Al-MukhtasarAn‑Nisa · 4:1–74

Al-Mukhtasar · Tafsir · in Chinese

النساء

An-Nisa

The Women · Medinan · 176 ayahs

4:1Page 77

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفۡسٖ وَٰحِدَةٖ وَخَلَقَ مِنۡهَا زَوۡجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنۡهُمَا رِجَالٗا كَثِيرٗا وَنِسَآءٗۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِي تَسَآءَلُونَ بِهِۦ وَٱلۡأَرۡحَامَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ رَقِيبٗا ١

O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allāh, through whom1 you ask one another,2 and the wombs.3 Indeed Allāh is ever,4 over you, an Observer.5

众人啊!你们当敬畏你们的养主,祂从一个人即人祖阿丹创造了你们,并从阿丹创造了他的配偶,即你们的母亲哈娃。并且自他们俩在大地上创造了许多男男女女。你们当敬畏你们所祈求的主,你们说:“真主啊!我向您祈求……” 你们当以接续骨肉而敬畏真主。的确,真主是监管你们的,祂洞察万物,祂将以此报偿你们。

4:2Page 77

وَءَاتُواْ ٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰٓ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡۖ وَلَا تَتَبَدَّلُواْ ٱلۡخَبِيثَ بِٱلطَّيِّبِۖ وَلَا تَأۡكُلُوٓاْ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ إِلَىٰٓ أَمۡوَٰلِكُمۡۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ حُوبٗا كَبِيرٗا ٢

And give to the orphans their properties and do not substitute the defective [of your own] for the good [of theirs]. And do not consume their properties into your own. Indeed, that is ever a great sin.

监护人啊!当孤儿(即未成年时失去父亲的儿童。)已成年时,你们当将他们的全部财产悉数交还给他们。你们不要将非法的替换为合法的,即不要拿取孤儿合法佳美的钱财,来替换你们非法的恶劣的钱财。你们也不要将孤儿的财产混入你们的财产中加以吞噬,这在真主那里确是大罪。

4:3Page 77

وَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا تُقۡسِطُواْ فِي ٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ فَٱنكِحُواْ مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ مَثۡنَىٰ وَثُلَٰثَ وَرُبَٰعَۖ فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا تَعۡدِلُواْ فَوَٰحِدَةً أَوۡ مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدۡنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَعُولُواْ ٣

And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then [marry only] one or those your right hands possess [i.e., slaves]. That is more suitable that you may not incline [to injustice].

如果你们与自己监护下的孤女结婚而担心不能公平对待,担心不能给予她们应得的聘仪或担心不能善待她们,那么,你们可以择娶其她良善的妇女为妻。如果愿意,你们可娶两妻、三妻、四妻;若恐怕不能公平对待她们,那么,你们只可娶一妻,或以你们的女奴为满足。因为她们不能享受正妻的待遇。这些规定都记述在有关孤儿和一夫一妻制或以女奴为满足的律法中,这更接近公平,你们不要僭越。

4:4Page 77

وَءَاتُواْ ٱلنِّسَآءَ صَدُقَٰتِهِنَّ نِحۡلَةٗۚ فَإِن طِبۡنَ لَكُمۡ عَن شَيۡءٖ مِّنۡهُ نَفۡسٗا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيٓـٔٗا مَّرِيٓـٔٗا ٤

And give the women [upon marriage] their [bridal] gifts1 graciously. But if they give up willingly to you anything of it, then take it in satisfaction and ease.2

你们应给予妇女应得的聘仪,如果她们自愿拿出其中的一部分赠与你们,你们可以乐意地接受并享用。

4:5Page 77

وَلَا تُؤۡتُواْ ٱلسُّفَهَآءَ أَمۡوَٰلَكُمُ ٱلَّتِي جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡ قِيَٰمٗا وَٱرۡزُقُوهُمۡ فِيهَا وَٱكۡسُوهُمۡ وَقُولُواْ لَهُمۡ قَوۡلٗا مَّعۡرُوفٗا ٥

And do not give the weak-minded your property,1 which Allāh has made a means of sustenance for you, but provide for them with it and clothe them and speak to them words of appropriate kindness.

监护人啊!你们不要将钱财给予不善管理之人,真主使这些钱财成为仆人们的生活开支,他们是不善支配和管理钱财之人,故你们为他们支配和开销,对他们说温和的话语,并为他们订好约定,在他们成年并能妥善处理钱财时将他们的财产悉数归还。

4:6Page 77

وَٱبۡتَلُواْ ٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغُواْ ٱلنِّكَاحَ فَإِنۡ ءَانَسۡتُم مِّنۡهُمۡ رُشۡدٗا فَٱدۡفَعُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِمۡ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡۖ وَلَا تَأۡكُلُوهَآ إِسۡرَافٗا وَبِدَارًا أَن يَكۡبَرُواْۚ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيّٗا فَلۡيَسۡتَعۡفِفۡۖ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيرٗا فَلۡيَأۡكُلۡ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ فَإِذَا دَفَعۡتُمۡ إِلَيۡهِمۡ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ فَأَشۡهِدُواْ عَلَيۡهِمۡۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ حَسِيبٗا ٦

And test the orphans [in their abilities] until they reach marriageable age. Then if you perceive in them sound judgement, release their property to them. And do not consume it excessively and quickly, [anticipating] that they will grow up. And whoever, [when acting as guardian], is self-sufficient should refrain [from taking a fee]; and whoever is poor - let him take according to what is acceptable. Then when you release their property to them, bring witnesses upon them. And sufficient is Allāh as Accountant.

监护人啊!你们应测试孤儿,如果他们已成年,你们就将他们财产中的一部分拿出让他们支配,如果能妥善处理,就表明他们已成人,你们就将财产悉数归还,不要占有他们财产中超出真主允诺你们的额度。你们不要在他们未成年时,急于浪费地消耗他们的财产。如果你们富裕,就不要拿取孤儿的财产,如果贫穷,无法度日,可从中拿取合理的生活所需。当孤儿们成年长大后,你们应为了保护他们的权益,避免纷争,请人见证财产的交接,真主足为监察者,祂将清算仆人们的善功。

4:7Page 78

لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٞ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلۡوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٞ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلۡوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنۡهُ أَوۡ كَثُرَۚ نَصِيبٗا مَّفۡرُوضٗا ٧

For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, be it little or much - an obligatory share.

男子得享父母和至亲如兄弟和叔辈去世后所遗财产的份额,无论多寡;妇女也得享这些人所遗的财产。这有别于蒙昧时期禁止妇女、儿童享受遗产的习俗。这是真主所制定的法定份额。

4:8Page 78

وَإِذَا حَضَرَ ٱلۡقِسۡمَةَ أُوْلُواْ ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينُ فَٱرۡزُقُوهُم مِّنۡهُ وَقُولُواْ لَهُمۡ قَوۡلٗا مَّعۡرُوفٗا ٨

And when [other] relatives and orphans and the needy are present at the [time of] division, then provide for them [something] out of it [i.e., the estate] and speak to them words of appropriate kindness.

如果析产时,有不得遗产的亲戚、孤儿和穷人在场,若他们急需这些钱而你们也不犯难,最好在析产前善意的周济他们,并对他们说和善的话语。

4:9Page 78

وَلۡيَخۡشَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَوۡ تَرَكُواْ مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِمۡ ذُرِّيَّةٗ ضِعَٰفًا خَافُواْ عَلَيۡهِمۡ فَلۡيَتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلۡيَقُولُواْ قَوۡلٗا سَدِيدًا ٩

And let those [executors and guardians] fear [injustice] as if they [themselves] had left weak offspring behind and feared for them. So let them fear Allāh and speak words of appropriate justice.

