Al-Mukhtasar · Tafsir · in Chinese
الحشر
Al-Hashr
The Exile · Medinan · 24 ayahs
59:1Page 545
سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ١
Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allāh,1 and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
天地万物赞颂真主超绝，祂超越不符合祂的一切，祂是万能的、不可战胜的，祂的创造、立法和裁夺确是至睿的。
59:2Page 545
هُوَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَخۡرَجَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمۡ لِأَوَّلِ ٱلۡحَشۡرِۚ مَا ظَنَنتُمۡ أَن يَخۡرُجُواْۖ وَظَنُّوٓاْ أَنَّهُم مَّانِعَتُهُمۡ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ فَأَتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنۡ حَيۡثُ لَمۡ يَحۡتَسِبُواْۖ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلرُّعۡبَۚ يُخۡرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُم بِأَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَأَيۡدِي ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ فَٱعۡتَبِرُواْ يَٰٓأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَبۡصَٰرِ ٢
It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture1 from their homes at the first gathering.2 You did not think they would leave, and they thought that their fortresses would protect them from Allāh; but [the decree of] Allāh came upon them from where they had not expected, and He cast terror into their hearts [so] they destroyed their houses by their [own] hands and the hands of the believers. So take warning, O people of vision.
祂把乃祖尔族人从他们麦地那的家园首次逐出至沙姆，因为他们不信道并否认祂的使者（愿主福安之），他们是信奉《讨拉特》的犹太人，在他们爽约和坚持与以物配主者同道之后，真主驱逐他们到沙姆地区。信士们啊！你们想不到以他们的威望和势力，他们会从自己的家园退出。他们曾以为自己所筑的堡垒能为他们抵御真主的惩处和刑罚，真主的惩罚从他们预想不到的地方降临他们，真主命令祂的使者厮杀他们，并将他们逐出其家园，真主把巨大的恐惧置入他们内心，他们从内部拆毁家园，以便穆斯林不能受用，穆斯林则从外部拆毁那些家园。有识之士啊！你们当以他们因不信道的遭遇为借鉴，不要步其后尘。那样你们将遭遇和他们相同的惩罚。
59:3Page 545
وَلَوۡلَآ أَن كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡجَلَآءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمۡ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ وَلَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ عَذَابُ ٱلنَّارِ ٣
And if not that Allāh had decreed for them evacuation, He would have punished them in [this] world, and for them in the Hereafter is the punishment of the Fire.
假若真主未前定将他们从其家园逐出，祂必在今世杀戮和惩罚他们，如同对待他们的兄弟族人一样，在后世等待他们的是火狱的惩罚，他们将永居其中。
59:4Page 546
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ شَآقُّواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥۖ وَمَن يُشَآقِّ ٱللَّهَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٤
That is because they opposed Allāh and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allāh - then indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.
他们那样的遭遇是因为他们以不信道和爽约违抗真主、违抗祂的使者。真主确是惩罚严厉的，谁违抗真主，他将遭受严厉的惩罚。
59:5Page 546
مَا قَطَعۡتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوۡ تَرَكۡتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَىٰٓ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيُخۡزِيَ ٱلۡفَٰسِقِينَ ٥
Whatever you have cut down of [their] palm trees or left standing on their trunks - it was by permission of Allāh and so He would disgrace the defiantly disobedient.
信士们啊！你们在乃祖尔族人战役中为诱出真主的敌人而砍伐的椰枣树，或任其连根存活，以便你们受益，这均是真主的命令，而非他们所称的在大地上作恶。真主必使爽约和悖逆顺从的犹太人成为低贱的，他们出卖了自己的忠诚。
59:6Page 546
وَمَآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡهُمۡ فَمَآ أَوۡجَفۡتُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ مِنۡ خَيۡلٖ وَلَا رِكَابٖ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُۥ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ ٦
And what Allāh restored [of property] to His Messenger from them - you did not spur for it [in an expedition] any horses or camels,1 but Allāh gives His messengers power over whom He wills, and Allāh is over all things competent.
真主收归使者（愿主福安之）的乃祖尔族人的财产，你们急于得到所骑的马匹和骆驼，但是，真主使祂的众使者，制服祂所欲之人。真主确已使祂的使者制服了乃祖尔族人，他没有发生战事就解放了他们的家园。真主是万能的，任何事物都不能使祂困难。
59:7Page 546
مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَيۡ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةَۢ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡأَغۡنِيَآءِ مِنكُمۡۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَٱنتَهُواْۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ٧
And what Allāh restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allāh and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives1 and orphans and the needy and the [stranded] traveler2 - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from. And fear Allāh; indeed, Allāh is severe in penalty.
