于施舍——己所不欲,勿施于人。你们要知道真主是自足的,无求你们的施舍。真主的本体和行为是受赞颂的。

2:268Page 45

ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ يَعِدُكُمُ ٱلۡفَقۡرَ وَيَأۡمُرُكُم بِٱلۡفَحۡشَآءِۖ وَٱللَّهُ يَعِدُكُم مَّغۡفِرَةٗ مِّنۡهُ وَفَضۡلٗاۗ وَٱللَّهُ وَٰسِعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٢٦٨

Satan threatens you with poverty and orders you to immorality, while Allāh promises you forgiveness from Him and bounty. And Allāh is all-Encompassing and Knowing.

“恶魔以贫穷恐吓你们,鼓励你们吝啬,并命令你们去做坏事和丑事,真主却允诺你们赦宥和施恩。”真主是具有宏恩的主,是彻知其仆人状况的主。

2:269Page 45

يُؤۡتِي ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَمَن يُؤۡتَ ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ فَقَدۡ أُوتِيَ خَيۡرٗا كَثِيرٗاۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّآ أُوْلُواْ ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ ٢٦٩

He gives wisdom1 to whom He wills, and whoever has been given wisdom has certainly been given much good. And none will remember except those of understanding.

祂将智慧的言语和行为赋予祂所意欲之人,谁禀赋智慧,谁就已得到很大的恩惠。惟有全美、理智之人才能参悟真主的迹象,得到真主的指引。

2:270Page 46

وَمَآ أَنفَقۡتُم مِّن نَّفَقَةٍ أَوۡ نَذَرۡتُم مِّن نَّذۡرٖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُهُۥۗ وَمَا لِلظَّٰلِمِينَ مِنۡ أَنصَارٍ ٢٧٠

And whatever you spend of expenditures or make of vows - indeed, Allāh knows of it. And for the wrongdoers there are no helpers.

你们为了得到真主的喜悦,分舍无论多或寡的财产,或自发的做任何接近真主之事,真主对此确是全知的。祂不会忽视你们的任何善行,祂将以此报酬你们。对于阻碍真主道路、僭越真主法度的不义之人,他们在后世绝没有援助者。

2:271Page 46

إِن تُبۡدُواْ ٱلصَّدَقَٰتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَۖ وَإِن تُخۡفُوهَا وَتُؤۡتُوهَا ٱلۡفُقَرَآءَ فَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۚ وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنكُم مِّن سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٞ ٢٧١

If you disclose your charitable expenditures, they are good; but if you conceal them and give them to the poor, it is better for you, and He will remove from you some of your misdeeds [thereby]. And Allāh, of what you do, is [fully] Aware.

如果你们公开的施舍财物,这是好的;如果你们秘密的施舍穷人,那比公开的对你们更好,因为该举动更接近对真主的忠诚。忠诚者的施舍是他们所做罪过的遮蔽物和获得饶恕的原因。真主对于你们的行为是全知的。

2:272Page 46

۞ لَّيۡسَ عَلَيۡكَ هُدَىٰهُمۡ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُۗ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَلِأَنفُسِكُمۡۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُونَ إِلَّا ٱبۡتِغَآءَ وَجۡهِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ يُوَفَّ إِلَيۡكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تُظۡلَمُونَ ٢٧٢

Not upon you, [O Muḥammad], is [responsibility for] their guidance, but Allāh guides whom He wills. And whatever good you [believers] spend is for yourselves, and you do not spend except seeking the face [i.e., approval] of Allāh. And whatever you spend of good1 - it will be fully repaid to you, and you will not be wronged.

先知啊!你无责任引导他们接受真理或促使他们信仰,你的责任就是向他们指明真理,让他们了解真理。一切的真理和引导掌握在真主手里,祂指引祂所意欲之人。你们所施舍的任何财物,都将回报予你们,因为真主是无求的主。你们的施舍虔诚因为真主,信士的施舍就是为了谋求真主的喜悦。你们在主道上的施舍无论多与寡,真主都将完全的报酬你们,真主不会亏折任何人。

2:273Page 46

لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أُحۡصِرُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَسۡتَطِيعُونَ ضَرۡبٗا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَحۡسَبُهُمُ ٱلۡجَاهِلُ أَغۡنِيَآءَ مِنَ ٱلتَّعَفُّفِ تَعۡرِفُهُم بِسِيمَٰهُمۡ لَا يَسۡـَٔلُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ إِلۡحَافٗاۗ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌ ٢٧٣

[Charity is] for the poor who have been restricted for the cause of Allāh, unable to move about in the land. An ignorant [person] would think them self-sufficient because of their restraint, but you will know them by their [characteristic] sign. They do not ask people persistently [or at all]. And whatever you spend of good - indeed, Allāh is Knowing of it.