让那些若自己去世而抛下年幼之子者感到恐慌,他们担心自己的幼子迷失,那就让他们以善待自己监护下的孤儿来敬畏真主吧!若真主意欲,他们死后有人会像他们一样善待他们的幼子。谁留遗嘱就应顾及其子的权利,应对他们实话实说,不应在遗嘱里损害继承人的权利,也不应让遗嘱者自亏其身而放弃遗嘱。

4:10Page 78

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَأۡكُلُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَ ٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ ظُلۡمًا إِنَّمَا يَأۡكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمۡ نَارٗاۖ وَسَيَصۡلَوۡنَ سَعِيرٗا ١٠

Indeed, those who devour the property of orphans unjustly are only consuming into their bellies fire. And they will be burned in a Blaze [i.e., Hellfire].

吞噬孤儿财产,肆意妄为的挥霍者,他们吞入腹中的是灼热的炭火,复活日,他们将入火狱。

4:11Page 78

يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِيٓ أَوۡلَٰدِكُمۡۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءٗ فَوۡقَ ٱثۡنَتَيۡنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۖ وَإِن كَانَتۡ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصۡفُۚ وَلِأَبَوَيۡهِ لِكُلِّ وَٰحِدٖ مِّنۡهُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٞۚ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّهُۥ وَلَدٞ وَوَرِثَهُۥٓ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُۥٓ إِخۡوَةٞ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٖ يُوصِي بِهَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٍۗ ءَابَآؤُكُمۡ وَأَبۡنَآؤُكُمۡ لَا تَدۡرُونَ أَيُّهُمۡ أَقۡرَبُ لَكُمۡ نَفۡعٗاۚ فَرِيضَةٗ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا ١١

Allāh instructs you concerning your children [i.e., their portions of inheritance]: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are [only] daughters, two or more, for them is two thirds of one's estate.1 And if there is only one, for her is half. And for one's parents, to each one of them is a sixth of his estate if he left children. But if he had no children and the parents [alone] inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he had brothers [and/or sisters], for his mother is a sixth,2 after any bequest he [may have] made or debt.3 Your parents or your children - you know not which of them are nearest to you in benefit. [These shares are] an obligation [imposed] by Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Wise.

真主许诺你们并以子女们继承遗产的各项事务命令你们:遗产的分割即儿子得到女儿的双倍。如果亡人没有儿子,有两个或两个以上的女儿,那么,她们共得遗产的三分之二;如果亡人只有一个女儿,那么她得遗产的二分之一;如果亡人有子女,那么,他的父母各得遗产的六分之一;如果他没有子女,也没有其他继承人,只有父母,那么,母亲得遗产的三分之一,其余全归父亲;如果他有几个同胞兄弟姐妹,或同父异母或异父同母的兄弟姐妹时,母亲得遗产的六分之一,其余归父亲所有,兄弟姐妹们不得遗产。遗产的分配须在完成亡人的遗嘱(该遗嘱不得超过亡人财产的三分之一)和债务之后,真主如此分配遗产,是因为你们不知道父母和子女谁对你们的今后两世更有益。也许亡人认为继承人中有个人最好,并将他的遗产全部给他,或也许认为那个人不好,而禁止他享有遗产,或情况相反。只有真主彻知,任何事无法对祂隐瞒。因此祂制定了上述遗产的分割,并使它成为定制,真主确是全知万物的,祂的规定和裁决确是至睿的。

4:12Page 79

۞ وَلَكُمۡ نِصۡفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزۡوَٰجُكُمۡ إِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّهُنَّ وَلَدٞۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٞ فَلَكُمُ ٱلرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكۡنَۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٖ يُوصِينَ بِهَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٖۚ وَلَهُنَّ ٱلرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكۡتُمۡ إِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّكُمۡ وَلَدٞۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَكُمۡ وَلَدٞ فَلَهُنَّ ٱلثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكۡتُمۚ مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٖ تُوصُونَ بِهَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٖۗ وَإِن كَانَ رَجُلٞ يُورَثُ كَلَٰلَةً أَوِ ٱمۡرَأَةٞ وَلَهُۥٓ أَخٌ أَوۡ أُخۡتٞ فَلِكُلِّ وَٰحِدٖ مِّنۡهُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُۚ فَإِن كَانُوٓاْ أَكۡثَرَ مِن ذَٰلِكَ فَهُمۡ شُرَكَآءُ فِي ٱلثُّلُثِۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٖ يُوصَىٰ بِهَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٍ غَيۡرَ مُضَآرّٖۚ وَصِيَّةٗ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٞ ١٢

And for you is half of what your wives leave if they have no child. But if they have a child, for you is one fourth of what they leave, after any bequest they [may have] made or debt. And for them [i.e., the wives] is one fourth if you leave no child. But if you leave a child, then for them is an eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you [may have] made or debt. And if a man or woman leaves neither ascendants nor descendants but has a brother or a sister, then for each one of them is a sixth. But if they are more than two, they share a third,1 after any bequest which was made or debt, as long as there is no detriment [caused].2 [This is] an ordinance from Allāh, and Allāh is Knowing and Forbearing.

丈夫们啊!如果你们的妻室没有出自于你们或他人的子女,你们可得她们遗产的二分之一;如果她们留有子女,你们可得她们遗产的四分之一,这种分割须在执行她们的遗嘱和偿还她们的债务之后。丈夫们啊!如果你们没有出自她们或她人的子女,你们的妻室可得你们遗产的四分之一;如果你们留有子女,那么,她们可得你们遗产的八分之一,这种分割须在执行你们的遗嘱和偿还完债务之后。如果一男子或女子去世,上无父母,下无子女,只有同母异父的兄弟或姐妹,那么,他或她可得遗产的六分之一;如果同母异父的兄弟姊妹超过一人,那么,他们共得遗产的三分之一,并平均分配,分割须在执行亡人的遗嘱和偿还完债务之后;但在留遗嘱时不能伤害继承者的权利,即遗嘱超过其资产的三分之一。这是从真主发出的命令,真主全知有利于仆人今后两世的利益,祂确是至容的,不急于惩处作恶者的。

4:13Page 79

تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِۚ وَمَن يُطِعِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ يُدۡخِلۡهُ جَنَّٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَاۚ وَذَٰلِكَ ٱلۡفَوۡزُ ٱلۡعَظِيمُ ١٣

These are the limits [set by] Allāh, and whoever obeys Allāh and His Messenger will be admitted by Him to gardens [in Paradise] under which rivers flow, abiding eternally therein; and that is the great attainment.

上述关于孤儿和其他人的律法规定,均是真主制定的法度。谁以遵循真主命令,远离真主禁令而顺从真主和祂的使者,他就会进入下临诸河的乐园,并永居其中。这是来自真主的回赐,是伟大的成功。

4:14Page 79

وَمَن يَعۡصِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُۥ يُدۡخِلۡهُ نَارًا خَٰلِدٗا فِيهَا وَلَهُۥ عَذَابٞ مُّهِينٞ ١٤

And whoever disobeys Allāh and His Messenger and transgresses His limits - He will put him into the Fire to abide eternally therein, and he will have a humiliating punishment.