和平解放的城镇居民的遗产中，真主赐予祂的使者的，都归属真主。真主将其赐予祂所欲之人，其归使者以及他的哈希姆族人和穆台列卜族人的至亲，作为他们不能接受施舍的补偿，也归孤儿、穷人、断了费用的异乡人，以便财产不仅只掌握在富人手里。信士们啊！使者给你们的战利品的钱财你们可以拿走，他禁止你们动的，当自律，当以遵主命、戒禁令而敬畏真主。真主确是惩罚严厉的，故你们当谨防祂的惩罚。
59:8Page 546
لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ ٱلۡمُهَٰجِرِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُخۡرِجُواْ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمۡ وَأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ يَبۡتَغُونَ فَضۡلٗا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضۡوَٰنٗا وَيَنصُرُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّٰدِقُونَ ٨
For the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allāh and [His] approval and supporting [the cause of] Allāh and His Messenger, [there is also a share]. Those are the truthful.
一部分这些钱财，归属为主道迁徙的穷人，他们被迫放弃自己的钱财和孩子，期望真主赐予他们今世的给养和后世的喜悦，他们以为主道奋斗而援助真主、援助其使者，具有此类品行的人，是真正信仰坚定的人。
59:9Page 546
وَٱلَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُو ٱلدَّارَ وَٱلۡإِيمَٰنَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ يُحِبُّونَ مَنۡ هَاجَرَ إِلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمۡ حَاجَةٗ مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ وَيُؤۡثِرُونَ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ وَلَوۡ كَانَ بِهِمۡ خَصَاصَةٞۚ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفۡسِهِۦ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ ٩
And [also for] those who were settled in the Home [i.e.,al-Madīnah] and [adopted] the faith before them.1 They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what they [i.e., the emigrants] were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful.
在迁士之前已定居在麦地那的辅士们，他们选择了信仰真主及其使者，他们喜悦从麦加迁徙来的人们，当为主道迁徙者被给予战利品而没有给予他们时，他们心中毫无怨恨和不满，他们中虽是穷人和有需要者，但仍在今世的福份中，给予迁士高于自身的优先权。受真主护佑而戒除自身对钱财的贪婪，且将其用于主道的人，他们是可获得自己所欲的获胜者，脱离使自己恐惧的得救者。
59:10Page 547
وَٱلَّذِينَ جَآءُو مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا ٱغۡفِرۡ لَنَا وَلِإِخۡوَٰنِنَا ٱلَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِٱلۡإِيمَٰنِ وَلَا تَجۡعَلۡ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلّٗا لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٞ رَّحِيمٌ ١٠
And [there is a share for] those who come after them, saying, "Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith and put not in our hearts [any] resentment toward those who have believed. Our Lord, indeed You are Kind and Merciful."
他们之后到来的人们，追随他们行善直至复活日，他们说：“我们的主啊！求你饶恕我们和我们之前已经信仰真主及其使者的教胞们！求你不要使我们心中有丝毫对任何一位信士的怨恨和嫉妒，我们的主啊！你确是对众仆怜悯的、仁慈的。”
59:11Page 547
۞ أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ نَافَقُواْ يَقُولُونَ لِإِخۡوَٰنِهِمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لَئِنۡ أُخۡرِجۡتُمۡ لَنَخۡرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمۡ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمۡ أَحَدًا أَبَدٗا وَإِن قُوتِلۡتُمۡ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمۡ وَٱللَّهُ يَشۡهَدُ إِنَّهُمۡ لَكَٰذِبُونَ ١١
Have you not considered those who practice hypocrisy, saying to their brothers [i.e., associates] who have disbelieved among the People of the Scripture, "If you are expelled, we will surely leave with you, and we will not obey, in regard to you, anyone - ever; and if you are fought, we will surely aid you." But Allāh testifies that they are liars.