“你们将施舍归于献身主道无法到远方谋生的贫民,无知者认为他们是富人,只因其不肯向人乞讨,但从他们的外貌就可确认其现状,最明显的就是其衣着和身体。他们不像其他的穷人那样喋喋不休的向人乞讨以示可怜。你们在主道上施舍钱财或他物,真主都是全知的,并将以最丰厚的恩典回赐你们。”

2:274Page 46

ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُم بِٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ سِرّٗا وَعَلَانِيَةٗ فَلَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ ٢٧٤

Those who spend their wealth [in Allāh's way] by night and by day, secretly and publicly - they will have their reward with their Lord. And no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve.

为追求真主喜悦,在昼夜间秘密或公开施舍财产之人,他们不沽名钓誉,不为声誉而施舍,在后世将得到真主的回赐。他们不恐惧将要发生之事,对今世失去的事物也毫不忧愁,他们将得到真主的恩典与恩惠。

2:275Page 47

ٱلَّذِينَ يَأۡكُلُونَ ٱلرِّبَوٰاْ لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ ٱلَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ مِنَ ٱلۡمَسِّۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّمَا ٱلۡبَيۡعُ مِثۡلُ ٱلرِّبَوٰاْۗ وَأَحَلَّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡبَيۡعَ وَحَرَّمَ ٱلرِّبَوٰاْۚ فَمَن جَآءَهُۥ مَوۡعِظَةٞ مِّن رَّبِّهِۦ فَٱنتَهَىٰ فَلَهُۥ مَا سَلَفَ وَأَمۡرُهُۥٓ إِلَى ٱللَّهِۖ وَمَنۡ عَادَ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِۖ هُمۡ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ ٢٧٥

Those who consume interest1 cannot stand [on the Day of Resurrection] except as one stands who is being beaten by Satan into insanity. That is because they say, "Trade is [just] like interest." But Allāh has permitted trade and has forbidden interest. So whoever has received an admonition from his Lord and desists may have what is past, and his affair rests with Allāh. But whoever returns [to dealing in interest or usury] - those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide eternally therein.

吃利放债者在后世从坟坑复生起来时,就像着魔似的站起。他们疯疯癫癫的站起,是因为他们认为,吃利放债是合法的。他们对高利贷和真主允许的买卖未加区分。他们说:“买卖在形式上和高利贷一样都是合法的。两者都能增长和发展资金。”真主反驳了他们,并否认和推翻其错误观点。真主辨明说:“买卖是合法的,买卖中有公共和特殊的利润。而高利贷是非法的,其中有不公平的成分存在,它在无任何风险的情况下不义的吸纳他人钱财。”听从真主禁止和警告高利贷的劝诫,放弃并向真主忏悔之人,则既往不咎,他将面对之事全部归于真主。若奉到真主禁令并立据为证后再重犯之人,那么他必入火狱,并永居其中。 这里的永居其中指的是长时间地居留在火狱里,只有不信道者才会永居其中。至于信奉认主独一者,不会永居于火狱之中。

2:276Page 47

يَمۡحَقُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلرِّبَوٰاْ وَيُرۡبِي ٱلصَّدَقَٰتِۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ ٢٧٦

Allāh destroys interest and gives increase for charities. And Allāh does not like every sinning disbeliever.

真主褫夺利息——以损失钱财为实际的褫夺,或以取消钱财中的吉庆为意义上的褫夺。真主增加并加倍回赐施舍者,他一份的施舍真主将给予十倍至七百倍或更多的回赐,并增加施舍者钱财中的吉庆。真主不喜欢顽固的不信道者,他们将非法视为合法,并作恶不断。

2:277Page 47

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَوُاْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ ٢٧٧

Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds and establish prayer and give zakāh will have their reward with their Lord, and there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.

信仰真主、追随使者、并且行善,按照真主命令完美的立行拜功并将其天课给予应得之人的信士们,他们将得到真主的厚报。他们对于将来毫无恐惧,对于今世所失去的恩典也毫无忧伤。

2:278Page 47

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَذَرُواْ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ ٱلرِّبَوٰٓاْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ ٢٧٨

O you who have believed, fear Allāh and give up what remains [due to you] of interest, if you should be believers.