谁放弃或质疑真主的律法,僭越祂的法度,他确已违抗了真主和祂的使者,他会进入火狱,并永居其中,他将受到凌辱的刑罚。

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وَٱلَّٰتِي يَأۡتِينَ ٱلۡفَٰحِشَةَ مِن نِّسَآئِكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَشۡهِدُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ أَرۡبَعَةٗ مِّنكُمۡۖ فَإِن شَهِدُواْ فَأَمۡسِكُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡبُيُوتِ حَتَّىٰ يَتَوَفَّىٰهُنَّ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ أَوۡ يَجۡعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلٗا ١٥

Those who commit immorality [i.e., unlawful sexual intercourse] of your women - bring against them four [witnesses] from among you. And if they testify,1 confine them [i.e., the guilty women] to houses until death takes them or Allāh ordains for them [another] way.2

你们的妇女,无论已婚与否,若做丑事,你们当在你们中找出四个公正之人作证。如果见证确有奸情,那当把她们拘留家中做以惩处,直到去世。或真主为她们另辟出路。之后,真主为她们辨明了出路,即教法规定:未婚而通奸的妇女应鞑百鞭放逐一年,已婚通奸者乱石击毙。

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وَٱلَّذَانِ يَأۡتِيَٰنِهَا مِنكُمۡ فَـَٔاذُوهُمَاۖ فَإِن تَابَا وَأَصۡلَحَا فَأَعۡرِضُواْ عَنۡهُمَآۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ تَوَّابٗا رَّحِيمًا ١٦

And the two1 who commit it [i.e., unlawful sexual intercourse] among you - punish [i.e., dishonor] them both. But if they repent and correct themselves, leave them alone. Indeed, Allāh is ever Accepting of Repentance and Merciful.

已婚或未婚的男子若犯奸情,你们应当责备他们俩,或稍加惩处。如果悔过自新,当原谅他们俩。因为悔过自新者,罪责已被饶恕,真主对忏悔者确是至宥的,是至慈的。 这种惩罚是伊斯兰教初期的律例,之后,被未婚的通奸者鞭刑放逐,已婚的乱石击毙的律法而废除。

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إِنَّمَا ٱلتَّوۡبَةُ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ لِلَّذِينَ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٱلسُّوٓءَ بِجَهَٰلَةٖ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِن قَرِيبٖ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ يَتُوبُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِمۡۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا ١٧

The repentance accepted by Allāh is only for those who do wrong in ignorance [or carelessness] and then repent soon [after].1 It is those to whom Allāh will turn in forgiveness, and Allāh is ever Knowing and Wise.

真主接受因无知而犯罪,并及时悔过自新之人的忏悔-这里包括故意或无意识犯罪-这等人,真主接受他们的忏悔,原谅他们的过失,真主是全知被造物的情况,祂的裁决和决定确是至睿的。

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وَلَيۡسَتِ ٱلتَّوۡبَةُ لِلَّذِينَ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ قَالَ إِنِّي تُبۡتُ ٱلۡـَٰٔنَ وَلَا ٱلَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمۡ كُفَّارٌۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَعۡتَدۡنَا لَهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمٗا ١٨

But repentance is not [accepted] of those who [continue to] do evil deeds up until, when death comes to one of them, he says, "Indeed, I have repented now," or of those who die while they are disbelievers. For them We have prepared a painful punishment.

真主不接受顽固不化,终身作恶,临死时说:“我现在对所做过的错事表示忏悔”之人的祈祷,他们不蒙赦宥。同样,真主也不接受至死都不信道者的忏悔,这些人是顽固不化的作恶者,他们到死都不信道,我已为他们准备了严厉的惩罚。

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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَرِثُواْ ٱلنِّسَآءَ كَرۡهٗاۖ وَلَا تَعۡضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذۡهَبُواْ بِبَعۡضِ مَآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ إِلَّآ أَن يَأۡتِينَ بِفَٰحِشَةٖ مُّبَيِّنَةٖۚ وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ فَإِن كَرِهۡتُمُوهُنَّ فَعَسَىٰٓ أَن تَكۡرَهُواْ شَيۡـٔٗا وَيَجۡعَلَ ٱللَّهُ فِيهِ خَيۡرٗا كَثِيرٗا ١٩

O you who have believed, it is not lawful for you to inherit women by compulsion.1 And do not make difficulties for them in order to take [back] part of what you gave them2 unless they commit a clear immorality [i.e., adultery]. And live with them in kindness. For if you dislike them - perhaps you dislike a thing and Allāh makes therein much good.

信仰真主,追随其使者的信士们啊!你们不得像继承遗产那样强占你们父辈的妻室,你们不可同她们结婚,或将她们许配给自己所意欲之人,或阻止她们结婚。不允许你们伤害自己不喜悦的妻室乃至于收回已给予她们的部分聘仪等,除非她们做出明显的丑事如通奸,如果做了,允许你们索回或强迫她们偿还已给予的聘仪。你们当善待她们,不可伤害她们。如果你们厌恶她们某些今世的事务,当坚忍。或许你们厌恶之事,而真主在那件事中却安置了许多今后两世的福利。

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وَإِنۡ أَرَدتُّمُ ٱسۡتِبۡدَالَ زَوۡجٖ مَّكَانَ زَوۡجٖ وَءَاتَيۡتُمۡ إِحۡدَىٰهُنَّ قِنطَارٗا فَلَا تَأۡخُذُواْ مِنۡهُ شَيۡـًٔاۚ أَتَأۡخُذُونَهُۥ بُهۡتَٰنٗا وَإِثۡمٗا مُّبِينٗا ٢٠

But if you want to replace one wife with another and you have given one of them a great amount [in gifts], do not take [back] from it anything. Would you take it in injustice and manifest sin?

丈夫们啊!若你们想休一妻,而另娶一房妻室,这对于你们是无过的。如果已给予前妻很多的聘仪,绝不允许你们索回一丝毫。难道你们要加以污蔑和亏枉而将它索回吗?

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وَكَيۡفَ تَأۡخُذُونَهُۥ وَقَدۡ أَفۡضَىٰ بَعۡضُكُمۡ إِلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ وَأَخَذۡنَ مِنكُم مِّيثَٰقًا غَلِيظٗا ٢١

And how could you take it while you have gone in unto each other and they have taken from you a solemn covenant?

你们怎么能索回已给予她们的聘仪呢?你们既已同床共枕,彼此享受并分享秘密。在这之后仍觊觎她们手中的钱财确是件邪恶之事。而且她们与你们缔结过一个坚实的盟约,即依照教法缔结婚约,她们对于你们确是合法的。

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وَلَا تَنكِحُواْ مَا نَكَحَ ءَابَآؤُكُم مِّنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ إِلَّا مَا قَدۡ سَلَفَۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ فَٰحِشَةٗ وَمَقۡتٗا وَسَآءَ سَبِيلًا ٢٢

And do not marry those [women] whom your fathers married, except what has already occurred.1 Indeed, it was an immorality and hateful [to Allāh] and was evil as a way.

你们不要娶你们父辈的妻室,那是禁止的,除非是伊斯兰教之前的可既往不咎。子辈娶父辈的妻室是件丑事,是真主恼怒之事,有此行为者的行径真恶劣啊!

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حُرِّمَتۡ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أُمَّهَٰتُكُمۡ وَبَنَاتُكُمۡ وَأَخَوَٰتُكُمۡ وَعَمَّٰتُكُمۡ وَخَٰلَٰتُكُمۡ وَبَنَاتُ ٱلۡأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ ٱلۡأُخۡتِ وَأُمَّهَٰتُكُمُ ٱلَّٰتِيٓ أَرۡضَعۡنَكُمۡ وَأَخَوَٰتُكُم مِّنَ ٱلرَّضَٰعَةِ وَأُمَّهَٰتُ نِسَآئِكُمۡ وَرَبَٰٓئِبُكُمُ ٱلَّٰتِي فِي حُجُورِكُم مِّن نِّسَآئِكُمُ ٱلَّٰتِي دَخَلۡتُم بِهِنَّ فَإِن لَّمۡ تَكُونُواْ دَخَلۡتُم بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَحَلَٰٓئِلُ أَبۡنَآئِكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ مِنۡ أَصۡلَٰبِكُمۡ وَأَن تَجۡمَعُواْ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡأُخۡتَيۡنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدۡ سَلَفَۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورٗا رَّحِيمٗا ٢٣

Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters, your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your [milk] mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing, your wives' mothers, and your step-daughters under your guardianship [born] of your wives unto whom you have gone in. But if you have not gone in unto them, there is no sin upon you. And [also prohibited are] the wives of your sons who are from your [own] loins, and that you take [in marriage] two sisters simultaneously, except for what has already occurred.1 Indeed, Allāh is ever Forgiving and Merciful.