使者啊！难道你没有看到隐瞒不信道却表露信仰的人们吗？他们对他们不信道的的同党-追随被篡改的《讨拉特》的犹太人说：“你们守在家中，我们绝不会欺骗你们，绝不会交出你们，如果穆斯林驱逐你们，我们必定也离家来声援你们。我们绝不服从任何阻止我们和你们一道离家而去的人。如果穆斯林攻击你们，我们必援助你们。”真主作证，伪信者说如果犹太人被逐出，他们必将随行，如果被袭，他们必与其并肩作战的话是谎言。
59:12Page 547
لَئِنۡ أُخۡرِجُواْ لَا يَخۡرُجُونَ مَعَهُمۡ وَلَئِن قُوتِلُواْ لَا يَنصُرُونَهُمۡ وَلَئِن نَّصَرُوهُمۡ لَيُوَلُّنَّ ٱلۡأَدۡبَٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنصَرُونَ ١٢
If they are expelled, they will not leave with them, and if they are fought, they will not aid them. And [even] if they should aid them, they will surely turn their backs; then [thereafter] they will not be aided.
如果穆斯林驱逐了犹太人，那些人绝不会和他们一起离家，如果穆斯林袭击犹太人，他们也不会援助和支援他们，如果犹太人向他们请求支援对付穆斯林，他们必逃之夭夭，然后，在这之后伪信者绝不受援助，真主使他们成为卑贱的和受辱的。
59:13Page 547
لَأَنتُمۡ أَشَدُّ رَهۡبَةٗ فِي صُدُورِهِم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ لَّا يَفۡقَهُونَ ١٣
You [believers] are more fearful within their breasts than Allāh. That is because they are a people who do not understand.
信士们啊！你们在伪信者和犹太人心里，比真主更可怕，那是因为他们惧怕你们比惧怕真主更多，他们是不通晓和不理解的民众。假若他们通晓，他们必知道真主更值得他们害怕和畏惧，真主确已给予你们控制他们的权力。
59:14Page 547
لَا يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمۡ جَمِيعًا إِلَّا فِي قُرٗى مُّحَصَّنَةٍ أَوۡ مِن وَرَآءِ جُدُرِۭۚ بَأۡسُهُم بَيۡنَهُمۡ شَدِيدٞۚ تَحۡسَبُهُمۡ جَمِيعٗا وَقُلُوبُهُمۡ شَتَّىٰۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ لَّا يَعۡقِلُونَ ١٤
They will not fight you all except within fortified cities or from behind walls. Their violence [i.e., enmity] among themselves is severe. You think they are together, but their hearts are diverse. That is because they are a people who do not reason.
信士们啊！犹太人只有聚在有壁垒庇护的城镇或墙壁的后面向你们作战，他们无法肩并肩面对你们，因为他们间是存有诸多敌意的城镇，你认为他们是团结一致的一个整体，其实他们的心是分散的，这种分歧和敌意源于他们的不理智，假若他们理智，就知道并追随真理了，且不会分歧。
59:15Page 547
كَمَثَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ قَرِيبٗاۖ ذَاقُواْ وَبَالَ أَمۡرِهِمۡ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ ١٥
[Theirs is] like the example of those shortly before them: they tasted the bad consequence of their affair, and they will have a painful punishment.
这等犹太人的不信道和遭受的惩罚，如同他们之前麦加城的以物配主者一样，他们尝受了不信道的最恶劣的惩罚，白德尔战役那天，他们被杀的被杀，被俘的被俘，在后世，他们将受严酷的惩罚。
59:16Page 547
كَمَثَلِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ إِذۡ قَالَ لِلۡإِنسَٰنِ ٱكۡفُرۡ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيٓءٞ مِّنكَ إِنِّيٓ أَخَافُ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ١٦
[The hypocrites are] like the example of Satan when he says to man, "Disbelieve." But when he disbelieves, he says, "Indeed, I am disassociated from you. Indeed, I fear Allāh, Lord of the worlds."
他们听从伪信者就如同恶魔为人美化不信道一样，当那人因恶魔为自己的美化而不信道时，恶魔对那人说：“我与你的不信道无干系，我确是害怕万物的主宰-真主。”
59:17Page 548
فَكَانَ عَٰقِبَتَهُمَآ أَنَّهُمَا فِي ٱلنَّارِ خَٰلِدَيۡنِ فِيهَاۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَٰٓؤُاْ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ١٧
So the outcome for both of them is that they will be in the Fire, abiding eternally therein. And that is the recompense of the wrongdoers.