信仰真主、追随使者的信士啊!你们以遵循真主命令、放弃真主禁令而敬畏真主吧!如果你们真正信仰,那就放弃剩余所欠的利息和真主所禁止的高利贷吧!

2:279Page 47

فَإِن لَّمۡ تَفۡعَلُواْ فَأۡذَنُواْ بِحَرۡبٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۖ وَإِن تُبۡتُمۡ فَلَكُمۡ رُءُوسُ أَمۡوَٰلِكُمۡ لَا تَظۡلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظۡلَمُونَ ٢٧٩

And if you do not, then be informed of a war [against you] from Allāh and His Messenger. But if you repent, you may have your principal - [thus] you do no wrong, nor are you wronged.

如果你们不按照真主的命令去做,你们当知道,真主和其使者已向你们宣战;如果你们向真主忏悔,放弃高利贷,那就收回你们的资本,不要多拿超过资本的额度而亏枉他人,也不要折本亏枉你们自己。

2:280Page 47

وَإِن كَانَ ذُو عُسۡرَةٖ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَىٰ مَيۡسَرَةٖۚ وَأَن تَصَدَّقُواْ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ٢٨٠

And if someone is in hardship, then [let there be] postponement until [a time of] ease. But if you give [from your right as] charity, then it is better for you, if you only knew.

如果负债人生活窘迫无力偿还,你们应推迟索要,直到他宽裕有能力偿还;如果你们把所欠的债务施舍给他们或免除一部分,那对你们是更好的,如果你们知道其中真主的恩惠。

2:281Page 47

وَٱتَّقُواْ يَوۡمٗا تُرۡجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى ٱللَّهِۖ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفۡسٖ مَّا كَسَبَتۡ وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ ٢٨١

And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allāh. Then every soul will be compensated for what it earned, and they will not be wronged [i.e., treated unjustly].

你们当害怕所有人都被召回到真主跟前的那一日,你们站在祂的面前,所有人都将接受自己善恶的报偿,不会因缺少善功而受到亏枉,也不会因其罪恶而增加惩罚。

2:282Page 48

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا تَدَايَنتُم بِدَيۡنٍ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗى فَٱكۡتُبُوهُۚ وَلۡيَكۡتُب بَّيۡنَكُمۡ كَاتِبُۢ بِٱلۡعَدۡلِۚ وَلَا يَأۡبَ كَاتِبٌ أَن يَكۡتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ ٱللَّهُۚ فَلۡيَكۡتُبۡ وَلۡيُمۡلِلِ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡحَقُّ وَلۡيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّهُۥ وَلَا يَبۡخَسۡ مِنۡهُ شَيۡـٔٗاۚ فَإِن كَانَ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡحَقُّ سَفِيهًا أَوۡ ضَعِيفًا أَوۡ لَا يَسۡتَطِيعُ أَن يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلۡيُمۡلِلۡ وَلِيُّهُۥ بِٱلۡعَدۡلِۚ وَٱسۡتَشۡهِدُواْ شَهِيدَيۡنِ مِن رِّجَالِكُمۡۖ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيۡنِ فَرَجُلٞ وَٱمۡرَأَتَانِ مِمَّن تَرۡضَوۡنَ مِنَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءِ أَن تَضِلَّ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰۚ وَلَا يَأۡبَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُواْۚ وَلَا تَسۡـَٔمُوٓاْ أَن تَكۡتُبُوهُ صَغِيرًا أَوۡ كَبِيرًا إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَقۡسَطُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَأَقۡوَمُ لِلشَّهَٰدَةِ وَأَدۡنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَرۡتَابُوٓاْ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَٰرَةً حَاضِرَةٗ تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيۡنَكُمۡ فَلَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكۡتُبُوهَاۗ وَأَشۡهِدُوٓاْ إِذَا تَبَايَعۡتُمۡۚ وَلَا يُضَآرَّ كَاتِبٞ وَلَا شَهِيدٞۚ وَإِن تَفۡعَلُواْ فَإِنَّهُۥ فُسُوقُۢ بِكُمۡۗ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ ٱللَّهُۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٞ ٢٨٢

O you who have believed, when you contract a debt for a specified term, write it down. And let a scribe write [it] between you in justice. Let no scribe refuse to write as Allāh has taught him. So let him write and let the one who has the obligation [i.e., the debtor] dictate. And let him fear Allāh, his Lord, and not leave anything out of it. But if the one who has the obligation is of limited understanding or weak or unable to dictate himself, then let his guardian dictate in justice. And bring to witness two witnesses from among your men. And if there are not two men [available], then a man and two women from those whom you accept as witnesses - so that if one of them [i.e., the women] errs, then the other can remind her. And let not the witnesses refuse when they are called upon. And do not be [too] weary to write it, whether it is small or large, for its [specified] term. That is more just in the sight of Allāh and stronger as evidence and more likely to prevent doubt between you, except when it is an immediate transaction which you conduct among yourselves. For [then] there is no blame upon you if you do not write it. And take witnesses when you conclude a contract. Let no scribe be harmed or any witness. For if you do so, indeed, it is [grave] disobedience in you. And fear Allāh. And Allāh teaches you. And Allāh is Knowing of all things.