真主禁止你们娶你们的母亲们及长辈,包括祖母、外祖母和曾祖母;女儿及晚辈,包括孙女、外孙女和重孙女和再往下的晚辈;你们的同胞姊妹或同父异母或异父同母的姊妹;你们的姑母,姑祖母或以上长辈;你们的姨母,姨祖母或以上长辈;你们的侄女、外甥女、她们的子女或以下晚辈;你们的乳母,同乳姊妹,你们的岳母无论同房或未同房的妻室之母;在你们家中养育,你们继室的女儿;同样你们已和其母同房,而未在你们家养育的继室的女儿。如果你们未和其母同房,你们可以娶继室的女儿。真主还禁止你们娶自己亲生儿子的妻室,这还适用你们同乳儿子的妻室。禁止你们同时娶亲姐妹或同乳姐妹,但以往的则既往不咎。真主原谅忏悔的仆人。教法还禁止同时娶一个妇女和她的亲姑姑,或亲姨姨。

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۞ وَٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتُ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۖ كِتَٰبَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُم مَّا وَرَآءَ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَن تَبۡتَغُواْ بِأَمۡوَٰلِكُم مُّحۡصِنِينَ غَيۡرَ مُسَٰفِحِينَۚ فَمَا ٱسۡتَمۡتَعۡتُم بِهِۦ مِنۡهُنَّ فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةٗۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِيمَا تَرَٰضَيۡتُم بِهِۦ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ٱلۡفَرِيضَةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا ٢٤

And [also prohibited to you are all] married women except those your right hands possess.1 [This is] the decree of Allāh upon you. And lawful to you are [all others] beyond these, [provided] that you seek them [in marriage] with [gifts from] your property, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse. So for whatever you enjoy [of marriage] from them, give them their due compensation2 as an obligation. And there is no blame upon you for what you mutually agree to beyond the obligation. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Wise.

禁止你们娶有夫之妇为妻,除非是在阵前,你们虏获的收为奴婢的妇女,你们可以在她们经过一次例假,证明未孕的情况后与她们同房。真主以此为你们的定制,允许你们迎娶除上述以外的妇女。你们须洁身自好,不涉奸淫,须借助自己的财产作为聘仪去求婚。已与你们成婚的妇女,你们应将真主命令应给予她们的聘仪交给她们。如果你们双方同意在确定的聘仪上有所增加或减少,这对于你们是毫无罪过的。真主确知祂的被造物,祂洞察万物,祂的裁决和判断确是至睿的。

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وَمَن لَّمۡ يَسۡتَطِعۡ مِنكُمۡ طَوۡلًا أَن يَنكِحَ ٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُم مِّن فَتَيَٰتِكُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِإِيمَٰنِكُمۚ بَعۡضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعۡضٖۚ فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذۡنِ أَهۡلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ مُحۡصَنَٰتٍ غَيۡرَ مُسَٰفِحَٰتٖ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَٰتِ أَخۡدَانٖۚ فَإِذَآ أُحۡصِنَّ فَإِنۡ أَتَيۡنَ بِفَٰحِشَةٖ فَعَلَيۡهِنَّ نِصۡفُ مَا عَلَى ٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتِ مِنَ ٱلۡعَذَابِۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنۡ خَشِيَ ٱلۡعَنَتَ مِنكُمۡۚ وَأَن تَصۡبِرُواْ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٢٥

And whoever among you cannot [find] the means to marry free, believing women, then [he may marry] from those whom your right hands possess of believing slave girls. And Allāh is most knowing about your faith. You [believers] are of one another. So marry them with the permission of their people and give them their due compensation [i.e., mahr] according to what is acceptable. [They should be] chaste, neither [of] those who commit unlawful intercourse randomly nor those who take [secret] lovers. But once they are sheltered in marriage, if they should commit adultery, then for them is half the punishment for free [unmarried] women. This [allowance] is for him among you who fears affliction [i.e., sin], but to be patient is better for you. And Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

男子们啊!如果你们因经济不宽裕而无能力迎娶信道的自由女,那么,你们可以迎娶他人信道的婢女。真主全知你们的信仰和状况。你们和她们在宗教和人性上是平等的。你们不得与她们私定终身,应征得她们的主人的同意后,方可迎娶。你们应把她们的聘仪照例给予她们,不得减少或拖延。而她们也应洁身自好,不淫荡,也没有秘密情人。她们结婚之后,如果通奸,将受到通奸的自由女一半的刑罚,即:50鞭。不对她们实施乱石击毙的处罚,这有别于通奸的已婚自由女。若没有能力娶妻的男子,应坚忍,最好不要迎娶女婢,以免生下的子女成为他人的奴隶。真主对于忏悔的仆人确是至恕的,祂的慈恩中包括对于无能力娶自由女的男子,因害怕通奸而允许他迎娶女婢。

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يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَكُمۡ وَيَهۡدِيَكُمۡ سُنَنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ وَيَتُوبَ عَلَيۡكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٞ ٢٦

Allāh wants to make clear to you [the lawful from the unlawful] and guide you to the [good] practices of those before you and to accept your repentance. And Allāh is Knowing and Wise.

伟大的真主制定这些教律就是为了向你们阐明祂的宗教和教法标识,以及有利于你们今、后两世的事务;祂想指引你们了解先前的众先知们法程中的合法与非法事务、他们高贵的品德和可敬的生平,以便你们效仿。更希望你们向祂忏悔祈求恕饶。真主是全知众仆的利益,并以此立法,祂在祂的律法和裁决上确是至睿的。

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وَٱللَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَن يَتُوبَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَيُرِيدُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ ٱلشَّهَوَٰتِ أَن تَمِيلُواْ مَيۡلًا عَظِيمٗا ٢٧

Allāh wants to accept your repentance, but those who follow [their] passions want you to digress [into] a great deviation.

真主欲赦宥你们,原谅你们的过错;而追逐私欲之人,则希望你们远离正道。

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يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُخَفِّفَ عَنكُمۡۚ وَخُلِقَ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ ضَعِيفٗا ٢٨

And Allāh wants to lighten for you [your difficulties]; and mankind was created weak.

真主欲减轻你们的负担,不责成你们能力所不及之事。因为真主全知你们在被造和品行上是怯懦的。

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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَأۡكُلُوٓاْ أَمۡوَٰلَكُم بَيۡنَكُم بِٱلۡبَٰطِلِ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَٰرَةً عَن تَرَاضٖ مِّنكُمۡۚ وَلَا تَقۡتُلُوٓاْ أَنفُسَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمۡ رَحِيمٗا ٢٩

O you who have believed, do not consume one another's wealth unjustly1 but only [in lawful] business by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves [or one another]. Indeed, Allāh is to you ever Merciful.

信仰真主,追随使者的信士们啊!除了在双方同意的买卖交易下,以此获利并占有和使用的钱财外,你们不要借助强抢、偷盗、行贿或其它手段非法侵吞他人财产。你们不要杀害他人也不要自杀,更不要放任自流。真主确是怜悯你们的,祂的慈恩包括:保护你们的生命、财产和清誉。

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وَمَن يَفۡعَلۡ ذَٰلِكَ عُدۡوَٰنٗا وَظُلۡمٗا فَسَوۡفَ نُصۡلِيهِ نَارٗاۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرًا ٣٠

And whoever does that in aggression and injustice - then We will drive him into a Fire. And that, for Allāh, is [always] easy.