恶魔和顺从他的人，在复活日，两者（被顺从的恶魔和顺从的人）的结局是火狱，他们永居其中，那等待他俩的报酬是僭越真主法度的自欺的不义者的报酬。
59:18Page 548
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلۡتَنظُرۡ نَفۡسٞ مَّا قَدَّمَتۡ لِغَدٖۖ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَبِيرُۢ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ ١٨
O you who have believed, fear Allāh. And let every soul look to what it has put forth for tomorrow - and fear Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is Aware of what you do.
信仰真主并依其律法行事的人们啊！你们当以遵循真主的命令、远离其禁令地敬畏真主，每个人都应当想一想自己为复活日储备了什么，你们当敬畏真主，真主确是彻知你们行为的，你们的行为丝毫不能隐瞒祂，祂将依其报酬你们。
59:19Page 548
وَلَا تَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ نَسُواْ ٱللَّهَ فَأَنسَىٰهُمۡ أَنفُسَهُمۡۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡفَٰسِقُونَ ١٩
And be not like those who forgot Allāh, so He made them forget themselves. Those are the defiantly disobedient.
你们不要像之前放弃遵循真主命令、未远离其禁戒并忘却真主之人，他们没有使自身脱离真主恼怒和惩罚的行径，他们忘却了真主，没有遵循其命令，没有避开其禁令，他们是悖逆真主的。
59:20Page 548
لَا يَسۡتَوِيٓ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ وَأَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِۚ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ هُمُ ٱلۡفَآئِزُونَ ٢٠
Not equal are the companions of the Fire and the companions of Paradise. The companions of Paradise - they are the attainers [of success].
火狱的居民和乐园的居民不能平等，他们因今世的行为差异在后世所得报酬也不同，乐园的居民是获得了自己所愿的胜利者，逃脱了令他们恐惧的惩罚。
59:21Page 548
لَوۡ أَنزَلۡنَا هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ عَلَىٰ جَبَلٖ لَّرَأَيۡتَهُۥ خَٰشِعٗا مُّتَصَدِّعٗا مِّنۡ خَشۡيَةِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَتِلۡكَ ٱلۡأَمۡثَٰلُ نَضۡرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ ٢١
If We had sent down this Qur’ān upon a mountain, you would have seen it humbled and splitting from fear of Allāh. And these examples We present to the people that perhaps they will give thought.
假若我将这部《古兰经》降示给一座山，使者啊！你将看到，尽管坚硬，山也因惧怕真主而裂开，因为在《古兰经》中有着预示的劝化和严厉的警告。我为人们设立这些比喻，以便他们用智慧感悟真主迹象中的借鉴和教训。
59:22–23Page 548
هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ عَٰلِمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِۖ هُوَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ٢٢
He is Allāh, other than whom there is no deity, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed.1 He is the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلۡمَلِكُ ٱلۡقُدُّوسُ ٱلسَّلَٰمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُ ٱلۡمُهَيۡمِنُ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡجَبَّارُ ٱلۡمُتَكَبِّرُۚ سُبۡحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ ٢٣
He is Allāh, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign,1 the Pure,2 the Perfection,3 the Grantor of Security,4 the Overseer,5 the Exalted in Might,6 the Compeller,7 the Superior.8 Exalted is Allāh above whatever they associate with Him.
祂是真主，除祂外再无应受崇拜的，祂全知幽玄的和显露的，其中任何事情都不能瞒祂，对于今世和后世祂是至仁的和至慈的，祂的恩惠包含众世界，超越所有欠损，是完美而无缺陷的，以证明众使者的证实者，众仆所有行为的观测者，不可战胜的万能的，以祂的威力制服万物，高大的，超越以物配主者以偶像对祂的匹配。
59:24Page 548
هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡخَٰلِقُ ٱلۡبَارِئُ ٱلۡمُصَوِّرُۖ لَهُ ٱلۡأَسۡمَآءُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُۥ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٢٤
He is Allāh, the Creator,1 the Producer,2 the Fashioner;3 to Him belong the best names.4 Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.5
祂是万物的创造者，万事的发生者，随意给予被造物的赋形者，清高的祂有很多包含其崇高属性的美名，天地万物都赞颂祂超越所有缺陷，祂是不可战胜的万能者，祂的创造、立法和裁夺确是至睿者。
Text: Quranic Universal Library (Tarteel), via spa5k/tafsir_api (MIT), at a fixed version. The ayahs: Quran Foundation. Sources and licences