信仰真主,追随使者的信士啊!如果你们进行借贷——即你们之间成立定期借贷时,双方必须书写借贷凭据。你们应请公正的、有宗教道德、会写字之人为你们执笔。代笔者不应拒绝,更应如实的按照真主所教授的方法而书写,以此为据。代笔者应敬畏真主,不应漏写债务中关于种类、程度或形态等任何的细微内容,这是他义不容辞的责任而不应随意处置。如果债务人年龄弱小或理智不健全或无法口述等,则其监护人应秉公替他口述。你们当邀请两名公正的、有理智的成年男子作证;如果没有两名男子,那么就从你们信任其宗教品德和忠诚主道的人当中,找来一名男子和两名妇女作证,以便两名妇女中一名忘了,另一名可以提醒。如果被邀见证借贷,不得拒绝。无论债额多或寡,应事无巨细的都写在借条上,并注明偿还日期。在真主看来,书写借贷是最公正、最易作证、最可取消质疑的方法。如果你们彼此间进行现款和现货交易,若无必要,你们不写买卖契约对你们是毫无罪过的。真主规定你们双方见证,更能避免产生纠纷。不允许你们伤害代书者和作证者,也不允许伤害请求书写或作证之人。如果伤害,那么你们确已犯罪。信士们啊!你们应以遵从真主命令、放弃真主禁令而敬畏真主。真主教授你们适用于处理今后两世事务的知识,真主是全聪的,全知的。

2:283Page 49

۞ وَإِن كُنتُمۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٖ وَلَمۡ تَجِدُواْ كَاتِبٗا فَرِهَٰنٞ مَّقۡبُوضَةٞۖ فَإِنۡ أَمِنَ بَعۡضُكُم بَعۡضٗا فَلۡيُؤَدِّ ٱلَّذِي ٱؤۡتُمِنَ أَمَٰنَتَهُۥ وَلۡيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّهُۥۗ وَلَا تَكۡتُمُواْ ٱلشَّهَٰدَةَۚ وَمَن يَكۡتُمۡهَا فَإِنَّهُۥٓ ءَاثِمٞ قَلۡبُهُۥۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ عَلِيمٞ ٢٨٣

And if you are on a journey and cannot find a scribe, then a security deposit [should be] taken. And if one of you entrusts another, then let him who is entrusted discharge his trust [faithfully] and let him fear Allāh, his Lord. And do not conceal testimony, for whoever conceals it - his heart is indeed sinful, and Allāh is Knowing of what you do.

如果你们在旅行中没有找到代书者为你们起草借贷凭据,那么债务人应拿出抵押品交给债权人,以此保障其权力,直到还清债务。如果你们双方信任,就无需借贷凭据、证人或抵押品等。那时,债务就是债务人责无旁贷的责任了。债务人应敬畏真主,不能否认其债务,如果否认,就应举证其债务;也不允许债务人隐讳见证,谁隐讳见证,他的内心确已犯罪。真主全知你们的行为,任何事都无法隐瞒他,祂将以你们的行为而报偿你们。

2:284Page 49

لِّلَّهِ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ وَإِن تُبۡدُواْ مَا فِيٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡ أَوۡ تُخۡفُوهُ يُحَاسِبۡكُم بِهِ ٱللَّهُۖ فَيَغۡفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ ٢٨٤

To Allāh belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. Whether you show what is within yourselves or conceal it, Allāh will bring you to account for it. Then He will forgive whom He wills and punish whom He wills, and Allāh is over all things competent.

天地间一切的被造物、王权和裁决权都只归于真主。无论你们外露或隐匿于心间的事情,真主都是全知的,并以此报偿你们。之后,祂以其恩惠和仁慈饶恕祂所意欲之人,以其公正和智慧惩罚祂所意欲之人,真主对于万事确是全能的。

Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences

Contents

Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

Style

Theme
Text size
Layout

Читать на русском