谁违反了禁止之事,如侵吞他人财产、故意或无意地杀害他人,复活日,真主都将使他进入火狱,并尝试火狱的刑罚。这对于真主确是容易的,因为祂无所不能。

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إِن تَجۡتَنِبُواْ كَبَآئِرَ مَا تُنۡهَوۡنَ عَنۡهُ نُكَفِّرۡ عَنكُمۡ سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمۡ وَنُدۡخِلۡكُم مُّدۡخَلٗا كَرِيمٗا ٣١

If you avoid the major sins which you are forbidden, We will remove from you your lesser sins and admit you to a noble entrance [into Paradise].

信士们啊!如果你们远离了所禁止的一切大罪:如以物配主、忤逆双亲、自杀、吃利放帐等。我就饶恕你们所犯过的错误,使你们进入到真主跟前一个尊贵的地方,那就是乐园。

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وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوۡاْ مَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦ بَعۡضَكُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖۚ لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٞ مِّمَّا ٱكۡتَسَبُواْۖ وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٞ مِّمَّا ٱكۡتَسَبۡنَۚ وَسۡـَٔلُواْ ٱللَّهَ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦٓۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٗا ٣٢

And do not wish for that by which Allāh has made some of you exceed others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of1 what they have earned. And ask Allāh of His bounty. Indeed Allāh is ever, of all things, Knowing.

信士们啊!你们不要期盼真主使你们相互超越,从而不至于导致愤怒和嫉妒。妇女不应期望真主给予专属于男子的事务,男女各有适合自己的工作。你们应当祈求真主增加你们的恩惠。真主是彻知万物的,祂给予每个人适合的工作。

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وَلِكُلّٖ جَعَلۡنَا مَوَٰلِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلۡوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبُونَۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ عَقَدَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡ فَـَٔاتُوهُمۡ نَصِيبَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ شَهِيدًا ٣٣

And for all, We have made heirs to what is left by parents and relatives. And to those whom your oaths have bound [to you] - give them their share.1 Indeed Allāh is ever, over all things, a Witness.

你们中的每个人都应享受父母和近亲遗留的遗产。与你们缔结相互间辅佐并援助的盟友,你们应给予他们遗产。真主见证万事,其中包括见证你们的忠诚和诚信。盟友间相互继承遗产是伊斯兰教初期的定制,后已废除。

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ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٞ لِّلۡغَيۡبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَٱلَّٰتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهۡجُرُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضۡرِبُوهُنَّۖ فَإِنۡ أَطَعۡنَكُمۡ فَلَا تَبۡغُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ سَبِيلًاۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيّٗا كَبِيرٗا ٣٤

Men are in charge of women1 by [right of] what Allāh has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allāh would have them guard.2 But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance3 - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them [lightly].4 But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Exalted and Grand.

男子是管理和维护妇女的。因为真主使他超越于妇女。也因他们有养家和供给她们生活费的责任。清廉的妇女是顺从真主,顺从丈夫的;以真主的护佑而独善其身。丈夫们啊!你们担心那些在言语和行为上执拗,不服从丈夫的妇女,你们开始以真主的名义提醒并恐吓她们,如果她们不听,你们可以与她们分褥而睡,背对她们,不行夫妻之礼。如果还不听从,那么,你们可以责打她们。如果她们顺服了,你们不可不义或过分的欺负她们。真主是自尊的,祂的本体和特性都是至大的,你们应畏惧祂。

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وَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ شِقَاقَ بَيۡنِهِمَا فَٱبۡعَثُواْ حَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهِۦ وَحَكَمٗا مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهَآ إِن يُرِيدَآ إِصۡلَٰحٗا يُوَفِّقِ ٱللَّهُ بَيۡنَهُمَآۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرٗا ٣٥

And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allāh will cause it between them. Indeed, Allāh is ever Knowing and Aware.

夫妻二人的监护人啊!如果你们担心他俩之间的分歧会导致仇恨和敌意,那么,就从双方各自的亲戚中挑选一名公正之人来协调并和解。和解是最好的首选。如果两名公正人欲加以和解,那么,真主必使夫妻和睦,去除间隙。的确,真主是彻知万物的,祂是全知众仆的所思所想的。

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۞ وَٱعۡبُدُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشۡرِكُواْ بِهِۦ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَٰنٗا وَبِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلۡجَارِ ذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡجَارِ ٱلۡجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلۡجَنۢبِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخۡتَالٗا فَخُورًا ٣٦

Worship Allāh and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side,1 the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allāh does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful,

你们当崇拜真主,独一无二,不以物配主;当孝敬自己的双亲;当优待近亲、孤儿和贫穷之人;当善待近邻、远邻、同伴;当款待旅客;当宽待奴仆。的确,真主不喜欢在众仆面前傲慢无礼,在世人面前矜夸自己之人。

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ٱلَّذِينَ يَبۡخَلُونَ وَيَأۡمُرُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ بِٱلۡبُخۡلِ وَيَكۡتُمُونَ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦۗ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٗا مُّهِينٗا ٣٧

Who are stingy and enjoin upon [other] people stinginess and conceal what Allāh has given them of His bounty - and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment -

真主不喜欢自己吝啬并以言语和行为命令他人吝啬之人,他们隐匿真主给予他们的给养、知识和其它恩惠,他们隐瞒,不公开真理,他们表现出的只是虚妄的。这就是不信道者的特征,我已为不信道者准备了凌辱的刑罚。

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وَٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ رِئَآءَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَلَا بِٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۗ وَمَن يَكُنِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ لَهُۥ قَرِينٗا فَسَآءَ قَرِينٗا ٣٨

And [also] those who spend of their wealth to be seen by the people and believe not in Allāh nor in the Last Day. And he to whom Satan is a companion - then evil is he as a companion.

同样,我也为赢得别人赞美、为沽名钓誉而施舍财产之人准备了火狱,他们不信仰真主和复活日。我为他们准备了凌辱的惩罚。他们追随恶魔,谁与恶魔为友,那他的朋友真恶劣!

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وَمَاذَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ لَوۡ ءَامَنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَأَنفَقُواْ مِمَّا رَزَقَهُمُ ٱللَّهُۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِمۡ عَلِيمًا ٣٩

And what [harm would come] upon them if they believed in Allāh and the Last Day and spent out of what Allāh provided for them? And Allāh is ever, about them, Knowing.

如果他们确信真主、确信复活日,并忠诚的为主道施舍财产,这些行为会对他们带来伤害吗?不然,这些行为中只有恩典。真主对他们确是全知的,祂洞察万物,祂将以此报偿他们。

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إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَظۡلِمُ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٖۖ وَإِن تَكُ حَسَنَةٗ يُضَٰعِفۡهَا وَيُؤۡتِ مِن لَّدُنۡهُ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا ٤٠

Indeed, Allāh does not do injustice, [even] as much as an atom's weight; while if there is a good deed, He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward.

的确,真主是公正的主,祂不亏枉众仆一丝毫。不缩减他的善功一丝毫,也不增加他的罪恶一丝毫。如果人有一丝毫的善功,祂都会加倍地酬劳,并且以祂那里重大的报酬赏赐他。

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فَكَيۡفَ إِذَا جِئۡنَا مِن كُلِّ أُمَّةِۭ بِشَهِيدٖ وَجِئۡنَا بِكَ عَلَىٰ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ شَهِيدٗا ٤١

So how [will it be] when We bring from every nation a witness and We bring you, [O Muḥammad], against these [people] as a witness?

复活日,我必召来每个民族中的先知,来见证他们各自民众们的所行。先知啊!我必召来你,来见证你的民众,那情况将会怎么样呢?

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يَوۡمَئِذٖ يَوَدُّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَعَصَوُاْ ٱلرَّسُولَ لَوۡ تُسَوَّىٰ بِهِمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ وَلَا يَكۡتُمُونَ ٱللَّهَ حَدِيثٗا ٤٢

That Day, those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger will wish they could be covered by the earth. And they will not conceal from Allāh a [single] statement.

在那重大的日子,不信仰真主、悖逆使者之人希望能变成像大地一般的泥土,而他们的行为却无法隐匿真主。因为真主将封闭他们的口舌,使他们无法分辨,将准许他们的肢体来见证他们的所行。

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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَقۡرَبُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَأَنتُمۡ سُكَٰرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ تَعۡلَمُواْ مَا تَقُولُونَ وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّىٰ تَغۡتَسِلُواْۚ وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرۡضَىٰٓ أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوۡ جَآءَ أَحَدٞ مِّنكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡغَآئِطِ أَوۡ لَٰمَسۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَلَمۡ تَجِدُواْ مَآءٗ فَتَيَمَّمُواْ صَعِيدٗا طَيِّبٗا فَٱمۡسَحُواْ بِوُجُوهِكُمۡ وَأَيۡدِيكُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا ٤٣

O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying1 or in a state of janābah,2 except those passing through [a place of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]. And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women [i.e., had sexual intercourse] and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]. Indeed, Allāh is ever Pardoning3 and Forgiving.

信仰真主,追随使者的信士们啊!你们在酒醉的时候不要礼拜,直到清醒过来,并能分辨出自己的所说-这是在完全禁酒之前-无大净时,你们不要礼拜、也不得进入清真寺,除路过且不得逗留,直到洗了大净。如果你们病了,无法使用水,或旅行在外、或入厕、或性交,而得不到水,那你们可趋向洁净的土,来抹你们的脸和手。的确,真主对你们的不便确是至恕的,是至慈的。

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أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ نَصِيبٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ يَشۡتَرُونَ ٱلضَّلَٰلَةَ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَن تَضِلُّواْ ٱلسَّبِيلَ ٤٤

Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, purchasing error [in exchange for it] and wishing you would lose the way?

使者啊!你是否知道:真主以《讨拉特》恩赐犹太教徒部分知识,而他们却以正道换取迷误之事吗?信士们啊!他们不遣余力地想使你们迷误,想使你们远离使者带来的正教,而走上迷途!

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وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِأَعۡدَآئِكُمۡۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ وَلِيّٗا وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ نَصِيرٗا ٤٥

And Allāh is most knowing of your enemies; and sufficient is Allāh as an ally, and sufficient is Allāh as a helper.

信士们啊!真主比你们更清楚你们的敌人,因此将他们的情况和敌意告知你们。真主足以保护你们免遭他们的伤害,真主是足以使你们免遭他们计谋和伤害的援助者,祂援助你们战胜敌人。

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مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ يُحَرِّفُونَ ٱلۡكَلِمَ عَن مَّوَاضِعِهِۦ وَيَقُولُونَ سَمِعۡنَا وَعَصَيۡنَا وَٱسۡمَعۡ غَيۡرَ مُسۡمَعٖ وَرَٰعِنَا لَيَّۢا بِأَلۡسِنَتِهِمۡ وَطَعۡنٗا فِي ٱلدِّينِۚ وَلَوۡ أَنَّهُمۡ قَالُواْ سَمِعۡنَا وَأَطَعۡنَا وَٱسۡمَعۡ وَٱنظُرۡنَا لَكَانَ خَيۡرٗا لَّهُمۡ وَأَقۡوَمَ وَلَٰكِن لَّعَنَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِكُفۡرِهِمۡ فَلَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا ٤٦

Among the Jews are those who distort words from their [proper] places [i.e., usages] and say, "We hear and disobey" and "Hear but be not heard" and "Rāʿinā,"1 twisting their tongues and defaming the religion. And if they had said [instead], "We hear and obey" and "Wait for us [to understand]," it would have been better for them and more suitable. But Allāh has cursed them for their disbelief, so they believe not, except for a few.2

犹太教徒中有一伙篡改真主降示的天经之人,他们篡改经典,当穆圣(愿主福安之)命令他们一件事时,他们说:“我们听而不遵。”他们讥讽的说:“愿你听而不闻。”他们利用“拉仪那”这个单词混淆概念,其目的就是想说“我们听到你了。”“拉仪那”这个单词的词根是“拉欧耐”,犹太教徒利用该单词的发音巧言谩骂,就是为了诅咒穆圣(愿主福安之),诋毁正教。如果他们说:“我们既听且从。”来替换“我们听而不从。”、用“你听”来替换“愿你听而不闻。”、用“我们期盼着明白你的所说”来替换“我们等着。”,这种说法会比先前的说法对他们更好、对穆圣更公正,因为这样更能有礼有节地对待穆圣(愿主福安之),是更有礼貌的。但是真主因他们的不信道而诅咒并弃绝他们,他们的信仰无益于他们。

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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ ءَامِنُواْ بِمَا نَزَّلۡنَا مُصَدِّقٗا لِّمَا مَعَكُم مِّن قَبۡلِ أَن نَّطۡمِسَ وُجُوهٗا فَنَرُدَّهَا عَلَىٰٓ أَدۡبَارِهَآ أَوۡ نَلۡعَنَهُمۡ كَمَا لَعَنَّآ أَصۡحَٰبَ ٱلسَّبۡتِۚ وَكَانَ أَمۡرُ ٱللَّهِ مَفۡعُولًا ٤٧

O you who were given the Scripture, believe in what We have sent down [to Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ)], confirming that which is with you, before We obliterate faces and turn them toward their backs or curse them as We cursed the sabbath-breakers.1 And ever is the matter [i.e., decree] of Allāh accomplished.

信奉天经的犹太教徒和基督教徒们!你们应归信我所降示给穆罕默德(愿主福安之)的经典,这部经典证实了你们的《讨拉特》和《引支勒》。请勿在我抹去面部的感官,并使它转向背面,或像驱逐在禁令之后仍过分捕捞的安息日的人那样驱逐他们。因此真主使他们变成了猴子,真主的命令确是实实在在地被执行的。

4:48Page 86

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَغۡفِرُ أَن يُشۡرَكَ بِهِۦ وَيَغۡفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن يَشَآءُۚ وَمَن يُشۡرِكۡ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدِ ٱفۡتَرَىٰٓ إِثۡمًا عَظِيمًا ٤٨

Indeed, Allāh does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allāh has certainly fabricated a tremendous sin.

真主必不赦宥祂的被造物以物配主的罪行,而以祂的恩惠原谅祂所意欲之人除以物配主和不信道以外的其它罪行,或以祂的公正惩罚祂所意欲之人的过错,谁以物配主,谁确已犯下滔天大罪,谁死于不信道,那他绝得不到饶恕。

4:49Page 86

أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يُزَكُّونَ أَنفُسَهُمۚ بَلِ ٱللَّهُ يُزَكِّي مَن يَشَآءُ وَلَا يُظۡلَمُونَ فَتِيلًا ٤٩

Have you not seen those who claim themselves to be pure? Rather, Allāh purifies whom He wills, and injustice is not done to them, [even] as much as a thread [inside a date seed].

使者啊!难道你没有看见,那些喜欢赞美自身和善功纯洁无暇的人吗?不然,真主是唯一能赞美祂所意欲的仆人并纯洁他们的。因为祂全知人们内心所隐匿之事,绝不会缩减他们的一丝毫善功,即使该善功如穿过枣核的线一样大小。

4:50Page 86

ٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ يَفۡتَرُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡكَذِبَۖ وَكَفَىٰ بِهِۦٓ إِثۡمٗا مُّبِينًا ٥٠

Look how they invent about Allāh untruth, and sufficient is that as a manifest sin.

使者啊!你看,他们怎样假借真主的名义,自我赞美而撒谎吗?这种行为足以成为他们迷误的明显罪证。

4:51Page 86

أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ نَصِيبٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱلۡجِبۡتِ وَٱلطَّٰغُوتِ وَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ أَهۡدَىٰ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ سَبِيلًا ٥١

Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, who believe in jibt [superstition] and ṭāghūt [false objects of worship] and say about the disbelievers, "These are better guided than the believers as to the way"?

使者啊!难道你没有看见,并对真主给予了他们知识,而他们却舍真主,信仰偶像的犹太人的情况而感到震惊吗?他们指着以物配主之人说:他们的道路比穆罕默德(愿主福安之)的更正确?!

4:52Page 87

أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ ٱللَّهُۖ وَمَن يَلۡعَنِ ٱللَّهُ فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُۥ نَصِيرًا ٥٢

Those are the ones whom Allāh has cursed; and he whom Allāh curses - never will you find for him a helper.

这些心怀叵测之人,是被真主的仁慈所弃绝之人。真主弃绝谁,你绝不能为他发现支持他的援助者。

4:53Page 87

أَمۡ لَهُمۡ نَصِيبٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُلۡكِ فَإِذٗا لَّا يُؤۡتُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ نَقِيرًا ٥٣

Or have they a share of dominion? Then [if that were so], they would not give the people [even as much as] the speck on a date seed.

他们得不到任何的王权,假若有,即使如枣核上的一个斑点,他们也不会给予他人一丝毫。

4:54Page 87

أَمۡ يَحۡسُدُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ عَلَىٰ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦۖ فَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَآ ءَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَءَاتَيۡنَٰهُم مُّلۡكًا عَظِيمٗا ٥٤

Or do they envy people for what Allāh has given them of His bounty? But We had already given the family of Abraham the Scripture and wisdom1 and conferred upon them a great kingdom.

不然,他们嫉妒真主给予了穆罕默德(愿主福安之)及其追随者圣品、信仰和在大地上有所建树。他们为什么要嫉妒他们呢?之前,我确已赏赐伊布拉欣的后裔天经,并赏赐他们除天经以外的恩惠,我给予他们统领世人的无上权力。

4:55Page 87

فَمِنۡهُم مَّنۡ ءَامَنَ بِهِۦ وَمِنۡهُم مَّن صَدَّ عَنۡهُۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِجَهَنَّمَ سَعِيرًا ٥٥

And some among them believed in it,1 and some among them were averse to it. And sufficient is Hell as a blaze.

信奉天经的人中,有人信仰真主降示给伊布拉欣,以及降示给他的后裔中众先知的经典,也有人拒绝信仰。这是他们对降示给穆罕默德(愿主福安之)的经典的态度。火狱对不信道者足以惩戒。

4:56Page 87

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا سَوۡفَ نُصۡلِيهِمۡ نَارٗا كُلَّمَا نَضِجَتۡ جُلُودُهُم بَدَّلۡنَٰهُمۡ جُلُودًا غَيۡرَهَا لِيَذُوقُواْ ٱلۡعَذَابَۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمٗا ٥٦

Indeed, those who disbelieve in Our verses - We will drive them into a fire. Every time their skins are roasted through, We will replace them with other skins so they may taste the punishment. Indeed, Allāh is ever Exalted in Might and Wise.

不信我的迹象之人,我在复活日必定使他们进入火狱。每当皮肤烧焦之时,我为他们另换一套皮肤,以便继续接受惩罚。真主是万能的,是雷霆万钧的,他的裁决和判断确是至睿的。

4:57Page 87

وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ سَنُدۡخِلُهُمۡ جَنَّٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدٗاۖ لَّهُمۡ فِيهَآ أَزۡوَٰجٞ مُّطَهَّرَةٞۖ وَنُدۡخِلُهُمۡ ظِلّٗا ظَلِيلًا ٥٧

But those who believe and do righteous deeds - We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide forever. For them therein are purified spouses, and We will admit them to deepening shade.

信仰真主,追随使者并立行善功的信士,他们在复活日将进入下临诸河的乐园,并永居其中。他们在乐园里有纯洁无瑕的配偶,我将使他们进入温度适宜、永恒的庇荫之中。

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۞ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأۡمُرُكُمۡ أَن تُؤَدُّواْ ٱلۡأَمَٰنَٰتِ إِلَىٰٓ أَهۡلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمۡتُم بَيۡنَ ٱلنَّاسِ أَن تَحۡكُمُواْ بِٱلۡعَدۡلِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ نِعِمَّا يَعِظُكُم بِهِۦٓۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ سَمِيعَۢا بَصِيرٗا ٥٨

Indeed, Allāh commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which Allāh instructs you. Indeed, Allāh is ever Hearing and Seeing.

的确,真主命令你们将信托物归还于原主人,并命你们在众人中秉公判决,不偏不倚。的确,真主用来劝诫和引导你们的一切事物真优美啊!真主是全聪你们的言语,全知你们的一切行为的。

4:59Page 87

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَطِيعُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُواْ ٱلرَّسُولَ وَأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَمۡرِ مِنكُمۡۖ فَإِن تَنَٰزَعۡتُمۡ فِي شَيۡءٖ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَٱلرَّسُولِ إِن كُنتُمۡ تُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيۡرٞ وَأَحۡسَنُ تَأۡوِيلًا ٥٩

O you who have believed, obey Allāh and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allāh and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allāh and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result.

信仰真主,追随使者的信士们啊!你们应以遵循真主命令,放弃真主禁令而服从真主和使者、以及你们中的主事者,除非他们命令你们作恶。你们间若发生分歧,应回归于真主的天经和穆圣(愿主福安之)的圣训中。如果你们信仰真主和后世,遵循天经和圣训比你们各持己见更好,结果更佳。

4:60Page 88

أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يَزۡعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمۡ ءَامَنُواْ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبۡلِكَ يُرِيدُونَ أَن يَتَحَاكَمُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱلطَّٰغُوتِ وَقَدۡ أُمِرُوٓاْ أَن يَكۡفُرُواْ بِهِۦۖ وَيُرِيدُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ أَن يُضِلَّهُمۡ ضَلَٰلَۢا بَعِيدٗا ٦٠

Have you not seen those who claim to have believed in what was revealed to you, [O Muḥammad], and what was revealed before you? They wish to refer legislation to ṭāghūt,1 while they were commanded to reject it; and Satan wishes to lead them far astray.

使者啊!你难道没有看到吗?那些自称信仰降示给你和你之前众使者的经典的犹太教徒中的伪信士,他们想借助除真主教律以外、世人而制定出的律法来解决他们之间的纠纷。他们已受命背弃信仰,而恶魔欲使他们彻底背离真理,陷入迷误。

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وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمۡ تَعَالَوۡاْ إِلَىٰ مَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ وَإِلَى ٱلرَّسُولِ رَأَيۡتَ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ يَصُدُّونَ عَنكَ صُدُودٗا ٦١

And when it is said to them, "Come to what Allāh has revealed and to the Messenger," you see the hypocrites turning away from you in aversion.

如果对这些伪信士们说:“你们来求助于真主所降示的经典,求助于使者来裁决你们之间的纠纷吧!”使者啊!你就能看到他们会完全的回避你,而求助于他人来裁决。

4:62Page 88

فَكَيۡفَ إِذَآ أَصَٰبَتۡهُم مُّصِيبَةُۢ بِمَا قَدَّمَتۡ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ ثُمَّ جَآءُوكَ يَحۡلِفُونَ بِٱللَّهِ إِنۡ أَرَدۡنَآ إِلَّآ إِحۡسَٰنٗا وَتَوۡفِيقًا ٦٢

So how [will it be] when disaster strikes them because of what their hands have put forth and then they come to you swearing by Allāh, "We intended nothing but good conduct and accommodation."

如果伪信士因他们的罪行而遭受灾难,其状况又会如何呢?使者啊!他们会来到你跟前,以真主起誓向你道歉说:“我们求助他人来调解,只为有分歧的人之间能相互亲善与和解。”这些全是他们的诡话,亲善只存在于真主对仆人所制定的教法中。

4:63Page 88

أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَعۡلَمُ ٱللَّهُ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمۡ فَأَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡ وَعِظۡهُمۡ وَقُل لَّهُمۡ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ قَوۡلَۢا بَلِيغٗا ٦٣

Those are the ones of whom Allāh knows what is in their hearts, so turn away from them1 but admonish them and speak to them a far-reaching [i.e., effective] word.

真主全知这些人心中所隐藏的伪信和不良企图。使者啊!你当远离他们,当原谅他们,当动之以情晓之以理地为他们阐明真主的律法,并用打动他们内心的言语告知他们。

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وَمَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلَّا لِيُطَاعَ بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَلَوۡ أَنَّهُمۡ إِذ ظَّلَمُوٓاْ أَنفُسَهُمۡ جَآءُوكَ فَٱسۡتَغۡفَرُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱسۡتَغۡفَرَ لَهُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ لَوَجَدُواْ ٱللَّهَ تَوَّابٗا رَّحِيمٗا ٦٤

And We did not send any messenger except to be obeyed by permission of Allāh. And if, when they wronged themselves, they had come to you, [O Muḥammad], and asked forgiveness of Allāh and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allāh Accepting of Repentance and Merciful.

我派遣使者,就是以真主的意志和裁决命人服从祂到一定的时刻。使者啊!如果人们犯下罪过而自欺时,他们在你有生之年来到你跟前,后悔所做之事,祈求真主的饶恕,那你就替他们祈求饶恕吧!他们会发现真主确是至恕的,是至慈的。

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فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ حَتَّىٰ يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيۡنَهُمۡ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُواْ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ حَرَجٗا مِّمَّا قَضَيۡتَ وَيُسَلِّمُواْ تَسۡلِيمٗا ٦٥

But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you, [O Muḥammad], judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves and then find within themselves no discomfort from what you have judged and submit in [full, willing] submission.

事情并不像伪信士所言的那样。之后,真主以自身起誓,他们只有在穆圣在世时。请求穆圣为他们裁决,穆圣去世后,根据《古兰经》中的律法来裁决他们之间的纠纷才能称之为真正的诚信之人。之后,他们满意穆圣的裁决,心中毫无芥蒂,也不质疑,他们从内到外的完全顺服。

4:66–68Page 89

وَلَوۡ أَنَّا كَتَبۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ أَنِ ٱقۡتُلُوٓاْ أَنفُسَكُمۡ أَوِ ٱخۡرُجُواْ مِن دِيَٰرِكُم مَّا فَعَلُوهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلٞ مِّنۡهُمۡۖ وَلَوۡ أَنَّهُمۡ فَعَلُواْ مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِۦ لَكَانَ خَيۡرٗا لَّهُمۡ وَأَشَدَّ تَثۡبِيتٗا ٦٦

And if We had decreed upon them, "Kill yourselves" or "Leave your homes," they would not have done it, except for a few of them. But if they had done what they were instructed, it would have been better for them and a firmer position [for them in faith].

وَإِذٗا لَّأٓتَيۡنَٰهُم مِّن لَّدُنَّآ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا ٦٧

And then We would have given them from Us a great reward.

وَلَهَدَيۡنَٰهُمۡ صِرَٰطٗا مُّسۡتَقِيمٗا ٦٨

And We would have guided them to a straight path.

假若我命令他们杀身成仁或离开家园,他们中只有少数人听从。那让他们赞美真主吧,因为真主没有责成他们能力未及之事。假若他们服从真主而履行了受命之事,那对他们更好,更能加强他们的信仰。而我也将给予他们重大的回赐,我将佑助他们走上通往乐园的道路。

4:69Page 89

وَمَن يُطِعِ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلرَّسُولَ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ مَعَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنۡعَمَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِم مِّنَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ وَٱلصِّدِّيقِينَ وَٱلشُّهَدَآءِ وَٱلصَّٰلِحِينَۚ وَحَسُنَ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ رَفِيقٗا ٦٩

And whoever obeys Allāh and the Messenger - those will be with the ones upon whom Allāh has bestowed favor of the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs and the righteous. And excellent are those as companions.

谁服从真主和使者,那他将与真主所恩赐的众先知、完全相信使者带来的使命的忠信之人、为主道舍生取义的众烈士以及表里如一的行善之人一道,进入乐园,这等人是乐园中最好的伙伴。

4:70Page 89

ذَٰلِكَ ٱلۡفَضۡلُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ عَلِيمٗا ٧٠

That is the bounty from Allāh, and sufficient is Allāh as Knower.

这是真主给予祂的仆人的恩惠,真主对他们的情况足为全知,并将完全回赐于他们。

4:71Page 89

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ خُذُواْ حِذۡرَكُمۡ فَٱنفِرُواْ ثُبَاتٍ أَوِ ٱنفِرُواْ جَمِيعٗا ٧١

O you who have believed, take your precaution and [either] go forth in companies or go forth all together.

信仰真主,追随使者的信士们啊!你们应采取具体的战斗措施来预防敌军。你们应化整为零或化零为整,以最有效的方法来御敌。

4:72Page 89

وَإِنَّ مِنكُمۡ لَمَن لَّيُبَطِّئَنَّ فَإِنۡ أَصَٰبَتۡكُم مُّصِيبَةٞ قَالَ قَدۡ أَنۡعَمَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيَّ إِذۡ لَمۡ أَكُن مَّعَهُمۡ شَهِيدٗا ٧٢

And indeed, there is among you he who lingers behind; and if disaster strikes you, he says, "Allāh has favored me in that I was not present with them."

穆斯林们啊!你们中确有人懈怠、不愿杀敌,迟缓不前。他们就是伪信士和信仰薄弱之人。如果你们当中有人牺牲或失败了,他们会庆幸自己的平安而高兴的说:“真主已恩赐了我,我未与他们共同杀敌,因而我安然无恙。”

4:73Page 89

وَلَئِنۡ أَصَٰبَكُمۡ فَضۡلٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ لَيَقُولَنَّ كَأَن لَّمۡ تَكُنۢ بَيۡنَكُمۡ وَبَيۡنَهُۥ مَوَدَّةٞ يَٰلَيۡتَنِي كُنتُ مَعَهُمۡ فَأَفُوزَ فَوۡزًا عَظِيمٗا ٧٣

But if bounty comes to you from Allāh, he will surely say, as if [i.e., showing that] there had never been between you and him any affection, "Oh, I wish I had been with them so I could have attained a great attainment."1

穆斯林们啊!如果你们得到真主的恩惠,获得了胜利或得到了战利品,而这位未出征之人-就好像不是你们中的一员,或你们与他之间并无任何的友爱和友情-必定会说:“但愿我曾与他们共同杀敌,那我也能得到他们所获得的。”

4:74Page 89

۞ فَلۡيُقَٰتِلۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِينَ يَشۡرُونَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۚ وَمَن يُقَٰتِلۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَيُقۡتَلۡ أَوۡ يَغۡلِبۡ فَسَوۡفَ نُؤۡتِيهِ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا ٧٤

So let those fight in the cause of Allāh who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter. And he who fights in the cause of Allāh and is killed or achieves victory - We will bestow upon him a great reward.

让渴望后世而付出今世生活的忠实的信士们为了真主的宗教为主道而战吧!谁为主道而战,以致舍身就义,那他就是烈士、或奋勇制敌,取得胜利,真主将给予他重大的回赐,那就是乐园和真主的喜悦。

Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences

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Ayat al-Kursi36Al-Kahfpage 42juz 15Bukhari 1Muslim 2999

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